Towards a Theory of the Racialization of Space

Urbanists and race scholars have been attentive to issues relating to race and space for over 100 years. Though some scholars allude to how race is spatialized or space is racialized, that is, to say race is constructed in space and space is inscribed with race, a transportable and multifaceted theory of the racialization of space has yet to emerge. This paper advances a theory integrating racialization theory and Lefebvre’s trialectic theory of the social production of space. I consider how physical, mental, and social facets of space constitute intersecting “racial projects” in the context of societies in which race plays a determinative role. I illustrate this perspective pointing to findings from studies approaching issues of race and space from a variety of vantage points and conclude with suggestions for the further application of this theory.

Applying Design Concepts for the Cultivation of Cross-University Partnerships

Representing distinct parts of Rutgers University—academic innovation and experiential learning, organizational leadership and strategy, and the university library—the authors approach this discussion of agility and cross-university partnerships from three distinct vantage points. Despite different administrative portfolios and scholarly and professional interests, the authors collectively view this moment as one of profound opportunity for our institution and for higher education more broadly. Purposeful collaborations have contributed to new and innovative partnerships that will be discussed in this chapter, including a new learning community for interested members of the New Brunswick Libraries—The Hatchery, a dedicated design thinking and ideation studio centrally located in the Archibald S. Alexander Library—and varying points of convergence with the Innovation, Design, and Entrepreneurship Academy (IDEA) that integrates design and entrepreneurial thinking and leadership development into the Rutgers student experience.

Doing Academia Differently: Creative Reading/Writing-With Posthuman Philosophers

This article considers how academic practices such as reading and writing might be reconfigured as creative processes through thinking-with posthuman philosophies and theorists, particularly, but not confined to the works of Karen Barad and Erin Manning. Both Erin Manning and Karen Barad are involved with creative philosophies and practices, albeit from different vantage points. Manning’s work engages with arts-based practices such as research-creation through process philosophies, whereas Barad reads queer theory through quantum physics to develop their agential realist framework and diffractive methodology. Although Manning and Barad never refer to each other’s work, this article proposes that thinking-with both of these feminist philosophers might be fruitful to consider how reading and writing as part of research projects and graduate supervision might be enacted creatively and differently.

Understanding the Practices of Global Censorship through Accurate, End-to-End Measurements

It is challenging to conduct a large scale Internet censorship measurement, as it involves triggering censors through artificial requests and identifying abnormalities from corresponding responses. Due to the lack of ground truth on the expected responses from legitimate services, previous studies typically require a heavy, unscalable manual inspection to identify false positives while still leaving false negatives undetected. In this paper, we propose Disguiser, a novel framework that enables end-to-end measurement to accurately detect the censorship activities and reveal the censor deployment without manual efforts. The core of Disguiser is a control server that replies with a static payload to provide the ground truth of server responses. As such, we send requests from various types of vantage points across the world to our control server, and the censorship activities can be recognized if a vantage point receives a different response. In particular, we design and conduct a cache test to pre-exclude the vantage points that could be interfered by cache proxies along the network path. Then we perform application traceroute towards our control server to explore censors' behaviors and their deployment. With Disguiser, we conduct 58 million measurements from vantage points in 177 countries. We observe 292 thousand censorship activities that block DNS, HTTP, or HTTPS requests inside 122 countries, achieving a 10^-6 false positive rate and zero false negative rate. Furthermore, Disguiser reveals the censor deployment in 13 countries.

Translating in a constrained environment

Translating children’s literature has been an object of interest researched from a number of vantage points, including the question of constraining factors. Scholars have highlighted mainly the question of dual readership or cultural adaptation, frequently without a global and systemic analysis of all impediments. This article examines the Polish translation of the German book for children, Katharina von der Gathen’s Klär mich auf, from a constraint-based framework. This article focuses on the reconstruction of the constraints in the translation process: the point of departure is the framework with three basic factors that constrain translation, i.e., the intention of the author/translator, text type, and the profile of the audience. The presented argumentation incorporates other formal impediments, such as the visual layer of the book and the semiotic make-up of the source text, language taboo and censorship or the literary polysystems. The analysis of the constraint framework helps to comprehend the translation in terms of the ST-TT relationship regarding their intended audiences, genre-related features, and the child-adult duality.

Peopling Prehistoric Coastlines: Identifying Mid-Holocene Forager Settlement Strategies in Northern Norway

