scholarly journals Distribution Patterns and Phylogeny of Marine Stramenopiles in the North Pacific Ocean

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 3387-3399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Chi Lin ◽  
Tracy Campbell ◽  
Chih-Ching Chung ◽  
Gwo-Ching Gong ◽  
Kuo-Ping Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Heterotrophic Nanoflagellates ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽  
Content Type ◽  
California Current System ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

ABSTRACTMarine stramenopiles (MASTs) are a diverse suite of eukaryotic microbes found in marine environments. Several MAST lineages are thought to contain heterotrophic nanoflagellates. However, MASTs remain uncultured and data on distributions and trophic modes are limited. We investigated MASTs in provinces on the west and east sides of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, specifically the East China Sea (ECS) and the California Current system (CALC). For each province, DNA was sampled from three zones: coastal, mesotrophic transitional, and more oligotrophic euphotic waters. Along with diatoms, chrysophytes, and other stramenopiles, sequences were recovered from nine MAST lineages in the six ECS and four CALC 18S rRNA gene clone libraries. All but one of these libraries were from surface samples. MAST clusters 1, 3, 7, 8, and 11 were identified in both provinces, with MAST cluster 3 (MAST-3) being found the most frequently. Additionally, MAST-2 was detected in the ECS and MAST-4, -9, and -12 were detected in the CALC. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that some subclades within these lineages differ along latitudinal gradients. MAST-1A, -1B, and -1C and MAST-4 size and abundance estimates obtained using fluorescencein situhybridization on 79 spring and summer ECS samples showed a negative correlation between size of MAST-1B and MAST-4 cells and temperature. MAST-1A was rarely detected, but MAST-1B and -1C and MAST-4 were abundant in summer and MAST-1C and MAST-4 were more so at the coast, with maximum abundances of 543 and 1,896 cells ml−1, respectively. MAST-4 andSynechococcusabundances were correlated, and experimental work showed that MAST-4 ingestsSynechococcus. Together with previous studies, this study helps refine hypotheses on distribution and trophic modes of MAST lineages.

Kīlauea lava fuels phytoplankton bloom in the North Pacific Ocean

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 365 (6457) ◽  
pp. 1040-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Wilson ◽  
Nicholas J. Hawco ◽  
E. Virginia Armbrust ◽  
Benedetto Barone ◽  
Karin M. Björkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽  
The North ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The North Pacific

From June to August 2018, the eruption of Kīlauea volcano on the island of Hawai‘i injected millions of cubic meters of molten lava into the nutrient-poor waters of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The lava-impacted seawater was characterized by high concentrations of metals and nutrients that stimulated phytoplankton growth, resulting in an extensive plume of chlorophyll a that was detectable by satellite. Chemical and molecular evidence revealed that this biological response hinged on unexpectedly high concentrations of nitrate, despite the negligible quantities of nitrogen in basaltic lava. We hypothesize that the high nitrate was caused by buoyant plumes of nutrient-rich deep waters created by the substantial input of lava into the ocean. This large-scale ocean fertilization was therefore a unique perturbation event that revealed how marine ecosystems respond to exogenous inputs of nutrients.

scholarly journals An Atlantic-driven rapid circulation change in the North Pacific Ocean during the late 1990s

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chau-Ron Wu ◽  
Yong-Fu Lin ◽  
You-Lin Wang ◽  
Noel Keenlyside ◽  
Jin-Yi Yu
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Kuroshio Current ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽  
Inter Tropical Convergence Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Interbasin interactions have been increasingly emphasized in recent years due to their roles in shaping climate trends and the global warming hiatus in the northern hemisphere. The profound influence from the North Atlantic on the Tropical Pacific has been a primary focus. In this study, we conducted observational analyses and numerical modeling experiments to show that the North Atlantic has also strongly influenced the Extratropical North Pacific. A rapid and synchronous change in the atmospheric and oceanic circulations was observed in the North Pacific during the late 1990s. The change was driven by the transbasin influence from the Atlantic Ocean. During the positive phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) since the 1990s, the anomalously warm North Atlantic triggers a series of zonally symmetric and asymmetric transbasin teleconnections involving the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Walker and Hadley circulations, and Rossby wave propagation that lead to a decrease in wind stress curls over the Pacific subtropics, resulting in an abrupt weakening in the North Pacific subtropical gyre (NPSG) and the Kuroshio Current.

