scholarly journals Efficacy of Quinupristin-Dalfopristin in Preventing Vascular Graft Infection Due to Staphylococcus epidermidis with Intermediate Resistance to Glycopeptides

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 2885-2888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacometti ◽  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Roberto Ghiselli ◽  
Fiorenza Orlando ◽  
Federico Mocchegiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Prosthetic Graft ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Prosthetic Graft Infection ◽  
Intermediate Resistance

ABSTRACT A rat model was used to investigate the efficacy of quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D) in the prevention of vascular prosthetic graft infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides. The in vitro activity of the compound was compared to that of vancomycin by MIC determination and time-kill study. Moreover, the efficacy of collagen-sealed Q-D-soaked Dacron was evaluated in a rat model of graft infection. Graft infections were established in the subcutaneous tissue of the backs of 120 adult male Wistar rats. The in vivo study included a control group, one contaminated group that did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis, two contaminated groups that received grafts soaked with 10 and 100 μg of Q-D per ml, respectively, and two contaminated groups that received grafts soaked with 10 and 100 μg of vancomycin per ml, respectively. Rats that received Dacron grafts soaked with 100 μg of Q-D per ml showed no evidence of infection (<10 CFU/ml). In contrast, for rats that received Dacron grafts soaked with 10 μg of Q-D per ml and Dacron grafts soaked with 10 or 100 μg of vancomycin per ml, the quantitative graft cultures demonstrated 2.2 × 102 ± 1.3 × 102, 2.2 × 106 ± 1.9 × 105, and 5.6 × 102 ± 0.3 × 102 CFU/ml, respectively. Taken together the results of the study demonstrate that the use of Dacron grafts soaked with Q-D can result in significant bacterial growth inhibition and show that this compound is potentially valuable for prevention of vascular prosthetic graft infection.

scholarly journals Polycationic Peptides as Prophylactic Agents against Methicillin-Susceptible or Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Vascular Graft Infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3306-3309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacometti ◽  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Roberto Ghiselli ◽  
Luigi Goffi ◽  
Federico Mocchegiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Prosthetic Graft ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

ABSTRACT Several polycationic peptides isolated from animals, plants, and bacterial species possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. A rat model was used to investigate the efficacies of two peptides, ranalexin and buforin II, in the prevention of vascular prosthetic graft infections. The effect of peptide-soaked collagen-sealed Dacron was compared to that of rifampin-soaked collagen-sealed Dacron in the rat model of graft infection caused by methicillin-susceptible rifampin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis and methicillin-resistant rifampin-susceptible S. epidermidis. Graft infections were established in the back subcutaneous tissue of 240 adult male Wistar rats by implantation of 1-cm2 Dacron prostheses, followed by topical inoculation with 2 × 107 CFU of S. epidermidis. The study included a control group (no graft contamination), two contaminated groups that did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis, two contaminated groups to which perioperative intraperitoneal cefazolin prophylaxis (30 mg/kg of body weight) was administered, six contaminated groups that received a peptide- or rifampin-soaked graft, and six contaminated groups that received a peptide- or rifampin-soaked graft and perioperative intraperitoneal cefazolin prophylaxis (30 mg/kg). The grafts were sterilely removed 7 days after implantation, and the infection was evaluated by using sonication and quantitative agar culture. Overall, the efficacies of the polycationic peptides against the methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains were not significantly different from that of rifampin. Nevertheless, the combinations of ranalexin- and buforin II-coated grafts with cefazolin treatment demonstrated efficacies significantly higher than that of the combination of rifampin-coated grafts and cefazolin treatment against the methicillin-resistant strain.

scholarly journals Temporin A Soaking in Combination with Intraperitoneal Linezolid Prevents Vascular Graft Infection in a Subcutaneous Rat Pouch Model of Infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis with Intermediate Resistance to Glycopeptides

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 3162-3164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacometti ◽  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Roberto Ghiselli ◽  
Fiorenza Orlando ◽  
Giuseppina D'Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Prosthetic Graft ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Prosthetic Graft Infection ◽  
Intermediate Resistance ◽  
Temporin A

ABSTRACT The efficacy of linezolid and temporin A in the prevention of prosthetic graft infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides was investigated in a subcutaneous rat pouch model. Linezolid and temporin A, alone or combined, greatly reduced the bacterial numbers compared to the effect with control drugs.

scholarly journals Mupirocin Prophylaxis against Methicillin-Susceptible, Methicillin-Resistant, or Vancomycin-IntermediateStaphylococcus epidermidis Vascular-Graft Infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2842-2844 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Giacometti ◽  
O. Cirioni ◽  
R. Ghiselli ◽  
L. Goffi ◽  
C. Viticchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Prosthetic Graft ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Prosthetic Graft Infection ◽  
Dacron Prostheses