In circumpolar regions, coastlines offer rich constellations of diverse resources and have long been a focus of human habitation. Despite the rich archaeological records that are located along many northern coastlines, there is a relatively limited understanding of the range of factors that informed local settlement strategies. Northern Norway has one of the world’s longest and best-preserved archaeological records of coastal habitation due to post-glacial uplift. Occupation begins in the early Holocene and appears to peak in the mid-Holocene. Our aim in this paper is to investigate the constraints and opportunities that informed the mid-Holocene settlement patterns, between c. 5000 and 0 BC. We present new data that were generated by intensive field surveys and undertake a qualitative multi-scalar analysis of site-locational choices, evaluating the influences of geography, topography and seasonal resource availability. Having identified stretches of the rugged coast as uninhabitable, we proceeded with analyses of the rest of the coastline. Our results indicate that all major settlements were sited to provide safe boat landing, good vantage points and shelter from storms. From these habitation sites, boat technology would have provided flexible access to diverse resources that were available throughout the year, and within a limited travel radius. We also demonstrate that these settlement strategies contrast with the way that the same coastlines were inhabited by pioneering groups in the early Holocene but appear to have some similarities with mid-Holocene coastal settlement patterns in Newfoundland and the Aleutian Islands. Overall, our results suggest that the multiple resources available along northern coastlines often enabled populations to occupy relatively localized areas for long periods. Longer-range mobility and interaction may instead have been primarily driven by socio-political factors rather than subsistence needs.

Diversity of waterbirds in mudflat and fishpond habitats in coastal Wetlands of East Lampung, Indonesia

Coastal wetlands provide habitat for waterbirds. However, changes in land use in coastal wetlands in East Lampung, Lampung Province, might affect the use of habitats by waterbirds. The study objective was to identify waterbird species using wetland habitat in coastal areas of East Lampung. Field surveys were conducted in November 2020 in two habitat types, i.e., mudflats and fishponds, employing a concentration method from several vantage points, then calculating Shannon-Wienner diversity indices (H’). A total of 23 species from 9 families of waterbirds were recorded. Mudflat had a higher diversity (H’½2.21) than fishpond (H’=1.74). Sixteen species were found on mudflats, dominated by shorebirds from the families of Scolopacidae and Charadriidae, which are primarily migratory species. Fishponds were used by 12 species, dominated by the Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) and Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus). Two endangered species, i.e., Far Eastern Curlew (Numenius madagascariensis) and Milky Stork (Mycteria cinerea), and one vulnerable species, Lesser Adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus), were observed using mudflats. This study showed that mudflat in coastal wetlands of East Lampung provides essential habitats for conserving threatened waterbirds and migratory shorebirds.

Rethinking Bach

If Johann Sebastian Bach has loomed extra-large in the imagination of scholars, performers, and audiences since the late nineteenth century, this volume sets out to provocatively reshape that imagination from a multitude of present-day perspectives, both from within and outside of traditional Bach studies. The essays gathered here reconsider Bach’s musical practices from the vantage points of material culture, voice, embodiment, affect theory, and systematic theology; they challenge fundamental assumptions about the nineteenth-century Bach revival, about the rise of the modern work concept, about Bach’s music as a code, and about editions of his music as monuments; and they reimagine Bach as humorist, as post/colonial export, as pedagogue, as anti-modernist, and as uneasy postmodern icon. Collectively, these contributions thus take apart, scrutinize, dust off, and reassemble some of our most cherished narratives and deeply held beliefs about Bach and his music. In doing so, they open up multiple pathways toward exciting future modes of engagement with the composer and his legacy.

Predictable Switching Between Recognition Memory and Magnitude Judgement Tasks: Effects and Implications

<p>Task switching and interruption effects—slower and (often) less accurate responses when a task changes compared to that when a task remains the same—have been investigated from both theoretical and applied vantage points (e.g., Altmann & Trafton, 2007; Jersild, 1927; Rogers & Monsell, 1995). The task switching research has typically used simple tasks with high stimulus-response (S-R) overlap, but there is a need to use different methods and tasks to test the boundaries of task switching effects and the theories used to explain them (Logan, 2003). This thesis examined the costs of switching between a recognition memory task, which is a more complex task than those typically used, and a magnitude judgement task (for the number of dots in a spatial array), which is the type of simple task that has been used (e.g., Altmann, 2002; Monsell, Sumner & Waters, 2003). Across seven experiments, participants switched between the recognition and magnitude tasks in predictable 1, 2, or 4-trial runs. The first two experiments examined task switching effects on recognition memory performance, with Experiment 2 investigating whether specific recognition processes (i.e., recollection and/or familiarity) were affected by switching tasks. Experiment 3 investigated the recovery from a task switch for both tasks and included a visual, task switch "reminder" cue in an attempt to improve switching performance. Finally, Experiments 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B examined evidence for two well-known task switching phenomena, the practice effect and the preparation effect. The results led to four critical conclusions: (1) switching between two tasks with minimal S-R overlap produced significant RT and accuracy switch effects; (2) the cost to recognition memory accuracy did not reflect an impairment to controlled recollection processes; (3) the magnitude and persistence of task switching effects changed as a function of practice within an experiment; and (4) there was little evidence that participants began to switch tasks in advance of stimulus presentation. The results reported in this thesis provide a clear example of task switching driven by the type of stimulus (word or dots), where a change in stimulus type (i.e., from word to dots array or vice versa) initiated the time consuming process of retrieving/activating the appropriate task set. Future research will need to clarify whether the stimulus-driven nature of switching between the recognition and magnitude tasks remains when using different task switching paradigms and when S-R overlap is reintroduced.</p>