scholarly journals Characterization of Geographically Distinct Bacterial Communities Associated with Coral Mucus Produced by Acropora spp. and Porites spp.

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (15) ◽  
pp. 5229-5237 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. McKew ◽  
A. J. Dumbrell ◽  
S. D. Daud ◽  
L. Hepburn ◽  
E. Thorpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Coral Mucus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Report ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
The Caribbean

ABSTRACTAcroporaandPoritescorals are important reef builders in the Indo-Pacific and Caribbean. Bacteria associated with mucus produced byPoritesspp. andAcroporaspp. from Caribbean (Punta Maroma, Mexico) and Indo-Pacific (Hoga and Sampela, Indonesia) reefs were determined. Analysis of pyrosequencing libraries showed that bacterial communities from Caribbean corals were significantly more diverse (H′, 3.18 to 4.25) than their Indonesian counterparts (H′, 2.54 to 3.25). Dominant taxa wereGammaproteobacteria,Alphaproteobacteria,Firmicutes, andCyanobacteria, which varied in relative abundance between coral genera and region. Distinct coral host-specific communities were also found; for example,Clostridialeswere dominant onAcroporaspp. (at Hoga and the Mexican Caribbean) compared toPoritesspp. and seawater. Within theGammproteobacteria,Halomonasspp. dominated sequence libraries fromPoritesspp. (49%) andAcroporaspp. (5.6%) from the Mexican Caribbean, compared to the corresponding Indonesian coral libraries (<2%). Interestingly, with the exception ofPoritesspp. from the Mexican Caribbean, there was also a ubiquity ofPsychrobacterspp., which dominatedAcroporaandPoriteslibraries from Indonesia andAcroporalibraries from the Caribbean. In conclusion, there was a dominance ofHalomonasspp. (associated withAcroporaandPorites[Mexican Caribbean]),Firmicutes(associated withAcropora[Mexican Caribbean] and withAcroporaandPorites[Hoga]), andCyanobacteria(associated withAcroporaandPorites[Hoga] andPorites[Sampela]). This is also the first report describing geographically distinctPsychrobacterspp. associated with coral mucus. In addition, the predominance ofClostridialesassociated withAcroporaspp. provided additional evidence for coral host-specific microorganisms.

scholarly journals New Insights on the Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) Bacteriome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
Elias Asimakis ◽  
Panagiota Stathopoulou ◽  
Apostolis Sapounas ◽  
Kanjana Khaeso ◽  
Costas Batargias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
High Degree

Various factors, including the insect host, diet, and surrounding ecosystem can shape the structure of the bacterial communities of insects. We have employed next generation, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA to characterize the bacteriome of wild Zeugodacus (Bactrocera) cucurbitae (Coquillett) flies from three regions of Bangladesh. The tested populations developed distinct bacterial communities with differences in bacterial composition, suggesting that geography has an impact on the fly bacteriome. The dominant bacteria belonged to the families Enterobacteriaceae, Dysgomonadaceae and Orbaceae, with the genera Dysgonomonas, Orbus and Citrobacter showing the highest relative abundance across populations. Network analysis indicated variable interactions between operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with cases of mutual exclusion and copresence. Certain bacterial genera with high relative abundance were also characterized by a high degree of interactions. Interestingly, genera with a low relative abundance like Shimwellia, Gilliamella, and Chishuiella were among those that showed abundant interactions, suggesting that they are also important components of the bacterial community. Such knowledge could help us identify ideal wild populations for domestication in the context of the sterile insect technique or similar biotechnological methods. Further characterization of this bacterial diversity with transcriptomic and metabolic approaches, could also reveal their specific role in Z. cucurbitae physiology.

scholarly journals Importance of Micromonospora spp. as Colonizers of Cellulose in Freshwater Lakes as Demonstrated by Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR of 16S rRNA

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 3495-3499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre B. de Menezes ◽  
James E. McDonald ◽  
Heather E. Allison ◽  
Alan J. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Lake Sediment ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Freshwater Lakes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Water Columns

ABSTRACTThe relative abundance of micromonosporas in the bacterial communities inhabiting cellulose baits, water columns, and sediments of two freshwater lakes was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) of reverse-transcribed 16S rRNA.Micromonosporaspp. were shown to be significant members of the active bacterial population colonizing cellulosic substrates in the lake sediment, and their increased prevalence with greater depth was confirmed by enumeration of CFU.

