scholarly journals Epidemic Clone I-Specific Genetic Markers in Strains of Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b from Foods

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 7581-7581
Author(s):  
Suleyman Yildirim ◽  
Wen Lin ◽  
Anthony D. Hitchins ◽  
Lee-Ann Jaykus ◽  
Eric Altermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Epidemic Clone ◽  
Serotype 4B

scholarly journals Epidemic Clone I-Specific Genetic Markers in Strains of Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b from Foods

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 4158-4164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Yildirim ◽  
Wen Lin ◽  
Anthony D. Hitchins ◽  
Lee-Ann Jaykus ◽  
Eric Altermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Epidemic Clone ◽  
Modification System ◽  
Restriction Modification System ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Serotype 4B ◽  
Restriction Modification

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat foods has been implicated in numerous outbreaks of food-borne listeriosis. However, the health hazards posed by L. monocytogenes detected in foods may vary, and speculations exist that strains actually implicated in illness may constitute only a fraction of those that contaminate foods. In this study, examination of 34 serogroup 4 (putative or confirmed serotype 4b) isolates of L. monocytogenes obtained from various foods and food-processing environments, without known implication in illness, revealed that many of these strains had methylation of cytosines at GATC sites in the genome, rendering their DNA resistant to digestion by the restriction endonuclease Sau3AI. These strains also harbored a gene cassette with putative restriction-modification system genes as well as other, genomically unlinked genetic markers characteristic of the major epidemic-associated lineage of L. monocytogenes (epidemic clone I), implicated in numerous outbreaks in Europe and North America. This may reflect a relatively high fitness of strains with these genetic markers in foods and food-related environments relative to other serotype 4b strains and may partially account for the repeated involvement of such strains in human food-borne listeriosis.

scholarly journals Temperature-Dependent Phage Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Epidemic Clone II

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 2433-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Won Kim ◽  
Sophia Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phage Resistance ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Epidemic Clone ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Serotype 4B

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes epidemic clone II (ECII) has been responsible for two multistate outbreaks in the United States in 1998-1999 and in 2002, in which contaminated ready-to-eat meat products (hot dogs and turkey deli meats, respectively) were implicated. However, ecological adaptations of ECII strains in the food-processing plant environment remain unidentified. In this study, we found that broad-host-range phages, including phages isolated from the processing plant environment, produced plaques on ECII strains grown at 37°C but not when the bacteria were grown at lower temperatures (30°C or below). ECII strains grown at lower temperatures were resistant to phage regardless of the temperature during infection and subsequent incubation. In contrast, the phage susceptibility of all other tested strains of serotype 4b (including epidemic clone I) and of strains of other serotypes and Listeria species was independent of the growth temperature of the bacteria. This temperature-dependent phage susceptibility of ECII bacteria was consistently observed with all surveyed ECII strains from outbreaks or from processing plants, regardless of the presence or absence of cadmium resistance plasmids. Phages adsorbed similarly on ECII bacteria grown at 25°C and at 37°C, suggesting that resistance of ECII strains grown at 25°C was not due to failure of the phage to adsorb. Even though the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated, temperature-dependent phage resistance may represent an important ecological adaptation of L. monocytogenes ECII in processed, cold-stored foods and in the processing plant environment, where relatively low temperatures prevail.

scholarly journals Conservation of Genomic Localization and Sequence Content of Sau3AI-Like Restriction-Modification Gene Cassettes among Listeria monocytogenes Epidemic Clone I and Selected Strains of Serotype 1/2a

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (16) ◽  
pp. 5577-5584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Yildirim ◽  
Driss Elhanafi ◽  
Wen Lin ◽  
Anthony D. Hitchins ◽  
Robin M. Siletzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Epidemic Clone ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Serotype 4B ◽  
Clonal Population Structure ◽  
Restriction Modification

ABSTRACTListeria monocytogenesis a food-borne pathogen with a clonal population structure and apparently limited gene flow between strains of different lineages. Strains of epidemic clone I (ECI) have been responsible for numerous outbreaks and invariably have DNA that is resistant to digestion by Sau3AI, suggesting methylation of cytosine at GATC sites. A putative restriction-modification (RM) gene cassette has been identified in the genome of the ECI strain F2365 and all other tested ECI strains but is absent from other strains of the same serotype (4b). Homologous RM cassettes have not been reported amongL. monocytogenesisolates of other serotypes. Furthermore, conclusive evidence for the involvement of this RM cassette in the Sau3AI resistance phenotype of ECI strains has been lacking. In this study, we describe a highly conserved RM cassette in certain strains of serotypes 1/2a and 4a that have Sau3AI-resistant DNA. In these strains the RM cassette was in the same genomic location as in the ECI reference strain F2365. The cassette included a gene encoding a putative recombinase, suggesting insertion via site-specific recombination. Deletion of the RM cassette in the ECI strain F2365 and the serotype 1/2a strain A7 rendered the DNA of both strains susceptible to Sau3AI digestion, providing conclusive evidence that the cassette includes a gene required for methylation of cytosine at GATC sites in both strains. The findings suggest that, in addition to its presence in ECI strains, this RM cassette and the accompanying genomic DNA methylation is also encountered among selected strains of other lineages.

