scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance among Invasive NontyphoidalSalmonella entericaIsolates in the United States: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, 1996 to 2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1148-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Crump ◽  
Felicita M. Medalla ◽  
Kevin W. Joyce ◽  
Amy L. Krueger ◽  
R. Michael Hoekstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Resistance Monitoring ◽  
Common Serotypes

ABSTRACTNontyphoidal salmonellae (NTS) are important causes of community-acquired bloodstream infection. We describe patterns of antimicrobial resistance among invasive NTS in the United States. We compared bloodstream NTS isolates with those from stool submitted to the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) from 1996 to 2007. We describe antimicrobial resistance among invasive strains by serogroup and serotype. Of the 19,302 NTS isolates, 17,804 (92.2%) were from stool or blood. Of these, 1,050 (5.9%) were bloodstream isolates. The median ages (ranges) of patients with and without bacteremia were 36 (<1 to 97) years and 20 (<1 to 105) years, respectively (P< 0.001). Males (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.38) and those ≥65 years of age were at greater risk for invasive disease.Salmonella entericaserotypes Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Heidelberg were the most common serotypes isolated from blood;S. entericaserotypes Dublin, Sandiego, and Schwarzengrund were associated with the greatest risk for bloodstream isolation. Of invasive isolates, 208 (19.8%) were resistant to ampicillin, 117 (11.1%) to chloramphenicol, and 26 (2.5%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; 28 (2.7%) isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and 26 (2.5%) to ceftriaxone. Antimicrobial resistance to traditional agents is common. However, the occurrence of nalidixic acid and ceftriaxone resistance among invasive NTS is cause for clinical and public health vigilance.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis ofEscherichia colifrom Retail Meats (2002–2004) from the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Johnson ◽  
James S. McCabe ◽  
David G. White ◽  
Brian Johnston ◽  
Michael A. Kuskowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistance Monitoring ◽  
Retail Meats

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Shigella Isolates in the United States Tested by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System from 1999 to 2002

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumathi Sivapalasingam ◽  
Jennifer M. Nelson ◽  
Kevin Joyce ◽  
Mike Hoekstra ◽  
Frederick J. Angulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Shigella Sonnei ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Resistance Monitoring

ABSTRACT Shigella spp. infect approximately 450,000 persons annually in the United States, resulting in over 6,000 hospitalizations. Since 1999, the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for Enteric Bacteria has tested every 10th Shigella isolate from 16 state or local public health laboratories for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. From 1999 to 2002, NARMS tested 1,604 isolates. Among 1,598 isolates identified to species level, 1,278 (80%) were Shigella sonnei, 295 (18%) were Shigella flexneri, 18 (1%) were Shigella boydii, and 7 (0.4%) were Shigella dysenteriae. Overall, 1,251 (78%) were resistant to ampicillin and 744 (46%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Prevalence of TMP-SMX- or ampicillin- and TMP-SMX-resistant Shigella sonnei isolates varied by geographic region, with lower rates in the South and Midwest regions (TMP-SMX resistance, 27% and 30%, respectively; ampicillin and TMP-SMX resistance, 25% and 22%, respectively) and higher rates in the East and West regions (TMP-SMX resistance, 66% and 80%, respectively; ampicillin and TMP-SMX resistance, 54% and 65%, respectively). Nineteen isolates (1%) were resistant to nalidixic acid (1% of S. sonnei and 2% of S. flexneri isolates); 12 (63%) of these isolates had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. One S. flexneri isolate was resistant to ciprofloxacin. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone. Since 1986, resistance to ampicillin and TMP-SMX has dramatically increased. Shigella isolates in the United States remain susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone.

scholarly journals Identification of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Salmonella Isolated from Swine Ceca and Retail Pork Chops in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory H. Tyson ◽  
Heather P. Tate ◽  
Shaohua Zhao ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
Uday Dessai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Monitoring ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Resistance Plasmids

ABSTRACT Fluoroquinolones are important antimicrobial drugs used to treat human Salmonella infections, and resistance is rare in the United States for isolates from human and animal sources. Recently, a number of Salmonella isolates from swine cecal contents and retail pork products from National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) surveillance exhibited decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. We identified two qnrB19 quinolone resistance plasmids that are predominantly responsible for this phenomenon and found them distributed among several Salmonella serotypes isolated throughout the United States.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of a Pan-Resistant Isolate ofKlebsiella pneumoniae, United States 2016

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom J. B. de Man ◽  
Joseph D. Lutgring ◽  
David R. Lonsway ◽  
Karen F. Anderson ◽  
Julia A. Kiehlbauch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial resistance is a threat to public health globally and leads to an estimated 23,000 deaths annually in the United States alone. Here, we report the genomic characterization of an unusualKlebsiella pneumoniae, nonsusceptible to all 26 antibiotics tested, that was isolated from a U.S. patient. The isolate harbored four known beta-lactamase genes, including plasmid-mediatedblaNDM-1andblaCMY-6, as well as chromosomalblaCTX-M-15andblaSHV-28, which accounted for resistance to all beta-lactams tested. In addition, sequence analysis identified mechanisms that could explain all other reported nonsusceptibility results, including nonsusceptibility to colistin, tigecycline, and chloramphenicol. Two plasmids, IncA/C2 and IncFIB, were closely related to mobile elements described previously and isolated from Gram-negative bacteria from China, Nepal, India, the United States, and Kenya, suggesting possible origins of the isolate and plasmids. This is one of the firstK. pneumoniaeisolates in the United States to have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as nonsusceptible to all drugs tested, including all beta-lactams, colistin, and tigecycline.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance is a major public health threat worldwide. Bacteria that are nonsusceptible or resistant to all antimicrobials available are of major concern to patients and the public because of lack of treatment options and potential for spread. AKlebsiella pneumoniaestrain that was nonsusceptible to all tested antibiotics was isolated from a U.S. patient. Mechanisms that could explain all observed phenotypic antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, including resistance to colistin and beta-lactams, were identified through whole-genome sequencing. The large variety of resistance determinants identified demonstrates the usefulness of whole-genome sequencing for detecting these genes in an outbreak response. Sequencing of isolates with rare and unusual phenotypes can provide information on how these extremely resistant isolates develop, including whether resistance is acquired on mobile elements or accumulated through chromosomal mutations. Moreover, this provides further insight into not only detecting these highly resistant organisms but also preventing their spread.

scholarly journals National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System: Two Decades of Advancing Public Health Through Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 545-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth E. Karp ◽  
Heather Tate ◽  
Jodie R. Plumblee ◽  
Uday Dessai ◽  
Jean M. Whichard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Resistance Monitoring

scholarly journals Increase in Nalidixic Acid Resistance among Non-Typhi Salmonella enterica Isolates in the United States from 1996 to 2003

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Stevenson ◽  
Kathryn Gay ◽  
Timothy J. Barrett ◽  
Felicita Medalla ◽  
Tom M. Chiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

ABSTRACT Fluoroquinolones commonly are used to treat adult Salmonella infections. Fluoroquinolone treatment has failed for persons infected with nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella. From 1996 to 2003, state public health laboratories forwarded 12,252 non-Typhi Salmonella enterica isolates to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 203 (1.6%) of the isolates were nalidixic acid resistant, and 14 (7%) of those were ciprofloxacin resistant. Resistance to nalidixic acid significantly increased from 0.4% in 1996 to 2.3% in 2003. All ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates had at least one point mutation in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and did not harbor qnr or have point mutations in the QRDR of gyrB, parC, or parE. Continued surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among non-Typhi S. enterica isolates is needed to mitigate the increasing prevalence of nalidixic acid resistance.

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