scholarly journals VISTA is a checkpoint regulator for naïve T cell quiescence and peripheral tolerance

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (6475) ◽  
pp. eaay0524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. ElTanbouly ◽  
Yanding Zhao ◽  
Elizabeth Nowak ◽  
Jiannan Li ◽  
Evelien Schaafsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Peripheral Tolerance ◽  
Cell Immune Response ◽  
Naive T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cell ◽  
Naive T Cell

Negative checkpoint regulators (NCRs) temper the T cell immune response to self-antigens and limit the development of autoimmunity. Unlike all other NCRs that are expressed on activated T lymphocytes, V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is expressed on naïve T cells. We report an unexpected heterogeneity within the naïve T cell compartment in mice, where loss of VISTA disrupted the major quiescent naïve T cell subset and enhanced self-reactivity. Agonistic VISTA engagement increased T cell tolerance by promoting antigen-induced peripheral T cell deletion. Although a critical player in naïve T cell homeostasis, the ability of VISTA to restrain naïve T cell responses was lost under inflammatory conditions. VISTA is therefore a distinctive NCR of naïve T cells that is critical for steady-state maintenance of quiescence and peripheral tolerance.

scholarly journals IL-4-induced hysteresis in naïve T cell activation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre P. Meli ◽  
Yaqiu Wang ◽  
Dimitri A. de Kouchkovsky ◽  
Yong Kong ◽  
Malay K. Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Naive T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cell ◽  
Naive T Cell

AbstractNaïve T cells are generally considered to be a homogeneous population, but for their unique T cell receptors (TCRs). Naïve T cells are activated within a specific cytokine milieu upon interaction with antigen-presenting cells through cognate TCR::MHC-peptide interaction and co-stimulation. Here we demonstrate that naïve T cells are transcriptionally heterogeneous, and that the relative proportions of transcriptionally distinct naïve T cell subpopulations are modified by immune responses, such as during helminth infection. Not only are cognate naïve T cells activated during an immune response, but the cytokine produced - such as IL-4 during helminth infection - changes the transcriptome of bystander naïve T cells. Such changes in gene expression and population level heterogeneity in bystander naïve T cells result in altered responses to a concurrent immune challenge, for instance, hypo-responsiveness to vaccination. Thus, naïve T cell activation is not the result of a singular temporal event, but is characterized by hysteresis. Our studies suggest that antigen-agnostic, cytokine-dependent naïve T cell conditioning and resulting hysteresis is a mechanism that integrates input signals from concurrent infections for the regulation of the overall magnitude of the immune response.

Interleukin-7–treated naive T cells can be productively infected by T-cell–adapted and primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus 1

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 3310-3318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Steffens ◽  
Elizabeth Z. Managlia ◽  
Alan Landay ◽  
Lena Al-Harthi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Naive T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
Interleukin 7 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Naïve T Cell ◽  
Naive T Cell

Abstract Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)gag/pol DNA can be detected in naive T cells, whether naive T cells can be productively infected by HIV is still questionable. Given that interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a prospective therapeutic immunomodulator for the treatment of HIV, we evaluated the effect of IL-7 on promoting naive T-cell infection of laboratory-adapted (IIIB), M-tropic, and primary isolates of HIV. Initially, we determined that the 3 cell surface markers widely used to identify naive T cells (CD45RA+CD45RO−, CD45RA+CD62L+, and CD45RO−CD27+CD95low) are all equivalent in T-cell receptor excision circle content, a marker for the replicative history of a cell as well as for de novo T cells. We therefore used CD45RA+CD45RO− expression to define naive T cells in this study. We demonstrate that although untreated or IL-2–treated naive T cells are not productively infected by HIV, IL-7 pretreatment mediated the productive infection of laboratory-adapted, M-tropic, and primary isolates of HIV as determined by p24 core antigen production. This up-regulation was between 8- and 58-fold, depending on the HIV isolate used. IL-7 pretreatment of naive T cells also potently up-regulated surface expression of CXCR4 but not CCR5 and mediated the expansion of naive T cells without the acquisition of the primed CD45RO phenotype. Collectively, these data indicate that IL-7 augments naive T-cell susceptibility to HIV and that under the appropriate environmental milieu, naive T cells may be a source of HIV productive infection. This information needs to be considered in evaluating IL-7 as an immunomodulator for HIV-infected patients.

scholarly journals Frequencies of FoxP3+ naïve T cells are related to both viral load and naïve T cell proliferation responses in HIV disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benigno Rodriguez ◽  
Douglas A. Bazdar ◽  
Nicholas Funderburg ◽  
Robert Asaad ◽  
Angel A. Luciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Naive T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cell ◽  
Naive T Cell

