scholarly journals Biodegradation of cis-Dichloroethene as the Sole Carbon Source by a β-Proteobacterium

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2726-2730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas V. Coleman ◽  
Timothy E. Mattes ◽  
James M. Gossett ◽  
Jim C. Spain
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Aerobic Bacterium ◽  
16S Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Epoxidation Reaction ◽  
Specific Substrate Utilization Rate ◽  
Ribosomal Dna Sequence

ABSTRACT An aerobic bacterium capable of growth on cis-dichloroethene (cDCE) as a sole carbon and energy source was isolated by enrichment culture. The 16S ribosomal DNA sequence of the isolate (strain JS666) had 97.9% identity to the sequence from Polaromonas vacuolata, indicating that the isolate was a β-proteobacterium. At 20°C, strain JS666 grew on cDCE with a minimum doubling time of 73 ± 7 h and a growth yield of 6.1 g of protein/mol of cDCE. Chloride analysis indicated that complete dechlorination of cDCE occurred during growth. The half-velocity constant for cDCE transformation was 1.6 ± 0.2 μM, and the maximum specific substrate utilization rate ranged from 12.6 to 16.8 nmol/min/mg of protein. Resting cells grown on cDCE could transform cDCE, ethene, vinyl chloride, trans-dichloroethene, trichloroethene, and 1,2-dichloroethane. Epoxyethane was produced from ethene by cDCE-grown cells, suggesting that an epoxidation reaction is the first step in cDCE degradation.

Temperature Characteristics of the Methanogenesis Process in Anaerobic Digestion

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 299-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Lin ◽  
T. Noike ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
J. Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Temperature Characteristics ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Specific Substrate Utilization Rate ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Experiments using high concentration of the major intermediates of anaerobic digestion were conducted with anaerobic chemostat-type reactors to investigate the temperature characteristics of the methanogenesis process. Temperature ranging from 15°C to 50°C were studied. The optimum temperature was 35°C. The methane production was temperature and loading rate dependent. Bacilli were the predominant microbial species and this predominance was independent of digestion temperature. At the mesophilic range, with increasing temperature the saturation constant (Ks) decreased, while the maximum specific substrate utilization rate (vmax) and growth yield (Yg) increased. Their temperature characteristics were described using exponential expressions. For retention times longer than 8 days, the process progressed normally and satisfactorily even at 25°C, and the substrate removal efficiency was more than 96% which was the same as that at 35°C. At the temperature range of 25°C to 35°C, the simulation model is

Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Treatment of Brewery Wastes and Bioenergy Recovery

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1681-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ozturk ◽  
G. K. Anderson ◽  
C. B. Saw
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Specific Substrate Utilization Rate ◽  
Brewery Wastes

This paper presents the results of a pilot plant study using an Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) for treatment of brewery wastes. A COD removal efficiency of greater than 75% was observed at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 9.5 kg COD/m3-day for a Deriod of 82 days from start-up. COD removal efficiency was greater than 74% at an OLR of 14.6 kg COD/m3 expanded bed (e.b)-day. A COD to methane conversion of 87% was achieved. Experimental results have suggested that the COD removal efficiency of an AFBR is only a function of COD loading, and neither the feed COD nor HRT alone significantly affect the performance of the reactor. A linear relationship was found between the specific substrate utilization rate and the specific methane production rate. It was observed that the distribution of the biomass along the height of the reactor is not uniform, and the biomass hold-up near the top of the reactor may reach concentrations of greater than 20,000 mg/l.

