scholarly journals High-Intensity Demands of 6-a-Side Small-Sided Games and 11-a-Side Matches in Youth Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Heita Goto ◽  
James A. King
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Metabolic Power ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Global Positioning

Purpose: The purposes of the present study were to examine high-intensity running distance during 6-a-side small-sided games (SSGs) and 11-a-side matches (11M) in youth soccer players using speed and metabolic power approaches and the magnitude of difference between the high-intensity running distance calculated with the 2 approaches. Method: A total of 11 outfield players (age = 16.3 [0.6] y) performed SSGs with 3 pitch sizes (small SSG [SSGS], medium SSG, and large SSG [SSGL]) and 11M. A Global Positioning System (15 Hz) was employed to calculate total distance covered, distance covered at a speed ≥4.3 m·s−1 (TS), and metabolic power of ≥20 W·kg−1 (TP). Results: The total distance covered increased from SSGS through to SSGL (P < .001) and was greater during 11M and SSGL compared with other SSGs (P < .01). TS and TP increased from SSGS (TS vs TP = 98 [55] vs 547 [181] m) through to SSGL (538 [167] vs 1050 [234] m; P < .001). TS and TP during 11M (370 [122] vs 869 [233] m) was greater than SSGS (P < .001 for both) and less than SSGL (P < .05 for both). The magnitude of difference between TS and TP (as a percentage) was lower with an increase in pitch size during SSGs and was greater in SSGS (615% [404%]; P < .001), medium SSG (195% [76%]; P < .05), and smaller in SSGL (102% [33%]; P < .01) compared with 11M (145% [53%]). Conclusion: SSGs can replicate the high-intensity demands of 11M and the speed approach underestimates the high-intensity demands of SSGs and 11M compared with the metabolic power approach.

Accumulative Weekly External and Internal Load Relative to Match Load in Elite Male Youth Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vicente de Dios-Álvarez ◽  
Pello Alkain ◽  
Julen Castellano ◽  
Ezequiel Rey
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Global Positioning

Purpose: The aim of this study was 2-fold: (1) to assess and compare the external and internal load of elite young soccer players during competitive microcycles and (2) to describe the training/match ratios (TMr) in elite male youth soccer players. Method: Twenty-one youth soccer players were monitored using a 10-Hz global positioning system. Total distance covered, running distance (RD), high-speed RD, sprint distance, number of accelerations and decelerations, player load, and rated perceived exertion were recorded during training sessions and matches. The TMr was calculated for each load measure. All variables were also normalized dividing the load per minute of activity. Results: The RD, high-speed running, and sprint distance were higher 3 days before the match and 2 days before match compared with the rest of the training sessions. However, accelerations, decelerations, and player load were higher 4 days before match than other sessions. Besides this, the TMr of RD, high-speed running, and sprint distance were associated with lower values than the TMr of total distance covered, accelerations, decelerations, and player load. The match constituted the highest load during competitive microcycle. Conclusions: The present data support the idea that youth soccer coaches and practitioners must consider relative training load according to match demands to better manage and evaluate player periodization.

scholarly journals Variations of Accelerometer and Metabolic Power Global Positioning System Variables across a Soccer Season: A Within-Group Study for Starters and Non-Starters

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6747
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Rafael Oliveira ◽  
Marefat Siahkouhian ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
Florin Cazan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Metabolic Power ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Lower Load ◽  
System Variables ◽  
In The Beginning