scholarly journals Isolation and molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba genotypes in recreational and domestic water sources from Jamaica, West Indies

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheridah D. Todd ◽  
María Reyes-Batlle ◽  
José E. Piñero ◽  
Enrique Martínez-Carretero ◽  
Basilio Valladares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Sources ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Neurological Infections

Free living amoebae (FLA) are amphizoic protozoa that are ubiquitous in nature. Infection with FLA may result in neurological, ocular and skin infections. Exposure to Acanthamoeba occurs frequently through water contact and knowledge of the presence of the organisms in water sources is important in understanding transmission dynamics. The distribution of Acanthamoeba was studied in recreational and domestic water samples collected from across Jamaica. Morphological assessment and polymerase chain reaction revealed Acanthamoeba spp. isolates in 50.6% (42/83) and 17.3% (14/81) of recreational and domestic water, respectively. Sequencing of the DF3 region of the 18S rDNA resulted in the identification of genotypes T3, T4, T5, T10 and T11 corresponding to Acanthamoeba spp: A. griffini, A. triangularis, A. lenticulata, A. culbertsoni and A. hatchetti. Moreover, T4 was the most frequently isolated genotype in both recreational and domestic water. Thermotolerance and osmotolerance assays indicated that most isolates were potentially pathogenic. This is the first report of T3 and T10 genotypes in the Caribbean and the first report of these Acanthamoeba spp. in Jamaican waters. The study shows that there is potential risk of infection to contact wearers who practise poor lens care. Further, Acanthamoeba should be considered as a cause of neurological infections in Jamaica.

scholarly journals Reproductive System Symbiotic Bacteria Are Conserved between Two Distinct Populations ofEuprymna scolopesfrom Oahu, Hawaii

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison H. Kerwin ◽  
Spencer V. Nyholm
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Euprymna Scolopes ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Kaneohe Bay

ABSTRACTFemale Hawaiian bobtail squid,Euprymna scolopes, harbor a symbiotic bacterial community in a reproductive organ, the accessory nidamental gland (ANG). This community is known to be stable over several generations of wild-caught bobtail squid but has, to date, been examined for only one population in Maunalua Bay, Oahu, HI. This study assessed the ANG and corresponding egg jelly coat (JC) bacterial communities for another genetically isolated host population from Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, HI, using 16S amplicon sequencing. The bacterial communities from the ANGs and JCs of the two populations were found to be similar in richness, evenness, phylogenetic diversity, and overall community composition. However, the Kaneohe Bay samples formed their own subset within the Maunalua Bay ANG/JC community. AnAlteromonadaceaegenus, BD2-13, was significantly higher in relative abundance in the Kaneohe Bay population, and severalAlphaproteobacteriataxa also shifted in relative abundance between the two groups. This variation could be due to local adaptation to differing environmental challenges, to localized variability, or to functional redundancy among the ANG taxa. The overall stability of the community between the populations further supports a crucial functional role that has been hypothesized for this symbiosis.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we examined the reproductive ANG symbiosis found in two genetically isolated populations of the Hawaiian bobtail squid,Euprymna scolopes. The stability of the community reported here provides support for the hypothesis that this symbiosis is under strong selective pressure, while the observed differences suggest that some level of local adaptation may have occurred. These two host populations are frequently used interchangeably as source populations for research.Euprymna scolopesis an important model organism and offers the opportunity to examine the interplay between a binary and a consortial symbiosis in a single model host. Understanding the inherent natural variability of this association will aid in our understanding of the conservation, function, transmission, and development of the ANG symbiosis.

scholarly journals Bacterial Associates of Two Caribbean Coral Species Reveal Species-Specific Distribution and Geographic Variability

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (18) ◽  
pp. 6438-6449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Morrow ◽  
Anthony G. Moss ◽  
Nanette E. Chadwick ◽  
Mark R. Liles
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Assemblages