Engineering Mesenchymal Cells with Interleukin 7 Gene: In Vitro Effects on Naive T Cell Population.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 5135-5135
Author(s):  
Paolo Sportoletti ◽  
Beatrice Del Papa ◽  
Mariangela De Ioanni ◽  
Lorenzo Moretti ◽  
Elisabetta Bonifacio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Naive T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
Interleukin 7 ◽  
Naïve T Cell ◽  
Naive T Cell

Abstract T cell homeostasis is regulated by several molecules among which Interleukin 7 (IL-7) plays an essential role for survival and homeostatic proliferation of peripheral naive T cells. In a previous study we demonstrated whether human mesenchymal cells could be engineered with IL-7 gene to produce functional level of this cytokine. Now we analysed the impact of different quantities of IL-7 produced by mesenchymal cells on survival and proliferation of a negative immunoselected naive (CD3+/CD45RA+) T cell population. Co-cultivation of peripheral naive T cells with mesenchymal cells producing low (16 pg/ml) or high (1000 pg/ml) IL-7 levels or in presence of exogenous IL-7 (0,01 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml) maintained the CD3+/CD45RA+ naive T cell phenotype. The chemokine receptor CCR7+ expression was also maintained among this T cell population. Naive T cell molecular characteristics were maintained as assessed by the Vβ spectratyping complexity score which shows the maintenance of a broad T cell repertoire. No Th1 or Th2 differentiation was observed as assessed by IFNγ or IL-4 accumulation. In contrast only mesenchymal cells producing high IL-7 amount caused increases in the activation (CD25 31.2%±12 vs 10%±3.5, p<0.05), proliferation (CD71 17.8±7% vs 9.3%±3, p<0.05), apoptosis (assessed by annexin V: 18.6%±5 vs 14.9%±2.6, p>0.05) and phase S cell cycle (15% vs 6.9%, p>0.05). Exogenous IL-7 did not exert any significant effect. In conclusion, we demonstrated that IL-7 produced by mesenchymal cells has a dose-independent effect on naive T cell survival while exerts a dose-dependent effect on activation/proliferation. Due to continuous production of IL-7 by engineered cells, our system emerge as more efficacious than the exogenous IL-7.

scholarly journals Conversion of Naive T Cells to a Memory-Like Phenotype in Lymphopenic Hosts Is Not Related to a Homeostatic Mechanism That Fills the Peripheral Naive T Cell Pool

2002 ◽  
Vol 168 (10) ◽  
pp. 5042-5046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Tanchot ◽  
Armelle Le Campion ◽  
Bruno Martin ◽  
Sandrine Léaument ◽  
Nicole Dautigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Naive T Cells ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanism ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
Cell Pool ◽  
Naïve T Cell ◽  
Naive T Cell

scholarly journals Extracellular adenosine regulates naive T cell development and peripheral maintenance

2013 ◽  
Vol 210 (12) ◽  
pp. 2693-2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caglar Cekic ◽  
Duygu Sag ◽  
Yuan-Ji Day ◽  
Joel Linden
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
T Cell Development ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Naive T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cell ◽  
Naive T Cell

Adenosine produced as a byproduct of metabolic activity is present in all tissues and produces dose-dependent suppression of TCR signaling. Naive T cell maintenance depends on inhibition of TCR signals by environmental sensors, which are yet to be fully defined. We produced mice with a floxed adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) gene, Adora2a, and show that either global A2AR deletion or cre-mediated T cell deletion elicits a decline in the number of naive but not memory T cells. A2AR signaling maintains naive T cells in a quiescent state by inhibiting TCR-induced activation of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–AKT pathway, thereby reducing IL-7Rα down-regulation and naive T cell apoptosis. Patterns of IL-7Rα expression on T cells in chimeric mice reconstituted with Adora2a+/+ and Adora2a−/− bone marrow cells suggest that decreased IL-7Rα in naive T cells is a cell-intrinsic consequence of Adora2a deletion. In addition, A2AR expression increases in early thymic T cell development and contributes to progression of double-negative thymic precursors to single-positive thymocytes with increased IL-7Rα expression. Therefore, A2AR signaling regulates T cell development and maintenance to sustain normal numbers of naive T cells in the periphery.

scholarly journals Cell generation dynamics underlying naïve T cell homeostasis in adult humans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff E. Mold ◽  
Pedro Réu ◽  
Axel Olin ◽  
Samuel Bernard ◽  
Jakob Michaëlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Turnover ◽  
Naive T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Naïve T Cell ◽  
Cd31 Expression ◽  
Naive T Cell