The aims of this study were to analyze the within-group weekly metabolic power average (wMPA), weekly acceleration zones (wAcZ), and weekly deceleration zones (wDcZ), in starter and non-starter professional soccer players, based on different periods of the full season (pre-, early-, mid-, and end-season). Twenty-one professional soccer players (age, 28.3 ± 3.8 years; height, 181.2 ± 7.1 cm; body mass, 74.5 ± 7.7 kg; BMI, 22.6 ± 1.0 kg·m2) were monitored during the full season in the highest level of the Iranian Premier League. WMPA, wAcZ, and wDcZ at three different zones (wAcZ1, wAcZ2, wAcZ3, wDcZ1, wDcZ2, wDcZ3) were collected using Global Positioning System. ANOVA was applied to analyze within-group changes across the different periods of the full season. In general, starters presented higher values in the beginning of the season (pre- and early-season) and lower values at mid- and end-season. Specifically, starters showed significant differences in early- vs. mid-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wDcZ1 (p < 0.05), plus early- vs. end-season for wMPA and wAcZ1 (p < 0.01). In addition, non-starters showed higher values in the pre-season that decreased until the end-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wDcZ1. Regarding wAcZ2, wDcZ2, wAcZ3, and wDcZ3, non-starters presented higher values in early-season that decreased until the end-season. Specifically, non-starters showed significant differences in pre- vs. mid-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wDcZ1; pre- vs. end-season for wMPA, wDcZ1, wDccZ2, and wDcZ3; early- vs. mid-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, wDcZ1, wAcZ2, and wDccZ2; early- vs. end-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, wDcZ1, wAcZ2 wDccZ2, wAcZ3, and wDcZ3; and mid- vs. end-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wAcZ3 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, starters were revealed to have higher values in pre- and early-season, and lower values in mid- to end-season, while non-starters were revealed to have lower load values in pre- and end-season and higher load values in early- and mid-season. This study provides extra insights over the season for starters and non-starters, respectively. Data can be used by coaches to better training periodization across soccer season.

scholarly journals Physical Demands of Top-Class Soccer Friendly Matches in Relation to a Playing Position Using Global Positioning System Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Mallo ◽  
Esteban Mena ◽  
Fabio Nevado ◽  
Víctor Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Rate Profile ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the physical demands imposed on professional soccer players during 11-a-side friendly matches in relation to their playing position, using global positioning system (GPS) technology. One hundred and eleven match performances of a Spanish “La Liga” team during the 2010-11 and 2011-12 pre-seasons were selected for analysis. The activities of the players were monitored using GPS technology with a sampling frequency of 1 Hz. Total distance covered, distance in different speed categories, accelerations, and heart rate responses were analyzed in relation to five different playing positions: central defenders (n=23), full-backs (n=20), central midfielders (n=22), wide midfielders (n=26), and forwards (n=20). Distance covered during a match averaged 10.8 km, with wide and central midfielders covering the greatest total distance. Specifically, wide midfielders covered the greatest distances by very high-intensity running (>19.8 km·h-1) and central midfielders by jogging and running (7.2-19.7 km·h-1). On the other hand, central defenders covered the least total distance and at high intensity, although carried out more (p<0.05-0.01) accelerations than forwards, wide midfielders, and fullbacks. The work rate profile of the players obtained with the GPS was very similar to that obtained with semi-automatic image technologies. However, when comparing results from this study with data available in the literature, important differences were detected in the amount of distance covered by sprinting, which suggests that caution should be taken when comparing data obtained with the GPS with other motion analysis systems, especially regarding high-intensity activities.

scholarly journals Relative Training Load and Match Outcome: Are Professional Soccer Players Actually Undertrained during the In-Season?

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Toni Modric ◽  
Mario Jelicic ◽  
Damir Sekulic
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Distance Ratio ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning

Previous studies examined training/match ratios (TMr) to determine the training load relative to the match load, but the influence of the relative training load (RTL) on success in soccer is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible influence of RTL on final match outcome in soccer (win, draw, and loss). Running performances (RP) of soccer players (n = 21) in the Croatian highest national soccer competition were analyzed during the season 2020–2021. Data were measured by the global positioning system in 14 official matches and 67 training sessions. RTL was assessed by TMr, which were calculated as the ratio of RP during training and match in the same week, evaluating the following measures: TDr (total distance ratio), LIDr (low-intensity distance ratio), RDr (running distance ratio), HIDr (high-intensity distance ratio), ACCr (total accelerations ratio), DECr (total decelerations ratio), HI-ACCr (high-intensity accelerations ratio), HI-DECr (high-intensity decelerations ratio). All TMr were examined separately for each training session within in-season microcycles (categorized as days before the match day, i.e., MD minus). Spearman correlations were used to identify association between match outcome and TMr. The results indicated negative associations between match outcome and TDr, LIDr, ACCr and DECr on MD-1 and MD-2). In contrast, positive associations were evidenced between match outcome, and HIDr on MD-3 and TDr, LIDr, ACCr and DECr on MD-5 (p < 0.05; all moderate correlations). These findings demonstrate that final match outcome in soccer was associated with greater RTL of (i) high-intensity running three days before the match, (ii) total and low-intensity running, accelerations and decelerations five days before the match, and (iii) lower RTL of total and low-intensity running, accelerations and decelerations one and two days before the match.

