Medical and Veterinary Entomology: A Textbook for use in Schools and Colleges, as well as a Handbook for the use of Physicians, Veterinarians and Public Health Officials

: Italy was the first western nation affected by the pandemic and was observed as a pilot case in the management of the new coronavirus epidemic. The outbreak of COVID-19 disease has been very difficult in Italy, on June 25, 2020 there are 239,821 total cases of which 33,592 deaths nationwide. Three lessons emerged from this experience that can serve as a blueprint to improve future plans for the outbreak of viruses. First, early reports on the spread of COVID-19 can help inform public health officials and medical practitioners in effort to combat its progression; second, inadequate risk assessment related to the urgency of the situation and limited reporting to the virus has led the rapid spread of COVID-19; third, an effective response to the virus had to be undertaken with coherent system of actions and simultaneously.

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Communications and Politics

10.1093/oso/9780190697211.003.0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua M. Sharfstein

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Disease Control ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Political Judgment ◽

Political Leaders ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Public Health Crisis ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Public Health Officials ◽

Centers For Disease Control

An effective communications approach starts with a basic dictum set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: “Be first, be right, be credible.” Agencies must establish themselves as vital sources of accurate information to maintain the public’s trust. At the same time, public health officials must recognize that communications play out in the context of ideological debates, electoral rivalries, and other political considerations. During a public health crisis, this means that health officials often need to constructively engage political leaders in communications and management. Navigating these waters in the middle of a crisis can be treacherous. Figuring out the best way to engage elected leaders is a core aspect of political judgment.

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Postexposure Interventions to Prevent Infection With HBV, HCV, or HIV, and Tetanus in People Wounded During Bombings and Other Mass Casualty Events—United States, 2008: Recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1097/dmp.0b013e318187ac66 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 150-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Louisa E. Chapman ◽

Ernest E. Sullivent ◽

Lisa A. Grohskopf ◽

Elise M. Beltrami ◽

Joseph F. Perz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Disease Control ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Mass Casualty ◽

Acute Injury ◽

Mass Casualties ◽

Public Health Preparedness ◽

Mass Casualty Event ◽

Public Health Officials ◽

Centers For Disease Control

ABSTRACTPeople wounded during bombings or other events resulting in mass casualties or in conjunction with the resulting emergency response may be exposed to blood, body fluids, or tissue from other injured people and thus be at risk for bloodborne infections such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, or tetanus. This report adapts existing general recommendations on the use of immunization and postexposure prophylaxis for tetanus and for occupational and nonoccupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens to the specific situation of a mass casualty event. Decisions regarding the implementation of prophylaxis are complex, and drawing parallels from existing guidelines is difficult. For any prophylactic intervention to be implemented effectively, guidance must be simple, straightforward, and logistically undemanding. Critical review during development of this guidance was provided by representatives of the National Association of County and City Health Officials, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, and representatives of the acute injury care, trauma, and emergency response medical communities participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Terrorism Injuries: Information, Dissemination and Exchange project. The recommendations contained in this report represent the consensus of US federal public health officials and reflect the experience and input of public health officials at all levels of government and the acute injury response community. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:150–165)

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Unresolved Issues in Controlling the Tuberculosis Epidemic Among the Foreign-Born in the United States

American Journal of Law & Medicine ◽

10.1017/s009885880001193x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 503-536

Author(s):

Guido S. Weber

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

The United States ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Treatment Programs ◽

State Governments ◽

Foreign Born ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Department Of Health ◽

Public Health Officials ◽

Year 2000

Tuberculosis (TB), “the world’s most neglected health crisis,” has returned after decades of decline, but has only gradually caught the attention of governments as a formidable threat to public health. By 1984, when TB cases hit an all-time low, federal and state governments stopped supporting the medical infrastructure that once served to contain the disease. State officials around the nation began dismantling laboratory research programs and closing TB clinics and sanitoria. Since 1985, however, TB rates have steadily increased to 26,673 reported cases in 1992, and some have estimated that by the year 2000, there could be a twenty percent increase. By 1993, Congress, realizing that TB could pose a major public health threat, allocated over $100 million to the Department of Health and Human Services for TB prevention and treatment programs. Those funds, however, were sorely needed years before and amounted to only a fraction of what public health officials believe necessary to control TB today.

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Willingness of Greek general population to get a COVID-19 vaccine

Global Health Research and Policy ◽

10.1186/s41256-021-00188-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Georgia Kourlaba ◽

Eleni Kourkouni ◽

Stefania Maistreli ◽

Christina-Grammatiki Tsopela ◽

Nafsika-Maria Molocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

General Population ◽

Data Collection ◽

Sample Size ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Control Measures ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Public Health Officials ◽

To Receive

Abstract Background Epidemiological data indicate that a large part of population needs to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity. Hence, it is of high importance for public health officials to know whether people are going to get vaccinated for COVID-19. The objective of the present study was to examine the willingness of adult residents in Greece to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A cross-sectional was survey conducted among the adult general population of Greece between April 28, 2020 to May 03, 2020 (last week of lockdown), using a mixed methodology for data collection: Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and Computer Assisted web Interviewing (CAWI). Using a sample size calculator, the target sample size was found to be around 1000 respondents. To ensure a nationally representative sample of the urban/rural population according to the Greek census 2011, a proportionate stratified by region systematic sampling procedure was used to recruit particpants. Data collection was guided through a structured questionnaire. Regarding willingness to COVID-19 vaccination, participants were asked to answer the following question: “If there was a vaccine available for the novel coronavirus, would you do it?” Results Of 1004 respondents only 57.7% stated that they are going to get vaccinated for COVID-19. Respondents aged > 65 years old, those who either themselves or a member of their household belonged to a vulnerable group, those believing that the COVID-19 virus was not developed in laboratories by humans, those believing that coronavirus is far more contagious and lethal compared to the H1N1 virus, and those believing that next waves are coming were statistically significantly more likely to be willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Higher knowledge score regarding symptoms, transmission routes and prevention and control measures against COVID-19 was significantly associated with higher willingness of respondents to get vaccinated. Conclusion A significant proportion of individuals in the general population are unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, stressing the need for public health officials to take immediate awareness-raising measures.

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