Children Are Less Susceptible to Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage than Adults: A Preliminary Investigation

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M.C. Soares ◽  
Paulo Mota ◽  
José A. Duarte ◽  
Hans J. Appell
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether children showed similar signs of muscle overuse like adults after intense exercise. One child group (n = 10) and one adult group (n = 10) of males both had to perform five series of bench press exercises at an intensity of 80% of maximum strength until exhaustion. Maximum isometric strength, subjective perception of muscle pain, was measured before, immediately after, 48 hr, 72 hr, and 1 week after the exercise. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was measured before, 48 hr, 72 hr, and 1 week after the exercise. The adults showed all symptoms of muscle overuse: reduced strength, muscle pain, and elevated CK activities until 3 days after the exercise. In contrast, the children experienced only some light muscle pain, but neither showed reduced strength nor elevated CK activities. It is concluded that children’s muscles can easier withstand physical stress than adult muscles.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pro-Regenerative Effects of Carbohydrates and Protein Administrated by Shake and Non-Macro-Nutrient Matched Food Items on the Skeletal Muscle after Acute Endurance Exercise

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Isenmann ◽  
Franziska Blume ◽  
Daniel Bizjak ◽  
Vera Hundsdörfer ◽  
Sarah Pagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Exercise Induced

Physical performance and regeneration after exercise is enhanced by the ingestion of proteins and carbohydrates. These nutrients are generally consumed by athletes via whey protein and glucose-based shakes. In this study, effects of protein and carbohydrate on skeletal muscle regeneration, given either by shake or by a meal, were compared. 35 subjects performed a 10 km run. After exercise, they ingested nothing (control), a protein/glucose shake (shake) or a combination of white bread and sour milk cheese (food) in a randomized cross over design. Serum glucose (n = 35), serum insulin (n = 35), serum creatine kinase (n = 15) and myoglobin (n = 15), hematologic parameters, cortisol (n = 35), inflammation markers (n = 27) and leg strength (n = 15) as a functional marker were measured. Insulin secretion was significantly stimulated by shake and food. In contrast, only shake resulted in an increase of blood glucose. Food resulted in a decrease of pro, and stimulation of anti-inflammatory serum markers. The exercise induced skeletal muscle damage, indicated by serum creatine kinase and myoglobin, and exercise induced loss of leg strength was decreased by shake and food. Our data indicate that uptake of protein and carbohydrate by shake or food reduces exercise induced skeletal muscle damage and has pro-regenerative effects.

Age-Related Variations of Serum CK and CK MB Response in Females

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Arnett ◽  
Richard Hyslop ◽  
Carolyn A. Dennehy ◽  
Carole M. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Exercise Induced

The objective was to determine whether serum creatine kinase (CK) and serum CK MB activity following exercise-induced muscle damage activity differs among females of varying menarchial status and to determine whether there is a relationship between serum estradiol (E2) concentration, CK, and CK MB activity. Fifteen menarchial (M), 15 premenarchial (P), and 10 postmenopausal (PM) females participated in the study. Exercise consisted of eccentric hamstring contractions. Estradiol concentrations were significantly higher in M women (p = .0001; M, 125.0 ± 20.8 pg/mL, P, 54.6 ± 38.6 pg/mL, PM, 46.2 ± 34.6 pg/mL). Menarchial women had lower resting CK and CK MB activity and responded with a higher efflux of CK and CK MB post exercise (p = .0001). An inverse relationship was found between E2 concentration and baseline CK (p = .02) and CK MB activity (p = .006). No relationship existed between post exercise efflux of CK and CK MB and E2 concentration. At rest, E2 influenced CK and CK MB activity across menarchial levels. However, E2 did not significantly reduce the level of CK and CK MB activity following this intense bout of eccentric exercise. Key words: exercise-induced muscle damage, estradiol, menarhial, premenarchial, postmenopausal

Investigation of serum creatine kinase variability after muscle-damaging exercise

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla M. Clarkson ◽  
Cara Ebbeling
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Exercise Induced

1. The present study examined if the presence of creatine kinase (CK) inhibitors might explain the large variability in blood levels of CK among subjects after exercise-induced muscle damage. 2. Twenty-four women performed an eccentric exercise with the forearm flexors and were then classified as no CK responders, low CK responders and high CK responders. High CK responders repeated the exercise two weeks later (bout two). 3. Sera from high CK responders were mixed with sera from no CK responders or low CK responders. Also, serum from high CK responders obtained after bout one was mixed with the same subject's serum from after bout two. 4. In all cases, the differences between the expected and observed CK activity for the mixes were within the expected variability for the assay. 5. Although CK inhibitors have been previously observed in sera from patients with muscle injury or disease, we were unable to demonstrate the presence of CK inhibitors in the sera from subjects who showed evidence of exercise-induced muscle damage.

Relationship between serum creatine kinase activity following exercise-induced muscle damage and muscle fibre composition

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Magal ◽  
Charles L. Dumke ◽  
Zea G. Urbiztondo ◽  
Michael J. Cavill ◽  
N. Travis Triplett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Fibre Composition ◽  
Muscle Fibre Composition ◽  
Exercise Induced

Plasma creatine kinase activity and exercise-induced muscle damage in older men

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1028???1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS G. MANFREDI ◽  
ROGER A. FIELDING ◽  
KEVIN P. O??REILLY ◽  
CAROL N. MEREDITH ◽  
HO YONG LEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Plasma Creatine Kinase ◽  
Plasma Creatine Kinase Activity

Enzymatic estimation of skeletal muscle damage by analysis of changes in serum creatine kinase

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 2598-2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Apple ◽  
M. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Myocardial Infarct ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Myocardial Infarct Size ◽  
Distribution Space ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Theoretical Results

Skeletal muscle damage size (SMDS) was assessed in 35 women and 34 men runners after a 42.2-km race using a method developed for estimation of myocardial infarct size. SMDS was computed according to the following equation: SMDS = (BW) (K) (CKr), where BW is body weight, K is a constant, and CKr is the cumulative amount of creatine kinase (CK) released over time. The method takes into account CK distribution space, fractional disappearance rate of CK, proportion of CK degraded in skeletal muscle, and proportion of CK released into the circulation. Assumptions are made regarding the relative amount of CK lost from skeletal muscle into the circulation. The SMDS in men, 808 +/- 1,229 (SD) CK g-eq was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than in women, 160 +/- 147 (SD) CK g-eq. The ranges of SMDS (CK g-eq) were 23-5,397 in men and 7-624 in women. A significant difference (P less than 0.05) also remained after correction for body surface area; men 432 +/- 583 (SD), women 100 +/- 63 (SD) CK g-eq/m2. In men and women, no significant correlation existed between SMDS and age or marathon finish time. Although relatively theoretical, results indicate that greater skeletal muscle damage occurred in men vs. women runners after a marathon. Whether the release of CK from skeletal muscle is the result of irreversible and/or reversible injury has not yet been determined.

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