scholarly journals Maturity-Associated Differences in Match Running Performance in Elite Male Youth Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
James Parr ◽  
Keith Winwood ◽  
Emma Hodson-Tole ◽  
Frederik J.A. Deconinck ◽  
James P. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Biological Maturity

Purpose: To investigate the influence of maturation on match running performance in elite male youth soccer players. Methods: A total of 37 elite male youth soccer participants from an English professional soccer academy from the U14s, U15s, and U16s age groups were assessed over the course of 1 competitive playing season (2018–2019). Relative biological maturity was assessed using percentage of predicted adult height. A global positioning system device was used between 2 and 30 (mean = 8 [5]) times on each outfield player. The position of each player in each game was defined as defender, midfielder, or attacker and spine or lateral. A total of 5 match-running metrics were collected total distance covered, high-speed running distance, very high-speed running distance, maximum speed attained, and number of accelerations. Results: Relative biological maturity was positively associated with all global positioning system running metrics for U14s. The U15/16s showed variation in the associations among the global positioning system running metrics against maturity status. A multilevel model which allowed slopes to vary was the best model for all parameters for both age groups. In the U14 age group, advanced maturation was associated with greater high-speed running distance. However, maturation did not contribute toward variance in any of the indices of running performance in the U15/16s. In the U15/16 age group, significance was observed in the spine/lateral playing positions when undertaking actions that required covering distance at high speeds. Conclusions: Maturation appeared to have an impact on match-running metrics within the U14s cohort. However, within the U15/16s, the influence of maturation on match-running metrics appeared to have less of an impact.

scholarly journals External Loads in Under-12 Players during Soccer-7, Soccer-8, and Soccer-11 Official Matches

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4581
Author(s):  
Mario Sanchez ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Daniel Hernandez ◽  
Manuel Carretero ◽  
Jesus Maria Luis-Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
External Loads

The aim of this study was to compare the external loads (i.e., displacement distances and velocities) of 10–11 years-old soccer players during Soccer-7 (i.e., seven-a-side), Soccer-8 (i.e., eight-a-side), and Soccer-11 (i.e., eleven-a-side) official matches. Male athletes (n = 133; age, 10.9 ± 0.8 years) were measured during official matches for total distance (TD), relative distance (Drel), maximal velocity (Vmax), acceleration (ACC), deceleration (DEC), and absolute and relative distance covered at different velocities. Data during matches were collected using a Global Positioning System unit. Greater TD was recorded during Soccer-11 compared to Soccer-7 and Soccer-8 (p < 0.01), and greater Drel during Soccer-11 compared to Soccer-8 (p < 0.05). Absolute ACC was greater during Soccer-11 compared to Soccer-7 (p < 0.01), although relative values for %ACC and %DEC were greater during Soccer-7 and Soccer-8 compared to Soccer-11 (p < 0.01). Globally, results show that Soccer-11 matches induce greater external loads compared to Soccer-7 and Soccer-8 matches. Current results may help coaches and soccer-related organizers to plan more suited soccer competitions for young players, with lower external loads.

Lower Running Performance and Exacerbated Fatigue in Soccer Played at 1600 m

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Garvican ◽  
Kristal Hammond ◽  
Matthew C. Varley ◽  
Christopher J. Gore ◽  
Francois Billaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Purpose:This study investigated the decrement in running performance of elite soccer players competing at low altitude and time course for abatement of these decrements.Methods:Twenty elite youth soccer players had their activity profile, in a sea-level (SL) and 2 altitude (Alt, 1600 m, d 4, and d 6) matches, measured with a global positioning system. Measures expressed in meters per minute of match time were total distance, low- and high-velocity running (LoVR, 0.01–4.16 m/s; HiVR, 4.17–10.0 m/s), and frequency of maximal accelerations (>2.78 m/s2). The peak and subsequent stanza for each measure were identified and a transient fatigue index calculated. Mean heart rate (HR) during the final minute of a submaximal running task (5 min, 11 km/h) was recorded at SL and for 10 d at Alt. Differences were determined between SL and Alt using percentage change and effect-size (ES) statistic with 90% confidence intervals.Results:Mean HR almost certainly increased on d 1 (5.4%, ES 1.01 ± 0.35) and remained probably elevated on both d 2 (ES 0.42 ± 0.31) and d3 (ES 0.30 ± 0.25), returning to baseline at d 5. Total distance was almost certainly lower than SL (ES –0.76 ± 0.37) at d 4 and remained probably reduced on d 6 (ES –0.42 ± 0.36). HiVR probably decreased at d 4 vs SL (–0.47 ± 0.59), with no clear effect of altitude at d 6 (–0.08 ± 0.41). Transient fatigue in matches was evident at SL and Alt, with a possibly greater decrement at Alt.Conclusion:Despite some physiological adaptation, match running performance of youth soccer players is compromised for at least 6 d at low altitude.