The reaction characteristics of wastewater containing nitrophenol, treated using an anaerobic biological fluidized bed

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szu-Kung Tseng ◽  
Chi-Jenn Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Reaction Characteristics ◽  
Methane Production Rate ◽  
Methane Bacteria ◽  
Specific Substrate Utilization Rate

An anaerobic biological fluidized bed was used to treat a synthetic wastewater containing three types of nitrophenols. The results proved that para-nitrophenol (p-NP) was the most toxic nitrophenol to methane producing bacteria while meta-nitrophenol (m-NP) was found to be less toxic, with ortho-nitrophenol (o-NP) being the least toxic to the methane bacteria. The results also showed that o-NP was much more easily decomposed by the microbes on the activated carbon biofilm. During the anaerobic digestion it was found that wastewater containing o-NP had the largest specific methane production rate, specific growth rate, and specific substrate utilization rate, while wastewater containing p-NP had the smallest rate figures. In addition, analyzing metabolites of the effluent indicated the anaerobic metabolism of m-NP started with a hydrogenation reduction, resulting in the production of m-aminophenol follwed by phenol after deamination.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and Kinetic Diversity of Aerobic Vinyl Chloride-Assimilating Bacteria from Contaminated Sites

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 6162-6171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas V. Coleman ◽  
Timothy E. Mattes ◽  
James M. Gossett ◽  
Jim C. Spain
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Chlorinated Solvents ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Monooxygenase Activity ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

ABSTRACT Aerobic bacteria that grow on vinyl chloride (VC) have been isolated previously, but their diversity and distribution are largely unknown. It is also unclear whether such bacteria contribute to the natural attenuation of VC at chlorinated-ethene-contaminated sites. We detected aerobic VC biodegradation in 23 of 37 microcosms and enrichments inoculated with samples from various sites. Twelve different bacteria (11 Mycobacterium strains and 1 Nocardioides strain) capable of growth on VC as the sole carbon source were isolated, and 5 representative strains were examined further. All the isolates grew on ethene in addition to VC and contained VC-inducible ethene monooxygenase activity. The Mycobacterium strains (JS60, JS61, JS616, and JS617) all had similar growth yields (5.4 to 6.6 g of protein/mol), maximum specific growth rates (0.17 to 0.23 day−1), and maximum specific substrate utilization rates (9 to 16 nmol/min/mg of protein) with VC. The Nocardioides strain (JS614) had a higher growth yield (10.3 g of protein/mol), growth rate (0.71 day−1), and substrate utilization rate (43 nmol/min/mg of protein) with VC but was much more sensitive to VC starvation. Half-velocity constant (Ks ) values for VC were between 0.5 and 3.2 μM, while Ks values for oxygen ranged from 0.03 to 0.3 mg/liter. Our results indicate that aerobic VC-degrading microorganisms (predominantly Mycobacterium strains) are widely distributed at sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents and are likely to be responsible for the natural attenuation of VC.

scholarly journals Burkholderia cepacia Genomovar III Is a Common Plant-Associated Bacterium

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 982-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Balandreau ◽  
Veronique Viallard ◽  
Benoit Cournoyer ◽  
Tom Coenye ◽  
Severine Laevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
16S Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Whole Cell Protein ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Ribosomal Dna Sequence

ABSTRACT A polyphasic taxonomic study involving DNA-DNA hybridization, whole-cell protein electrophoresis, and 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis revealed that a group of Burkholderia cepacia-like organisms isolated from the rhizosphere or tissues of maize, wheat, and lupine belong to B. cepacia genomovar III, a genomic species associated with “cepacia syndrome” in cystic fibrosis patients. The present study also revealed considerable protein electrophoretic heterogeneity within this species and demonstrated that the B. cepacia complex consists of two independent phylogenetic lineages.

The metabolism of p-fluorophenylacetic acid by a Pseudomonas sp. I. Isolation and identification of intermediates in degradation

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Harper ◽  
E. R. Blakley
Keyword(s):  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Organic Fluorine

A Pseudomonas sp. capable of growing on p-fluorophenylacetic acid as sole carbon source has been isolated using the enrichment culture technique. All the organic fluorine is released into the culture medium as fluoride ion during growth. A number of fluorinated intermediates have been isolated from the culture medium when resting cells were incubated with the substrate. Using infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopic techniques together with chemical degradative procedures, these have been identified as D(+)-monofluorosuccinic acid, trans-3-fluoro-3-hexenedioic acid, (−)-4-carboxymethyl-4-fluorobutanolide, 4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.