ABSTRACTScleractinian corals harbor microorganisms that form dynamic associations with the coral host and exhibit substantial genetic and ecological diversity. Microbial associates may provide defense against pathogens and serve as bioindicators of changing environmental conditions. Here we describe the bacterial assemblages associated with two of the most common and phylogenetically divergent reef-building corals in the Caribbean,Montastraea faveolataandPorites astreoides. Contrasting life history strategies and disease susceptibilities indicate potential differences in their microbiota and immune function that may in part drive changes in the composition of coral reef communities. The ribotype structure and diversity of coral-associated bacteria within the surface mucosal layer (SML) of healthy corals were assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting and 454 bar-coded pyrosequencing. Corals were sampled at disparate Caribbean locations representing various levels of anthropogenic impact. We demonstrate here thatM. faveolataandP. astreoidesharbor distinct, host-specific bacteria but that specificity varies by species and site.P. astreoidesgenerally hosts a bacterial assemblage of low diversity that is largely dominated by one bacterial genus,Endozoicomonas, within the orderOceanospirillales. The bacterial assemblages associated withM. faveolataare significantly more diverse and exhibit higher specificity at the family level thanP. astreoidesassemblages. Both corals have more bacterial diversity and higher abundances of disease-related bacteria at sites closer to the mainland than at those furthest away. The most diverse bacterial taxa and highest relative abundance of disease-associated bacteria were seen for corals near St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) (2.5 km from shore), and the least diverse taxa and lowest relative abundance were seen for corals near our most pristine site in Belize (20 km from shore). We conclude that the two coral species studied harbor distinct bacterial assemblages within the SML, but the degree to which each species maintains specific microbial associations varies both within each site and across large spatial scales. The taxonomic scale (i.e., phylum versus genus) at which scientists examine coral-microbe associations, in addition to host-elicited factors and environmental fluctuations, must be considered carefully in future studies of the coral holobiont.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Lobophora declerckii and L. variegata (Dictyotales, Ochrophyta) on the Atlantic coast of Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 382 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ LUIS GODÍNEZ-ORTEGA ◽  
LIDIA I. CABRERA ◽  
RICARDO GARCÍA-SANDOVAL ◽  
MICHAEL J. WYNNE ◽  
HUGO F. OLIVARES-RUBIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Important System ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

The Veracruz Reef System National Park (PNSAV) is located in the central region of Veracruz, off the coast of the municipalities of Veracruz, Boca del Río and Antón Lizardo. It is a complex and important system within the Gulf of Mexico, since it has been declared a biosphere reserve by UNESCO, a Ramsar wetland and an essential component of the southwestern Gulf of Mexico Reef Corridor. Lobophora contains 28 currently recognized species and has a pantropical distribution that includes the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans in both hemispheres. Recently, some species have been identified from Western Atlantic Ocean, mainly in the Caribbean Sea. However, very little is known about Lobophora species diversity on the Mexican coast. In this study, morphological and molecular analyses (MAAT) using cytochrome c oxidase 3 (COX3) sequences as a barcode gene were used to study Lobophora spp. The results indicate that there are two species on the Mexican coasts, Lobophora declerckii and L. variegata. Lobophora declerckii represents a new record for the southwest of the Gulf of Mexico and, the presence of L. variegata was confirmed for the Mexican Caribbean.

scholarly journals Corals Form Characteristic Associations with Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 3136-3144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley A. Lema ◽  
Bette L. Willis ◽  
David G. Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Coral Mucus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Bacterial Groups

ABSTRACTThe complex symbiotic relationship between corals and their dinoflagellate partnerSymbiodiniumis believed to be sustained through close associations with mutualistic bacterial communities, though little is known about coral associations with bacterial groups able to fix nitrogen (diazotrophs). In this study, we investigated the diversity of diazotrophic bacterial communities associated with three common coral species (Acropora millepora,Acropora muricata, andPocillopora damicormis) from three midshelf locations of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) by profiling the conserved subunit of thenifHgene, which encodes the dinitrogenase iron protein. Comparisons of diazotrophic community diversity among coral tissue and mucus microenvironments and the surrounding seawater revealed that corals harbor diversenifHphylotypes that differ between tissue and mucus microhabitats. Coral mucusnifHsequences displayed high heterogeneity, and many bacterial groups overlapped with those found in seawater. Moreover, coral mucus diazotrophs were specific neither to coral species nor to reef location, reflecting the ephemeral nature of coral mucus. In contrast, the dominant diazotrophic bacteria in tissue samples differed among coral species, with differences remaining consistent at all three reefs, indicating that coral-diazotroph associations are species specific. Notably, dominant diazotrophs for all coral species were closely related to the bacterial group rhizobia, which represented 71% of the total sequences retrieved from tissue samples. The species specificity of coral-diazotroph associations further supports the coral holobiont model that bacterial groups associated with corals are conserved. Our results suggest that, as in terrestrial plants, rhizobia have developed a mutualistic relationship with corals and may contribute fixed nitrogen toSymbiodinium.

