scholarly journals Environmental exposure enhances the internalization of microplastic particles into cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (50) ◽  
pp. eabd1211
Author(s):  
A. F. R. M. Ramsperger ◽  
V. K. B. Narayana ◽  
W. Gross ◽  
J. Mohanraj ◽  
M. Thelakkat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Cellular Internalization ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Huge Variety ◽  
Functionalized Particles

Microplastic particles ubiquitously found in the environment are ingested by a huge variety of organisms. Subsequently, microplastic particles can translocate from the gastrointestinal tract into the tissues likely by cellular internalization. The reason for cellular internalization is unknown, since this has only been shown for specifically surface-functionalized particles. We show that environmentally exposed microplastic particles were internalized significantly more often than pristine microplastic particles into macrophages. We identified biomolecules forming an eco-corona on the surface of microplastic particles, suggesting that environmental exposure promotes the cellular internalization of microplastics. Our findings further indicate that cellular internalization is a key route by which microplastic particles translocate into tissues, where they may cause toxicological effects that have implications for the environment and human health.

Pesticides driven pollution in Kuwait: The first evidence of environmental exposure to pesticides in soils and human health risk assessment

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 129688
Author(s):  
Hassan Alshemmari ◽  
Abdulaziz E. Al-Shareedah ◽  
Smitha Rajagopalan ◽  
Lina Ali Talebi ◽  
Mariam Hajeyah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Human Health Risk Assessment

EU Perspectives on Food, Gastrointestinal Tract Functionality, and Human Health

2005 ◽  
pp. 309-340
Author(s):  
Maria Saarela ◽  
Liisa Lähteenmäki ◽  
Tiina Mattila-Sandholm
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Health

scholarly journals Inorganic Nanoparticles: Toxic Effects, Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity and Phytochemical Interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Bhatti ◽  
Hadia Shakeel ◽  
Kousar Malik ◽  
Muhammad Qasim ◽  
Mohsin Ahmad Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Nanoparticles Toxicity

During the last few decades, nanotechnology has gained many applications in almost all fields of life because of the unique properties of nanoparticles. Nanotechnology has specially marked its name in the field of medicine. However, nanoparticles toxicity is detrimental to human health and is a prime concern in applied medicine. They can cause insomnia, vertigo, madarosis, epistaxis, hypokalemia, lymphopenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, etc. There is a gap in knowledge regarding the study of the toxicological effects of nanoparticles. Mechanisms that are responsible for this toxicity are not fully understood yet. Phytochemicals have natural therapeutic effects of reducing metal nanoparticles' toxicity by acting as stabilizers and nontoxic reducing agents. However, the interaction between phytochemicals and nanoparticles is remained to be elucidated. This review will provide in-depth knowledge about the various types of inorganic nanoparticles and their associated toxicities, key parameters determining the toxic behaviour of nanoparticles, and the mechanisms behind their cytotoxicity. It also emphasizes the need for further research to understand the interaction between various phytochemicals and nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes.

Sources and toxicological effects of lead on human health

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuntal Manna ◽  
Bikash Debnath ◽  
WaikhomSomraj Singh
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Toxicological Effects

scholarly journals Polyphenols by Generating H2O2, Affect Cell Redox Signaling, Inhibit PTPs and Activate Nrf2 Axis for Adaptation and Cell Surviving: In Vitro, In Vivo and Human Health

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kanner
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Blood System ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
End Products

Human health benefits from different polyphenols molecules consumption in the diet, derived mainly by their common activities in the gastrointestinal tract and at the level of blood micro-capillary. In the stomach, intestine and colon, polyphenols act as reducing agents preventing lipid peroxidation, generation and absorption of AGEs/ALEs (advanced glycation end products/advanced lipid oxidation end products) and postprandial oxidative stress. The low absorption of polyphenols in blood does not support their activity as antioxidants and their mechanism of activity is not fully understood. The results are from in vitro, animal and human studies, detected by relevant oxidative stress markers. The review carries evidences that polyphenols, by generating H2O2 at nM concentration, exogenous to cells and organs, act as activators of signaling factors increasing cell Eustress. When polyphenols attain high concentration in the blood system, they generate H2O2 at µM concentration, acting as cytotoxic agents and Distress. Pre-treatment of cells or organisms with polyphenols, by generating H2O2 at low levels, inhibits cellular PTPs (protein tyrosine phosphatases), inducing cell signaling through transcription of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) axis of adaptation and protection to oxidation stress. Polyphenols ingestion at the right amount and time during the meal acts synergistically at the level of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and blood system, for keeping the redox homeostasis in our organism and better balancing human health.

scholarly journals Fusarium mycotoxins and human health

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Daily Intakes

Fusariummycotoxins and human healthSpecies within the genusFusariumproduce a diverse range of mycotoxins, many of which have significant impacts on human health. Of the five generally recognised major mycotoxins, three (fumonisins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON)) are produced by Fusaria. Apart from DON, other trichothecenes such as T-2 toxin, have received considerable international attention due to their impact on human health. The fumonisins, which occur ubiquitously in maize and its products, have been linked to oesophageal cancer, liver cancer and neural tube defects. DON, a frequent contaminant of maize, wheat and their products, although showing no carcinogenic potential, is immunomodulatory and produces emesis and growth retardation in animals. ZON is a naturally occurring endocrine disrupting chemical. Acute exposure to these mycotoxins has in each case been linked to outbreaks of human disease - gastro-intestinal effects in the case of fumonisins and DON, and precocious pubertal changes in the case of ZON. Concern over their toxicological effects has led to risk assessments by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), which has set maximum tolerable daily intakes (TDI) of 2 μg/ kg body weight (bw) for fumonisins and 0.5 μg/kg bw for ZON. The initial TDI set for DON, namely 1 μg/kg bw has recently been updated by JECFA to include both 3 - and 15-acetylDON. Apart from the above mycotoxins, a number of other secondary metabolites (moniliformin, beauvericin and fusaproliferin) are produced by different Fusaria and their effects on human health, either alone or in combination with other mycotoxins, is largely unexplored.

scholarly journals Mapping allergenic pollen vegetation in UK to study environmental exposure and human health

2017 ◽  
Vol 599-600 ◽  
pp. 483-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel N. McInnes ◽  
Deborah Hemming ◽  
Peter Burgess ◽  
Donna Lyndsay ◽  
Nicholas J. Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Allergenic Pollen

scholarly journals Role of Tyramine Synthesis by Food-BorneEnterococcus duransin Adaptation to the Gastrointestinal Tract Environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Fernández de Palencia ◽  
Maria Fernández ◽  
Maria Luz Mohedano ◽  
Victor Ladero ◽  
Cristina Quevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Enterococcus Durans

ABSTRACTBiogenic amines in food constitute a human health risk. Here we report that tyramine-producingEnterococcus duransstrain IPLA655 (from cheese) was able to produce tyramine under conditions simulating transit through the gastrointestinal tract. Activation of the tyramine biosynthetic pathway contributed to binding and immunomodulation of enterocytes.

Human health perspective of environmental exposure to hydrazines: A review

Chemosphere ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangadhar Choudhary ◽  
Hugh Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Exposure
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