scholarly journals Comment on “Resolving spatial and energetic distributions of trap states in metal halide perovskite solar cells”

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 371 (6532) ◽  
pp. eabd8014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandheep Ravishankar ◽  
Thomas Unold ◽  
Thomas Kirchartz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Drive Level ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Trap States ◽  
Perovskite Layer ◽  
Metal Halide Perovskite ◽  
Halide Perovskites ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Lead Halide

Ni et al. (Research Articles, 20 March 2020, p. 1352) report bulk trap densities of 1011 cm–3 and an increase in interfacial trap densities by one to four orders of magnitude from drive-level capacitance profiling of lead halide perovskites. From electrostatic arguments, we show that the results are not trap densities but are a consequence of the geometrical capacitance and charge injection into the perovskite layer.

scholarly journals Response to Comment on “Resolving spatial and energetic distributions of trap states in metal halide perovskite solar cells”

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 371 (6532) ◽  
pp. eabd8598
Author(s):  
Zhenyi Ni ◽  
Shuang Xu ◽  
Jinsong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Differential Capacitance ◽  
Drive Level ◽  
Trap Density ◽  
Trap States ◽  
Doping Analysis ◽  
Metal Halide Perovskite ◽  
Diffusion Capacitance ◽  
Halide Perovskite

Ravishankar et al. claimed that drive-level capacitance profiling (DLCP) cannot resolve trap density in perovskites of given thickness. We point out that the trap densities derived by DLCP are from the differential capacitance at different frequencies; thus, the background charges caused by diffusion and geometry capacitance have been subtracted. Even for the nondifferential doping analysis, the contribution from diffusion capacitance is negligible and that from geometry capacitance is excluded.

scholarly journals Lead-Free Halide Double Perovskites: A Review of the Structural, Optical, and Stability Properties as Well as Their Viability to Replace Lead Halide Perovskites

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Meyer ◽  
Dorcas Mutukwa ◽  
Nyengerai Zingwe ◽  
Raymond Taziwa
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Double Perovskites ◽  
Stability Properties ◽  
Perovskite Materials ◽  
Halide Perovskites ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Light Absorbers ◽  
Lead Halide

Perovskite solar cells employ lead halide perovskite materials as light absorbers. These perovskite materials have shown exceptional optoelectronic properties, making perovskite solar cells a fast-growing solar technology. Perovskite solar cells have achieved a record efficiency of over 20%, which has superseded the efficiency of Gräztel dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) technology. Even with their exceptional optical and electric properties, lead halide perovskites suffer from poor stability. They degrade when exposed to moisture, heat, and UV radiation, which has hindered their commercialization. Moreover, halide perovskite materials consist of lead, which is toxic. Thus, exposure to these materials leads to detrimental effects on human health. Halide double perovskites with A2B′B″X6 (A = Cs, MA; B′ = Bi, Sb; B″ = Cu, Ag, and X = Cl, Br, I) have been investigated as potential replacements of lead halide perovskites. This work focuses on providing a detailed review of the structural, optical, and stability properties of these proposed perovskites as well as their viability to replace lead halide perovskites. The triumphs and challenges of the proposed lead-free A2B′B″X6 double perovskites are discussed here in detail.

scholarly journals Resolving spatial and energetic distributions of trap states in metal halide perovskite solar cells

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (6484) ◽  
pp. 1352-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyi Ni ◽  
Chunxiong Bao ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Qi Jiang ◽  
Wu-Qiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Surface Passivation ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
Trap States ◽  
Deep Traps ◽  
Metal Halide Perovskite ◽  
Halide Perovskite

We report the profiling of spatial and energetic distributions of trap states in metal halide perovskite single-crystalline and polycrystalline solar cells. The trap densities in single crystals varied by five orders of magnitude, with a lowest value of 2 × 1011 per cubic centimeter and most of the deep traps located at crystal surfaces. The charge trap densities of all depths of the interfaces of the polycrystalline films were one to two orders of magnitude greater than that of the film interior, and the trap density at the film interior was still two to three orders of magnitude greater than that in high-quality single crystals. Suprisingly, after surface passivation, most deep traps were detected near the interface of perovskites and hole transport layers, where a large density of nanocrystals were embedded, limiting the efficiency of solar cells.

Mixed cation hybrid lead halide perovskites with enhanced performance and stability

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
pp. 11450-11461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xu ◽  
Taiyang Zhang ◽  
Ge Li ◽  
Yixin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Mixed Cation ◽  
Halide Perovskites ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Lead Halide

The mixed cation lead halide perovskite solar cells exhibited improved performance and enhanced stabilities.

Engineering Electrodes and Metal Halide Perovskite Materials for Flexible/Stretchable Perovskite Solar Cells and Light-Emitting Diodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Geun Lim ◽  
Tae-Hee Han ◽  
Tae-Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Perovskite Materials ◽  
Metal Halide Perovskite ◽  
Halide Perovskites ◽  
Halide Perovskite

Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites have excellent optoelectronic properties and are soft and resilient; therefore, they are appropriate for use in flexible and stretchable electronic devices. Commercialization of these perovskite...

Unraveling surface and bulk trap states in lead halide perovskite solar cells using impedance spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 095501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changfeng Han ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xixiang Zhu ◽  
Haomiao Yu ◽  
Xiaojuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Trap States ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Lead Halide

scholarly journals High open-circuit voltages in lead-halide perovskite solar cells: experiment, theory and open questions

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2152) ◽  
pp. 20180286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kirchartz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Halide Perovskites ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Open Circuit Voltages ◽  
Lead Halide

One of the most significant features of lead-halide perovskites is their ability to have comparably slow recombination despite the fact that these materials are mostly processed from solution at room temperature. The slow recombination allows achieving high open-circuit voltages when the lead-halide perovskite layers are used in solar cells. This perspective discusses the state of the art of our understanding and of experimental data with regard to recombination and open-circuit voltages in lead-halide perovskites. A special focus is put onto open questions that the community has to tackle to design future photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices based on lead-halide perovskites and other semiconductors with similar properties. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Energy materials for a low carbon future’.

A thiourea additive-based quadruple cation lead halide perovskite with an ultra-large grain size for efficient perovskite solar cells

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (45) ◽  
pp. 21824-21833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti V. Patil ◽  
Sawanta S. Mali ◽  
Chang Kook Hong
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Power Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Inorganic Perovskite ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Lead Halide

Controlling the grain size of the organic–inorganic perovskite thin films using thiourea additives now crossing 2 μm size with >20% power conversion efficiency.

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