scholarly journals First Report on Detection and Molecular Characterization of Adenoviruses in the Small Indian Mongoose (Urva auropunctata)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2194
Author(s):  
Kerry Gainor ◽  
Anne A. M. J. Becker ◽  
Yashpal S. Malik ◽  
Souvik Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
First Report ◽  
Brown Anole ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Dietary Origin ◽  
Clustering Patterns ◽  
Sequence Identities ◽  
Small Indian Mongoose

Using a broad-range nested PCR assay targeting the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (pol) gene, we detected adenoviruses in 17 (20.48%) out of 83 fecal samples from small Indian mongooses (Urva auropunctata) on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts. All 17 PCR amplicons were sequenced for the partial pol gene (~300 bp, hereafter referred to as Mon sequences). Fourteen of the 17 Mon sequences shared maximum homology (98.3–99.6% and 97–98.9% nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) sequence identities, respectively) with that of bovine adenovirus-6 (species Bovine atadenovirus E). Mongoose-associated adenovirus Mon-39 was most closely related (absolute nt and deduced aa identities) to an atadenovirus from a tropical screech owl. Mon-66 shared maximum nt and deduced aa identities of 69% and 71.4% with those of atadenoviruses from a spur-thighed tortoise and a brown anole lizard, respectively. Phylogenetically, Mon-39 and Mon-66 clustered within clades that were predominated by atadenoviruses from reptiles, indicating a reptilian origin of these viruses. Only a single mongoose-associated adenovirus, Mon-34, was related to the genus Mastadenovirus. However, phylogenetically, Mon-34 formed an isolated branch, distinct from other mastadenoviruses. Since the fecal samples were collected from apparently healthy mongooses, we could not determine whether the mongoose-associated adenoviruses infected the host. On the other hand, the phylogenetic clustering patterns of the mongoose-associated atadenoviruses pointed more towards a dietary origin of these viruses. Although the present study was based on partial pol sequences (~90 aa), sequence identities and phylogenetic analysis suggested that Mon-34, Mon-39, and Mon-66 might represent novel adenoviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection and molecular characterization of adenoviruses from the mongoose.

scholarly journals Spatial and Species Variations in Bacterial Communities Associated with Corals from the Red Sea as Revealed by Pyrosequencing

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (20) ◽  
pp. 7173-7184 ◽  
Author(s):  
On On Lee ◽  
Jiangke Yang ◽  
Salim Bougouffa ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Zenon Batang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacterial Phyla

ABSTRACTMicrobial associations with corals are common and are most likely symbiotic, although their diversity and relationships with environmental factors and host species remain unclear. In this study, we adopted a 16S rRNA gene tag-pyrosequencing technique to investigate the bacterial communities associated with three stony Scleractinea and two soft Octocorallia corals from three locations in the Red Sea. Our results revealed highly diverse bacterial communities in the Red Sea corals, with more than 600 ribotypes detected and up to 1,000 species estimated from a single coral species. Altogether, 21 bacterial phyla were recovered from the corals, of whichGammaproteobacteriawas the most dominant group, andChloroflexi,Chlamydiae, and the candidate phylumWS3were reported in corals for the first time. The associated bacterial communities varied greatly with location, where environmental conditions differed significantly. Corals from disturbed areas appeared to share more similar bacterial communities, but larger variations in community structures were observed between different coral species from pristine waters. Ordination methods identified salinity and depth as the most influential parameters affecting the abundance ofVibrio,Pseudoalteromonas,Serratia,Stenotrophomonas,Pseudomonas, andAchromobacterin the corals. On the other hand, bacteria such asChloracidobacteriumandEndozoicomonaswere more sensitive to the coral species, suggesting that the host species type may be influential in the associated bacterial community, as well. The combined influences of the coral host and environmental factors on the associated microbial communities are discussed. This study represents the first comparative study using tag-pyrosequencing technology to investigate the bacterial communities in Red Sea corals.

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