scholarly journals An empirical study of the performance of weather routing service in the North Pacific Ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaur-Luh Tsai ◽  
Dong-Taur Su ◽  
Chun-Pong Wong
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Weather Routing ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
The North Pacific

PurposeThe objective of this research is to examine the performance of weather routing service in the North Pacific Ocean based on a global container shipping company.Design/methodology/approachThe data comprise two passages: one that departs from the port of Taipei to the port of Los Angeles (TPE-LAX) and another that departs from the port of Tacoma to the port of Kaohsiung (TCM-KSG). A weather routing service was utilized to compare the differences of the distance, sailing time and fuel consumed among different voyages.FindingsResults indicated that the average speed of vessel in winter is faster than in summer. The vessels consumed much more fuel in the winter than they did in the summer. In terms of the distance of the passage, the results show that the ships' sailing distance across the North Pacific Ocean in the summer was shorter than it was in the winter.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the difficultly of practical data collection, relatively few sailing records were employed in this study. It is suggested that additional sailing records should be collected, which adopt weather routing recommendations, to more comprehensively analyze sailing performance in future research.Practical implicationsThe study's findings offer valuable guidance to different stakeholders in the maritime industry (e.g. seafarers, marine hull and machinery companies, Protection and Indemnity Club (P&I), ocean container carriers and freight forwarders) to clarify their responsibilities in order to achieve desired sailing outcomes.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first research to utilize practical sailing data to provide objective evidence of sailing performance based on a weather routing service, which can assist various stakeholders to make optimal decisions.

scholarly journals Pseudoxanthomonas kalamensis sp. nov., a novel gammaproteobacterium isolated from Johnston Atoll, North Pacific Ocean

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee M. Harada ◽  
Sonia Campbell ◽  
Qing X. Li
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The North ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Mesophilic Bacterium ◽  
Bacterium Strain ◽  
The North Pacific

An aerobic, mesophilic bacterium, strain JA40T, was isolated from soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls collected from Johnston Atoll in the North Pacific Ocean. The strain formed yellow-pigmented colonies on heterotrophic media. The cells were Gram-negative, non-motile, non-sporulating rods. The strain reduced nitrite to nitrous oxide, the DNA G+C content was 64 mol% and the dominant fatty acids were 15 : 0 iso, 17 : 1 iso cis7 and 11 : 0 iso 3-OH. DNA sequencing of 1457 nt of the 16S rRNA gene established that JA40T belongs in the genus Pseudoxanthomonas within the Xanthomonadaceae branch of the Gammaproteobacteria. Strain JA40T can be differentiated from other mesophilic species in the genus on the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and distinctive fatty acid profile. Thus strain JA40T (=ATCC BAA-1031T=CIP 108476T) is the type strain of a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthomonas, for which the name Pseudoxanthomonas kalamensis sp. nov. is proposed.

scholarly journals Diel population dynamics and mortality of Prochlorococcus in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Beckett ◽  
David Demory ◽  
Ashley R Coenen ◽  
John R Casey ◽  
Mathilde Dugenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Subtropical Gyre ◽  
Heterotrophic Nanoflagellates ◽  
Model Data ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Marine ecosystem models often consider temporal dynamics on the order of months to years, and spatial dynamics over regional and global scales as a means to understand the ecology, evolution, and biogeochemical impacts of marine life. Large-scale dynamics are themselves driven over diel scales as a result of light-driven forcing, feedback, and interactions. Motivated by high-frequency measurements taken by Lagrangian sampling in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, we develop a hierarchical set of multitrophic community ecology models to investigate and understand daily ecological dynamics in the near-surface ocean including impacts of light-driven growth, infection, grazing, and phytoplankton size structure. Using these models, we investigate the relative impacts of viral-induced and grazing mortality for Prochlorococcus; and more broadly compare in silico dynamics with in situ observations. Via model-data fitting, we show that a multi-trophic model with size structure can jointly explain diel changes in cyanobacterial abundances, cyanobacterial size structure, viral abundance, viral infection rates, and grazer abundances. In doing so, we find that a significant component (between 5% to 55%) of estimated Prochlorococcus mortality is not attributed to either viral lysis (by T4- or T7-like cyanophage) or grazing by heterotrophic nanoflagellates. Instead, model-data integration suggests a heightened ecological relevance of other mortality mechanisms -- including grazing by other predators, particle aggregation, and stress-induced loss mechanisms. Altogether, linking mechanistic multitrophic models with high-resolution measurements provides a route for understanding of diel origins of large-scale marine microbial community and ecosystem dynamics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document