Biopsy with Side-Cutting Coaxial Needle—Knowing the “Cutting Length” and “Throw Length”

Image-guided Trucut biopsy is a well-established procedure. The length of the side notch in the stylet is the “cutting length,” which entraps the tissue sample and contributes to the yield. The total distance by which the inner stylet protrudes from the outer cannula with the cutting notch open is the “throw length.” It is inevitably longer than the cutting length does not add to the yield of the sample, but potentially to the complication of the procedure. The authors highlight the importance of knowing this distinction to minimize complications during the procedure.

Small-sided games do not replicate all external and internal loads of a football match-play during pre-season: A case study

This study investigated the differences in external and internal load during pre-season training sessions carried out with different SSGs and a friendly match in top-class professional football players. The study was conducted over a full pre-season. Participants were 9 male top-class professional football players (25 ± 5 years; 74 ± 8 kg; 177 ± 8 cm). The following variables were measured: training session duration (min), average heart rate (bpm), total distance (m), distance covered per minute (m/min), the total number of accelerations > 2.5 m/s2, number of accelerations > 2.5 m/s2 per minute, average distance of accelerations (m), the average value of acceleration (m/s2). One-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the variance of all evaluated variables. No differences were found in the average accelerations (m/s2) (0.128) among all the training formats. Moderate differences were found in number of accelerations > 2.5 m/s2 per minute (η2 = 0.396, moderate effect) and average distance of accelerations (η2 = 0.545). Strong differences were found in HR (η2 = 0.788, large effect), total distance (η2 = 0.797, strong effect), distance per minute (η2 = 0.775 strong effect), total number of accelerations > 2.5 m/s2 (η2 = 0.699 strong effect). Significant correlations were found just for the number of accelerations > 2.5 m/s2 and the number of accelerations > 2.5 m/s2 per minute with the 4v4, 8v8 and the FM (r = 0.828–0.890, r2 = 69% – 79%; p < 0.01). External and internal loads differ across different SSGs and a FM during the pre-season training sessions.

Mobile Charging Strategy for Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

In a wireless sensor network, the sensing and data transmission for sensors will cause energy depletion, which will lead to the inability to complete the tasks. To solve this problem, wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) have been developed to extend the lifetime of the entire network. In WRSNs, a mobile charging robot (MR) is responsible for wireless charging each sensor battery and collecting sensory data from the sensor simultaneously. Thereby, MR needs to traverse along a designed path for all sensors in the WRSNs. In this paper, dual-side charging strategies are proposed for MR traversal planning, which minimize the MR traversal path length, energy consumption, and completion time. Based on MR dual-side charging, neighboring sensors in both sides of a designated path can be wirelessly charged by MR and sensory data sent to MR simultaneously. The constructed path is based on the power diagram according to the remaining power of sensors and distances among sensors in a WRSN. While the power diagram is built, charging strategies with dual-side charging capability are determined accordingly. In addition, a clustering-based approach is proposed to improve minimizing MR moving total distance, saving charging energy and total completion time in a round. Moreover, integrated strategies that apply a clustering-based approach on the dual-side charging strategies are presented in WRSNs. The simulation results show that, no matter with or without clustering, the performances of proposed strategies outperform the baseline strategies in three respects, energy saving, total distance reduced, and completion time reduced for MR in WSRNs.

A Novel Path Planning Optimization Algorithm Based on Particle Swarm Optimization for UAVs for Bird Monitoring and Repelling

Bird damage to fruit crops causes significant monetary losses to farmers annually. The application of traditional bird repelling methods such as bird cannons and tree netting become inefficient in the long run, requiring high maintenance and reducing mobility. Due to their versatility, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can be beneficial to solve this problem. However, due to their low battery capacity that equals low flight duration, it is necessary to evolve path planning optimization. A novel path planning optimization algorithm of UAVs based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is presented in this paper. This path planning optimization algorithm aims to manage the drone’s distance and flight time, applying optimization and randomness techniques to overcome the disadvantages of the traditional systems. The proposed algorithm’s performance was tested in three study cases: two of them in simulation to test the variation of each parameter and one in the field to test the influence on battery management and height influence. All cases were tested in the three possible situations: same incidence rate, different rates, and different rates with no bird damage to fruit crops. The field tests were also essential to understand the algorithm’s behavior of the path planning algorithm in the UAV, showing that there is less efficiency with fewer points of interest, but this does not correlate with the flight time. In addition, there is no association between the maximum horizontal speed and the flight time, which means that the function to calculate the total distance for path planning needs to be adjusted. Thus, the proposed algorithm presents promising results with an outstanding reduced average error in the total distance for the path planning obtained and low execution time, being suited for this and other applications.