Effects of a Very Congested Match Schedule on Body-Load Impacts, Accelerations, and Running Measures in Youth Soccer Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademir F.S. Arruda ◽  
Christopher Carling ◽  
Vinicius Zanetti ◽  
Marcelo S. Aoki ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
External Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Body Load

Purpose:To analyze the effects of a very congested match schedule on the total distance (TD) covered, high-intensity-running (HIR) distance, and frequency of accelerations and body-load impacts (BLIs) performed in a team of under-15 soccer players (N = 10; 15.1 ± 0.2 y, 171.8 ± 4.7 cm, 61 ± 6.0 kg) during an international youth competition.Methods:Using global positioning systems, player performances were repeatedly monitored in 5 matches performed over 3 successive days.Results:Significant differences were observed between matches (P < .05) for the frequency of accelerations per minute, BLIs, and BLIs per minute. No differences were observed for the TD covered, TD run per minute, number of high-intensity runs, distance covered in HIR, per-minute peak running speed attained, or frequency of accelerations. The frequency of accelerations per minute decreased across the competition while BLIs were higher during the final than in all other matches.Conclusions:These results suggest that BLIs and acceleration might be used as an alternative means to represent the external load during congested match schedules rather than measures related to running speed or distance covered.

scholarly journals Contextual Variables Affect Running Performance in Professional Soccer Players: A Brief Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diêgo Augusto ◽  
João Brito ◽  
Rodrigo Aquino ◽  
Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
Fabio Eiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning

This study aimed to investigate the effects of contextual variables on running performance in Brazilian professional soccer players. Twenty male players from one club participating in the 1st Division of the Brazilian soccer championship were analyzed during 35 matches. Global Positioning System was used to determine total distance (TD) covered, distance covered and actions in high intensity and sprinting, and the number of accelerations, and decelerations. The independent variables used were match location, match outcome, opposition ranking, change of head coach, and distance traveled to play the matches. Total distance was higher in a way than home matches (9,712 vs. 9,533 m; p ≤ 0.05), and losses than draws and wins (9,846 vs. 9,400 vs. 9,551 m; p ≤ 0.05), whereas distance in sprinting was higher in draws than losses (203 vs. 175 m; p ≤ 0.01). Changing the head coach during the season resulted in overall lower distance covered in high intensity, sprinting, high-intensity actions (p ≤ 0.01), and decelerations (p ≤ 0.05). Higher values for distance covered in sprinting and high intensity were found in matches without travel compared to those with long-travel (p ≤ 0.05). Overall, running performance was affected by the location, match outcome, change of head coach, and distance traveled during the season.

scholarly journals Moderate Altitude Affects High Intensity Running Performance in a Collegiate Women’s Soccer Game

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Bohner ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
William. P. McCormack ◽  
Tyler C. Scanlon ◽  
Jeremy R. Townsend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Division I ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Moderate Altitude ◽  
Soccer Game ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Game Activity

AbstractThe effect of altitude on soccer game activity profiles was retrospectively examined in six NCAA Division I female soccer players. Comparisons were made between two matches played at sea level (SL) and one match played at a moderate altitude (1839 m). A 10-Hz global positioning system device was used to measure distance and velocity. The rate of total distance capacity (TDC) and high intensity running (HIR) as well as percent of time at HIR were evaluated. Significant differences were seen in the distance rate (120.55 ± 8.26 m·min-1 versus 105.77 ± 10.19 m·min-1) and the HIR rate (27.65 ± 9.25 m·min-1 versus 25.07 ± 7.66 m·min-1) between SL and altitude, respectively. The percent of time at HIR was not significantly different (p = 0.064), yet tended to be greater at SL (10.4 ± 3.3%) than at altitude (9.1 ± 2.2%). Results indicate that teams residing at SL and competing at a moderate altitude may have a reduced ability in distance covered and a high intensity run rate.

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