scholarly journals Differential Effects of Temperature on Natural Transformation to Erythromycin and Nalidixic Acid Resistance in Campylobacter coli

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 6121-6125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo-Sung Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Kim ◽  
S. Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are naturally competent, but limited information exists on the impact of environmental conditions on transformation. In this study, we investigated the impact of temperature and microaerobic versus aerobic atmosphere on transformation of C. coli to erythromycin and nalidixic acid resistance. Frequency of transformation was not significantly different between microaerobic (5 to 10% CO2) and aerobic conditions. However, C. coli was transformed to erythromycin resistance at a significantly higher frequency at 42�C than at 25�C (P < 0.05), and few or no transformants were obtained at 25�C. In contrast, transformation to nalidixic acid resistance was highly efficient at both 42�C and 25�C and was similar or, at the most, fourfold higher at 42�C than at 25�C. DNase I treatment experiments suggested that steps both prior and subsequent to internalization of DNA were influenced by temperature in the case of transformation of C. coli to erythromycin resistance. However, the moderately increased (fourfold) frequency of transformation to nalidixic acid resistance at 42�C compared to that at 25�C was exclusively associated with steps prior to DNA internalization. These findings suggest that transformation to erythromycin resistance may be significantly more frequent in the gastrointestinal tract of hosts such as poultry (at 42�C) than in other habitats characterized by lower temperatures, whereas transformation to nalidixic acid resistance may be highly efficient both within and outside the animal hosts.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Macrolide Resistance Mechanisms of Campylobacter coli Isolated from Pigs and Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyun Choi ◽  
Dong Chan Moon ◽  
Abraham Fikru Mechesso ◽  
Hee Young Kang ◽  
Su-Jeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Public Health Hazards ◽  
Resistance Rates

We identified 1218 Campylobacter coli isolates from fecal and carcass samples of pigs (n = 643) and chickens (n = 575) between 2010 and 2018. About 99% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. The isolates exhibited high resistance rates (>75%) to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. Azithromycin and erythromycin resistance rates were the highest in isolates from pigs (39.7% and 39.2%, respectively) compared to those of chickens (15.8% and 16.3%, respectively). Additionally, a low-to-moderate proportion of the isolates were resistant to florfenicol, gentamicin, clindamycin, and telithromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 83.1% of the isolates, and profiles of MDR usually included ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. We found point mutation (A2075G) in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene in the majority of erythromycin-resistant isolates. Multilocus sequence typing of 137 erythromycin-resistant C. coli isolates revealed 37 previously reported sequence types (STs) and 8 novel STs. M192I, A103VI, and G74A substitutions were frequently noted in the ribosomal proteins L4 or L22. Further, we identified a considerable proportion (>90%) of erythromycin-resistant isolates carrying virulence factor genes: flaA, cadF, ceuE, and VirB. The prudent use of antimicrobials and regular microbiological investigation in food animals will be vital in limiting the public health hazards of C. coli in Korea.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to patterns of ciprofloxacin among nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella isolates collected in Banepa, Nepal from enteric fever patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Girija Roka ◽  
Subash Pandaya ◽  
Md. Reyad-ul Ferdous ◽  
Manson Pandey ◽  
Naba Raj Pokhrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

The present study determined the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin of nalidixic acid resistant <em>Salmonella</em> (NARS) isolated from enteric fever patients at Scheer Memorial Hospital, Banepa, Nepal, from June 2012 to December 2012. The antimicrobial sensitivity to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was determined using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and broth dilution method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. <em>Salmonella</em> was isolated from 34 out of 992 (3.43%) blood cultures collected during the study period, and 10 (29.4%) isolates were identified as <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Typhi, while 24 (70.6%) were identified as <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Paratyphi. Out of the total isolates, 31 (91.2%) were nalidixic acid-resistant <em>Salmonella</em> (NARS). Among NARS, the minimum inhibitory concentration values for ciprofloxacin ranged from 0.25 to 2 mg/L and were constantly higher than those shown by the nalidixic acid-susceptible <em>Salmonella</em>. Therefore, in typhoid <em>Salmonella</em> nalidixic acid resistance may be the indicator of decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Salmonella Spp Isolates in Kathmandu, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damodar Gajurel ◽  
Rabi Prakash Sharma ◽  
Krishna Dhungana ◽  
Samir Neupane ◽  
Kamal Lamsal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
October 17 ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

INTRODUCTION: Drug resistant Salmonella spp. is endemic in several Asian countries. Nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A show reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and have resulted in a rise in treatment failures. Over the past few decades, nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella spp have emerged in Nepal as well.MATERIAL & METHODS: This is a retrospective study that aims to provide a more recent antibiogram of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A isolates in Kathmandu. Between Poush, 2071 and Ashwin, 2072 (December 16, 2014 to October 17, 2015), 186 culture positive cases of enteric fever were diagnosed at the Civil Service Hospital. Upon isolation of S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi A, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with amoxicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, ofloxacin and tetracyciline.RESULTS: This study shows a much higher frequency of nalidixic acid-resistance in Kathmandu than previously reported; 95.7% in Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A and 86.5% in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.The rates of ciprofloxacinand ofloxacin-resistance were over 50% in both serovar.CONCLUSION: In Nepal, it is necessary to reevaluate the use of fluoroquinolone therapy and introduce feasible alternatives so as to curb treatment failures.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol. 5, No, 2, Page: 22-25

scholarly journals Adaptation of Esherichia coli to Antiobiotic Cycling via Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Hager ◽  
Ellen Jensen ◽  
Timothy Johnson ◽  
David Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esherichia Coli ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

Bacteria are quick to adapt and evolve, especially under the effects of selective pressures from chemical antibiotics. In addition, bacteria may develop resistance to antibiotics from multiple classes simultaneously, making their eradication from the human body particularly challenging. This study aims to demonstrate that bacterial multiple-drug resistance can be developed and retained in a laboratory setting. Escherichia coli B was grown in tryptic soy broth in the presence of a small, increasing concentration of streptomycin. This exposure resulted in a strain of E. coli, which had an increased minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) towards streptomycin, or “resistance.” This resistant strain was then grown in like manner in nalidixic acid and then penicillin G. The result was a strain that became resistant to streptomycin and nalidixic acid, and increasingly resistant to nalidixic acid after penicillin G exposure. Additionally, the bacteria retained resistance to streptomycin and nalidixic acid even after exposure to those chemicals ceased. Genome sequencing and comparison to E. coli B reference strain REL606 revealed the emergence of point mutations with each exposure to an antibiotic. Of particular interest is a mutation associated with the appearance of nalidixic acid resistance. Base pair 4,553,488 was changed from adenine to guanine, resulting in a change from aspartate to glycine in the protein helicase. Previous studies have not indicated mutations to this locus as nalidixic acid resistance conferring. Thus, this mutation may be a novel mutation conferring E. coli B nalidixic acid resistance. Since the region of the mutated helicase is functionally undefined, a mechanism is not apparent. Further research needs to be done to confirm this hypothesis and illuminate a mechanism. KEYWORDS: Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Evolution; Antibiotic Resistance; Nalidixic Acid; Streptomycin; Point Mutation; Single-nucleotide Polymorphism; Helicase; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

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