ANALYSIS OF HIGH-SPEEDRUNNING AND SPRINT RUNNING IN ELITE FEMALE FOOTBALL COMPETITIONS

Introduction: Although football is recognized as the fastest growing sport globally, scientific literature on female footballis still limited. Available published data in understanding the physical demands of female football players have described the necessity of a high level of physical conditioning during matches with average heart rates of 84-86% maximum heart rate and an average of 9.1-11.9 km in total distance covered in the running. The most commonly utilized physical performance measures reported are high-speed running (19km/h-23km/h) and sprinting (>23 km/h). A better understanding of football's physical, technical and tactical demands has resulted from investigations of both training and matches by wearing a global positioning system unit.Objective: This study aimed to assess the running speed and the proportions of different types of running during official competitions in elite female football players.Material and Method: A total of 22 female players (16 seniors and six juniors) that are part of a Romanian First League female football team -Politehnica Timisoara, have been monitored for running speed and covered distance in 6 official matches, which represent a quarter of the championship period. The assessment period was ten weeks (August-October 2021). The monitored parameters (total distance, distance/minute, low speed running, high speed running, sprint running, and maximum speed) wereobtained using K-Sport GPS with a high sampling rate of 50 Hz.Results: During the six analyzed matches the following average values were found: total covered distance -7906.33 ± 1176.68 m, distance/minute -90.83 ± 3.72 m/min, low-speed running distance-7598.50 ± 1102.16 m, high-speed running distance -308 ± 101.31 m, sprint running distance -69.50 ± 28.54 m, and maximum speed -25.13 ± 0.84 km/h.Conclusion: Regarding the monitored parameters (total distance, average speed, proportion of different speed running, maximum speed), we observed a constancy between different matches. During female football matches, high-speed running and sprinting covered 4.77% of the total distance. Based on this data, a future training objective would be the enhancement of this percentage in order to optimize the key moments of the matches.

Solusi Optimal Pencarian Jalur Tercepat Menggunakan Algoritma Dijkstra Untuk Mencari Lokasi Cafe Di Bumiayu

The purpose of this study are (1) to represent the route of café location in Bumiayu in the form of graph, (2) To find a solution from the application of the Dijkstra’s algorithm to find location of café in Bumiayu, and (3) To find the recommended fastest route. The method used in this research is literature study, data collection, problem solving, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that (1) the route of café location in Bumiayu could be represented in the form of a graph, (2) the solution was found the implementation of Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the fastest route for the café location in Bumiayu, and (3) the recommended fastest route was obtained from the starting point (v32) to 14 café locations in Bumiayu (v1,v2,v3,v5,v7,v8,v9,v10,v12,v16,v19,v23,v27,v30). There are 13 café locations that match the recommended fastest route based on the calculation of Dijkstra’s algorithm. The route from starting point (v32) to due café (v9) is one example that Dijkstra’s algorithm does not always choose the smallest weight on each side but chooses the fastest route based on the total distance traveled. There is a discrepancy in the recommended fastest route from starting point (v32) to ratawit (v19). Keywords: Dijkstra, fastest route, optimal solution

Position-specific physical and technical demands during the 2019 COPA America Football tournament

Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the physical and technical characteristics of football players according to specific playing positions at the 2019 COPA America tournament. Methods: A total of 180 match observations from 13 games were monitored using the InStat tracking system. Players were grouped into the following five playing positions: central defenders (n = 45), wide defenders (n = 46), central midfielders (n = 50), wide midfielders (n = 17), and forwards (n = 22). Results: Descriptive statistics (means ± standard deviations) and a one-way analysis of variance were used to analyse the data. Findings showed the total distance covered by central midfielders (10553 ± 763) was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than central defenders (9226 ± 720 m; ES: 1.79), wide defenders (9929 ± 633 m; ES: 0.89) and forwards (9383 ± 820 m; ES: 1.45). Wide midfielders (214 ± 170 m), wide defenders (152 ± 199 m) and forwards (138 ± 94 m) covered greater distances sprinting than central defenders (67 ± 42 m; ES: 1.19, 0.59, 0.98) and central midfielders (91 ± 66 m; ES: 0.95, 0.41, 0.58). Concerning technical variables, central midfielders played significantly more passes compared to players in other playing positions (p < 0.01). In relation to crossing, wide defenders completed significantly more crosses than players in other positions (p < 0.01). Conclusion: These findings have direct implications for tailoring tactics so players can meet the physical and technical demands of the game.

Videogrammetric Verification of Accuracy of Wearable Sensors Used in Kiteboarding

Owing to the combination of windsurfing, snowboarding, wakeboarding, and paragliding, kiteboarding has gained an enormous number of fans worldwide. Enthusiasts compete to achieve the maximum height and length of jumps, speed, or total distance travelled. Several commercially available systems have been developed to measure these parameters. However, practice shows that the accuracy of the implemented sensors is debatable. In this study, we examined the accuracy of jump heights determined by sensors WOO2 and WOO3, and the Surfr app installed on an Apple iPhone SE 2016, compared to a combination of videogrammetric and geodetic measurements. These measurements were performed using four cameras located on the shore of the Danube River at Šamorín, Slovakia. The videogrammetrically-determined accuracy of jump heights was 0.03–0.09 m. This can be considered a reference for comparing the accuracy of off-the-shelf systems. The results show that all of the systems compared tend to overestimate jump heights, including an increase in error with increasing jump height. For jumps over 5 m, the deviations reached more than 20% of the actual jump height.

Contextual Variables Affect Running Performance in Professional Soccer Players: A Brief Report

This study aimed to investigate the effects of contextual variables on running performance in Brazilian professional soccer players. Twenty male players from one club participating in the 1st Division of the Brazilian soccer championship were analyzed during 35 matches. Global Positioning System was used to determine total distance (TD) covered, distance covered and actions in high intensity and sprinting, and the number of accelerations, and decelerations. The independent variables used were match location, match outcome, opposition ranking, change of head coach, and distance traveled to play the matches. Total distance was higher in a way than home matches (9,712 vs. 9,533 m; p ≤ 0.05), and losses than draws and wins (9,846 vs. 9,400 vs. 9,551 m; p ≤ 0.05), whereas distance in sprinting was higher in draws than losses (203 vs. 175 m; p ≤ 0.01). Changing the head coach during the season resulted in overall lower distance covered in high intensity, sprinting, high-intensity actions (p ≤ 0.01), and decelerations (p ≤ 0.05). Higher values for distance covered in sprinting and high intensity were found in matches without travel compared to those with long-travel (p ≤ 0.05). Overall, running performance was affected by the location, match outcome, change of head coach, and distance traveled during the season.