scholarly journals Ultrafast sub–30-fs all-optical switching based on gallium phosphide

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. eaaw3262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Grinblat ◽  
Michael P. Nielsen ◽  
Paul Dichtl ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Rupert F. Oulton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Phosphide ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Nonlinearity ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
All Optical ◽  
All Optical Switching

Gallium phosphide (GaP) is one of the few available materials with strong optical nonlinearity and negligible losses in the visible (λ > 450 nm) and near-infrared regime. In this work, we demonstrate that a GaP film can generate sub–30-fs (full width at half maximum) transmission modulation of up to ~70% in the 600- to 1000-nm wavelength range. Nonlinear simulations using parameters measured by theZ-scan approach indicate that the transmission modulation arises from the optical Kerr effect and two-photon absorption. Because of the absence of linear absorption, no slower free-carrier contribution is detected. These findings place GaP as a promising ultrafast material for all-optical switching at modulation speeds of up to 20 THz.

scholarly journals Efficient ultrafast all-optical modulation in a nonlinear crystalline gallium phosphide nanodisk at the anapole excitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (34) ◽  
pp. eabb3123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Grinblat ◽  
Haizhong Zhang ◽  
Michael P. Nielsen ◽  
Leonid Krivitsky ◽  
Rodrigo Berté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Phosphide ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Optical Modulation ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Differential Reflectivity

High–refractive index nanostructured dielectrics have the ability to locally enhance electromagnetic fields with low losses while presenting high third-order nonlinearities. In this work, we exploit these characteristics to achieve efficient ultrafast all-optical modulation in a crystalline gallium phosphide (GaP) nanoantenna through the optical Kerr effect (OKE) and two-photon absorption (TPA) in the visible/near-infrared range. We show that an individual GaP nanodisk can yield differential reflectivity modulations of up to ~40%, with characteristic modulation times between 14 and 66 fs, when probed at the anapole excitation (AE). Numerical simulations reveal that the AE represents a unique condition where both the OKE and TPA contribute with the same modulation sign, maximizing the response. These findings highly outperform previous reports on sub–100-fs all-optical switching from resonant nanoscale dielectrics, which have demonstrated modulation depths no larger than 0.5%, placing GaP nanoantennas as a promising choice for ultrafast all-optical modulation at the nanometer scale.

scholarly journals All-optical-switching demonstration using two-photon absorption and the Zeno effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Hendrickson ◽  
C. N. Weiler ◽  
R. M. Camacho ◽  
P. T. Rakich ◽  
A. I. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Switching ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Zeno Effect ◽  
All Optical ◽  
All Optical Switching

Two-photon absorption as a limitation to all-optical switching

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Mizrahi ◽  
M. A. Saifi ◽  
M. J. Andrejco ◽  
K. W. DeLong ◽  
G. I. Stegeman
Keyword(s):  
Optical Switching ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
All Optical ◽  
All Optical Switching

scholarly journals Off-Resonance Control and All-Optical Switching: Expanded Dimensions in Nonlinear Optics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4252 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Bradshaw ◽  
Kayn A. Forbes ◽  
David L. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Optical Switching ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Optical Nonlinearity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
All Optical ◽  
All Optical Switching

The theory of non-resonant optical processes with intrinsic optical nonlinearity, such as harmonic generation, has been widely understood since the advent of the laser. In general, such effects involve multiphoton interactions that change the population of each input optical mode or modes. However, nonlinear effects can also arise through the input of an off-resonant laser beam that itself emerges unchanged. Many such effects have been largely overlooked. Using a quantum electrodynamical framework, this review provides detail on such optically nonlinear mechanisms that allow for a controlled increase or decrease in the intensity of linear absorption and fluorescence and in the efficiency of resonance energy transfer. The rate modifications responsible for these effects were achieved by the simultaneous application of an off-resonant beam with a moderate intensity, acting in a sense as an optical catalyst, conferring a new dimension of optical nonlinearity upon photoactive materials. It is shown that, in certain configurations, these mechanisms provide the basis for all-optical switching, i.e., the control of light-by-light, including an optical transistor scheme. The conclusion outlines other recently proposed all-optical switching systems.

Material Requirements For All-Optical Devices:Nonlinear Properties of Poly-4BCMU

1991 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Stegeman ◽  
W. Torruellas ◽  
K. B. Rochford ◽  
R. Zanoni ◽  
W. Krug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Nonlinear Phase Shift ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
Absorption Length ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Nonlinear Phase ◽  
All Optical

The non-resonant third order nonlinearity of conjugated polymers appears to be potentially useful for all-optical devices in waveguide formats.[l,2] This nonlinearity manifests itself as an intensity-dependent refractive index which leads to a nonlinear phase shift over some propagation distance. Device research over the last few years has shown that there are certain minimum requirements for the nonlinear phase shift that need to be achieved over one absorption length of the material.[l,3] There are two principal sources of absorption, the usual linear absorption which is independent of fluence, and two photon absorption for which the absorption scales linearly with intensity. Thus the usefulness of a nonlinear material for all-optical switching devices can be evaluated from a limited number of material parameters, namely n2 (in n = n0 + n2I where I is the local intensity), α0 which is the low power absorption coefficient and β which is the two photon coefficient (in α = α0 + βI). The problem for a given material is to identify spectral regions over which the minimum required phase shift can be achieved.

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