ABSTRACTThymic involution and proliferation of naive T cells both contribute to shaping the naive T cell repertoire as humans age, but a clear understanding of the roles of each throughout a human lifespan has been difficult to determine. By measuring nuclear bomb test-derived14C in genomic DNA we determined the turnover rates of CD4+and CD8+naïve T cell populations and defined their dynamics in healthy individuals ranging from 20-65 years of age. We demonstrate that naïve T cell generation decreases with age, and that this could be explained by a combination of declining cell loss, peripheral division and thymic production during adulthood. We investigated putative mechanisms underlying age-related changes in homeostatic regulation of naïve T cell turnover using mass cytometry to profile candidate signaling pathways involved in T cell activation and proliferation in CD4+naive T cells relative to CD31 expression, a marker of thymic proximity. We show that basal NF-κB phosphorylation inversely correlated with CD31 expression and thus is decreased in peripherally expanded naive T cell clones. Functionally we found that NF-κB signaling was essential for naive T cell proliferation to the homeostatic growth factor IL-7, and reduced NF-κB phosphorylation in CD4+CD31−naive T cells is linked to reduced homeostatic proliferation potential. Our results reveal an age-related decline in naïve T cell turnover as a putative regulator of naïve T cell diversity and identify a molecular pathway that restricts proliferation of peripherally expanded naive T cell clones that accumulate with age.

scholarly journals Defective respiration and one-carbon metabolism contribute to impaired naïve T cell activation in aged mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (52) ◽  
pp. 13347-13352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noga Ron-Harel ◽  
Giulia Notarangelo ◽  
Jonathan M. Ghergurovich ◽  
Joao A. Paulo ◽  
Peter T. Sage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Naïve T Cell ◽  
Naive T Cell

T cell-mediated immune responses are compromised in aged individuals, leading to increased morbidity and reduced response to vaccination. While cellular metabolism tightly regulates T cell activation and function, metabolic reprogramming in aged T cells has not been thoroughly studied. Here, we report a systematic analysis of metabolism during young versus aged naïve T cell activation. We observed a decrease in the number and activation of naïve T cells isolated from aged mice. While young T cells demonstrated robust mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration upon activation, aged T cells generated smaller mitochondria with lower respiratory capacity. Using quantitative proteomics, we defined the aged T cell proteome and discovered a specific deficit in the induction of enzymes of one-carbon metabolism. The activation of aged naïve T cells was enhanced by addition of products of one-carbon metabolism (formate and glycine). These studies define mechanisms of skewed metabolic remodeling in aged T cells and provide evidence that modulation of metabolism has the potential to promote immune function in aged individuals.

scholarly journals Dramatic increase in naive T cell turnover is linked to loss of naive T cells from old primates

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (50) ◽  
pp. 19960-19965 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cicin-Sain ◽  
I. Messaoudi ◽  
B. Park ◽  
N. Currier ◽  
S. Planer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Turnover ◽  
Naive T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cell ◽  
Naive T Cell

Development of an Improved T-cell Assay to Assess the Intrinsic Immunogenicity of Haptenic Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monday O Ogese ◽  
Joel Watkinson ◽  
Adam Lister ◽  
Lee Faulkner ◽  
Andrew Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
Drug Hypersensitivity ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Naive T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cell ◽  
Naive T Cell

Abstract The prediction of drug hypersensitivity is difficult due to the lack of appropriate models and known risk factors. In vitro naïve T-cell priming assays that assess immunogenicity have been developed. However, their application is limited due requirements for 2 batches of autologous dendritic cells (DC) and inconsistent results; a consequence of single well readouts when exploring reactions where compound-specific T-cell frequency is undefined. Hence, we aimed to develop an improved, but simplified assay, termed the T-cell multiple well assay (T-MWA), that permits assessment of drug-specific activation of naïve T cells, alongside analysis of the strength of the induced response and the number of cultures that respond. DC naïve T-cell coculture, depleted of regulatory T cells (Tregs), was conducted in up to 48 wells for 2 weeks with model haptens (nitroso sulfamethoxazole [SMX-NO], Bandrowski’s base [BB], or piperacillin [PIP]). Cultures were rechallenged with hapten and T-cell proliferation was measured using [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Priming of naïve T cells was observed with SMX-NO, with no requirement for DC during restimulation. Greater than 65% of cultures were activated with SMX-NO; with 8.0%, 30.8%, and 27.2% characterized as weak (stimulation index [SI] =1.5–1.9), moderate (SI = 2–3.9), and strong responses (SI > 4), respectively. The number of responding cultures and strength of the response was reproducible when separate blood donations were compared. Coinhibitory checkpoint blockade increased the strength of the proliferative response, but not the number of responding cultures. Moderate to strong priming responses were detected with BB, whereas PIP stimulated only a small number of cultures to proliferate weakly. In drug-responsive cultures inducible CD4+CD25+FoxP3+CD127low Tregs were also identified. To conclude, the T-MWA offers improvements over existing assays and with development it could be used to study multiple HLA-typed donors in a single plate format.

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