Microbial growth on mercaptosuccinic acid

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Hall ◽  
Richard S. Berk
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Succinate Oxidation ◽  
Oxidase System ◽  
Mercaptosuccinic Acid ◽  
Inorganic Sulfate

Using enrichment culture technics a species of Alcaligenes (M1) was isolated from soil which was able to utilize mercaptosuccinic acid (MS) as a sole source of carbon, sulfur, and energy. Growth on a MS–salts basal medium was not significantly enhanced by single supplements of B-vitamins or by yeast extract. Comparative studies on succinate and MS oxidation by Alcaligenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa indicated that MS was an inhibitor of succinate oxidation by resting cells of both microorganisms when they were grown in a medium lacking mercaptosuccinic acid such as a succinate–salts basal. However, when M1 was grown on MS, it was able to oxidize both succinate and MS, thereby indicating that the MS oxidase system was inducible. In addition, the MS oxidase system in cell-free extracts of M1 was relatively insensitive to 10–30 μmoles of malonate, whereas the succinoxidase system was inhibited 66% by 30 μmoles of the inhibitor. Cell-free extracts of succinate-grown cells of P. aeruginosa were unable to oxidize MS, indicating that the inactivity of resting cells was not due to a permease problem. Investigation of the metabolic fate of the sulfur moiety of MS by growing cells of M1 indicated that all of the available sulfur was liberated as inorganic sulfate, while no free sulfide was detected. Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese) was detected in extracts from cells grown both with and without mercaptosuccinic acid. However, growth in the MS medium enhanced the production of rhodanese approximately 40%. In addition, thiosulfate oxidase activity was also detected in resting cells and cell-free extracts prepared from MS-grown cells, but not from cells grown without mercaptosuccinic acid.

scholarly journals Reevaluation of Streptococcus bovis Endocarditis Cases from 1975 to 1985 by 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequence Analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 3848-3850 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Herrero ◽  
M. S. Rouse ◽  
K. E. Piper ◽  
S. A. Alyaseen ◽  
J. M. Steckelberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
16S Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Ribosomal Dna Sequence

scholarly journals PCR Assay of the groEL Gene for Detection and Differentiation of Bacillus cereus Group Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 4502-4510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiu Chang ◽  
Yung-Hui Shangkuan ◽  
Hung-Chi Lin ◽  
Hwan-Wun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Marker ◽  
16S Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Ribosomal Dna Sequence

ABSTRACT Strains of species in the Bacillus cereus group are potentially enterotoxic. Thus, the detection of all B. cereus group strains is important. As 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis cannot adequately differentiate species of the B. cereus group, we explored the potential of the groEL gene as a phylogenetic marker. A phylogenetic analysis of the groEL sequences of 78 B. cereus group strains revealed that the B. cereus group strains were split into two major clusters, one including six B. mycoides and one B. pseudomycoides (cluster II) and the other including two B. mycoides and the rest of the B. cereus group strains (cluster I). Cluster I was further differentiated into two subclusters, Ia and Ib. The sodA gene sequences of representative strains from different clusters were also compared. The phylogenetic tree constructed from the sodA sequences showed substantial similarity to the tree constructed from the groEL sequences. Based on the groEL sequences, a PCR assay for detection and identification of B. cereus group strains was developed. Subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis verified the PCR amplicons and the differentiation of the B. cereus group strains. RFLP with MboI was identical for all the B. cereus group strains analyzed, while RFLP with MfeI or PstI classified all B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains into two groups. All cluster II B. mycoides and B. pseudomycoides strains could be discriminated from other B. cereus group bacteria by restriction analysis with TspRI.

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