ABSTRACT A rat model was used to investigate the efficacy of mupirocin in the prevention of vascular prosthetic graft infection due toStaphylococcus epidermidis strains with different susceptibility patterns (methicillin susceptible, methicillin resistant, and with intermediate resistance to vancomycin). The effect of mupirocin-soaked Dacron was compared to that of perioperative intraperitoneal prophylaxis with vancomycin. Graft infections were established in the back subcutaneous tissue of adult male Wistar rats by implantation of Dacron prostheses (1 cm2) followed by topical inoculation with 5 × 107 CFU of one staphylococcal strain. The study included a control group (no graft contamination), three contaminated groups that did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis, three contaminated groups that received mupirocin-soaked grafts, three contaminated groups in which perioperative intraperitoneal vancomycin prophylaxis (10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered, and three contaminated groups that received mupirocin-soaked grafts and perioperative intraperitoneal vancomycin prophylaxis (10 mg/kg). The grafts were sterilely removed 7 days after implantation, and the infection was evaluated by using sonication and quantitative agar culture. Data analysis showed the efficacy of mupirocin against all three strains, with growth of the strains in treated rats significantly different than that in the untreated control. In addition, mupirocin was more effective than vancomycin against the strain with intermediate susceptibility to the glycopeptide. Finally, the combination of mupirocin and vancomycin produced complete suppression of the growth of all of the strains.

Enhanced Perigraft Angiogenesis Prevents Prosthetic Graft Infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1278-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Sato ◽  
Yoshio Nitta ◽  
Yoshikatsu Saiki ◽  
Shunsuke Kawamoto ◽  
Atsushi Iguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graft Infection ◽  
Prosthetic Graft ◽  
Prosthetic Graft Infection

Ovine Biosynthetic Grafts for Aortoiliac Reconstructions in Nonsterile Operative Fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem El Beyrouti ◽  
Mohammad Bashar Izzat ◽  
Angela Kornberger ◽  
Nancy Halloum ◽  
Kathrin Dohle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Prosthetic Graft ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Prostheses ◽  
Graft Thrombosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Omniflow Ii

Abstract Background Prosthetic vascular grafts placed surgically or via endovascular techniques can be subject to the risk of life-threatening graft infections. The Omniflow II vascular prosthesis is a biosynthetic graft that was reported to have favorable properties in resisting infections. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed our 3 years' experience of using the Omniflow II prostheses for aortoiliac reconstructions in patients considered to carry a substantial risk of subsequent prosthetic graft infections (prevention group) as well as in patients with actively infected prosthetic vascular grafts (treatment group). Results Aorto-bi-iliac (n = 4) and aortobifemoral (n = 12) vascular reconstructions were performed using bifurcated Omniflow II prostheses in nine patients in the prevention group and seven patients in the treatment group. During mean follow-up of 28.6 ± 17.2 months, there was one case of graft infection (6.3%) and graft thrombosis (6.3%) with subsequent successful thrombectomy. Early and late surgical revisions were required in eight (50%) and two (12.6%) patients, respectively. All graft prostheses were patent at last follow-up. Conclusion Using bifurcated Omniflow II vascular prostheses in patients with or at a high risk of vascular graft infection is advisable, and is associated with acceptable reinfection and patency rates.

scholarly journals Endoluminal negative pressure wound treatment of anastomotic leakage in rectal surgery patients – critical review of the literature.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Huľo
Keyword(s):  
Anastomotic Leakage ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Rectal Surgery ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Prosthetic Graft ◽  
Prosthetic Material ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Prosthetic Graft Infection

During past 20 years the use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has shown it effectivity and efficiency in treatment of different indications. These indications include treatment of septic complications of open surgery (open abdomen, enteroatmospheric fistulas, wound dehiscence including sternotomy infections, staged abdominal wall repair, diabetic foot syndrome, and salvage of infected prosthetic material) or their prevention (prevention of complications in skin graft application and prevention of prosthetic graft infection). Such use consists of either external use directly in the wound, or intracorporal applications (intraabdominal NPWT, intrathoracal NPWT).  New approaches and ways of application are evolving. One of new therapeutic methods are endoluminal use in both upper and lower gastrointestinal tract.  Authors performed and present thorough review of the literature on use of endoluminal NPWT in anastomotic leakage in rectal surgery patients.  Authors conclude, that endo NPWT is becoming a new and effective therapeutic method in treatment of septic complications of patients after rectal surgery.

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