Distribution of Epidemic Clonal Genetic Markers among Listeria monocytogenes 4b Isolates

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIOVANNA FRANCIOSA ◽  
CONCETTA SCALFARO ◽  
ANTONELLA MAUGLIANI ◽  
FRANCESCA FLORIDI ◽  
ANTONIETTA GATTUSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Environmental Persistence ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Serotype 4B

Recent genome sequencing of isolates of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b implicated in some major outbreaks of foodborne listeriosis has revealed unique genetic markers in these isolates. The isolates were grouped into two distinct epidemic clones, ECI and ECII. In the present study, selected ECI- and ECII-specific genetic markers were detected in 16 and 15 of 89 L. monocytogenes 4b isolates, respectively. The ECI markers were found in 6 of 34 clinical isolates, 9 of 50 food isolates, and 1 of 5 environmental isolates, and the ECII markers were detected in 7 of 34 clinical isolates, 7 of 50 food isolates, and 1 of 5 environmental isolates. Hence, of the isolates with the epidemic clonal genetic markers, 38% (13 of 34) were of clinical origin, 32% (16 of 50) were of food origin, and 40% (2 of 5) were of environmental origin. The predominance of the epidemic clonal markers among the clinical and environmental isolates supports the hypothesis that these markers are correlated with the pathogenic potential of strains and with their environmental persistence. Several isolates had only one epidemic clonal marker, either the ECI-specific marker 133 or the ECII-specific marker 4bSF18. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed higher genomic diversity among the strains with ECII-like characteristics than among those strains carrying the ECI-specific genetic markers.

scholarly journals DNA Probes for Unambiguous Identification of Listeria monocytogenes Epidemic Clone II Strains

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 3061-3068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Cheng ◽  
J.-W. Kim ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
R. M. Siletzky ◽  
S. Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dna Probes ◽  
Epidemic Clone ◽  
Clonal Group ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Serotype 4B

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes epidemic clone II (ECII) strains have been responsible for two major multistate outbreaks of food-borne listeriosis in the United States, but their prevalence and ecology remain poorly understood. In this study, we describe DNA probes that unambiguously identify this clonal group. These probes were able to differentiate ECII strains of outbreak, sporadic, or environmental origin from other L. monocytogenes strains of the same serotype (4b).

scholarly journals Genetic Markers Unique to Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b Differentiate Epidemic Clone II (Hot Dog Outbreak Strains) from Other Lineages

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 2383-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Evans ◽  
Bala Swaminathan ◽  
Lewis M. Graves ◽  
Eric Altermann ◽  
Todd R. Klaenhammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Epidemic Clone ◽  
Southern Blots ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Genome Sequence Information ◽  
Serotype 4B ◽  
Hot Dog

ABSTRACT A small number of closely related strains of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b, designated epidemic clone I (ECI), have been implicated in numerous outbreaks of food-borne listeriosis described during the past two decades in Europe and North America. In 1998 to 1999, a multistate outbreak traced to contaminated hot dogs involved a different strain type of serotype 4b, with genetic fingerprints rarely encountered before. In spite of the profound economic and public health impact of this outbreak, the implicated bacteria (designated epidemic clone II [ECII]) have remained poorly characterized genetically, and nucleotide sequences specific for these strains have not been reported. Using genome sequence information, PCR, and Southern blots, we identified DNA fragments which appeared to be either absent or markedly divergent in the hot dog outbreak strains but conserved among other serotype 4b strains. PCR with primers derived from these fragments as well as Southern blots with the amplicons as probes readily differentiated ECII from other serotype 4b strains. The serotype 4b-specific region harboring these fragments was adjacent to inlA, which encodes a well-characterized virulence determinant. The findings suggest that ECII strains have undergone divergence in portions of a serotype-specific region that is conserved in other serotype 4b strains. Although the mechanisms that drive this divergence remain to be identified, DNA-based tools from this region can facilitate the detection and further characterization of strains belonging to this lineage.

scholarly journals Molecular serotyping and identification of the 85M gragment in different Colombian isolates of Listeria monocytogenes strains: A descriptive study

2012 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
María Consuelo Vanegas ◽  
Mayra Viviana Medrano ◽  
Aida Juliana Martínez ◽  
Stefany Alejandra Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Epidemic Clone ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Plant Equipment ◽  
Serotype 4B ◽  
Serotype Identification ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen acquired through the consumption of contaminated foods. Thirteen serotypes have been reported, of which 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b are responsible for 98% of human listeriosis cases. This study examines the association between serotypes and virulent clones, offering greater information and providing tools to prevent and control diseases caused by L. monocytogenes serotype 4b. Objective: To identify the serotypes from L. monocytogene strains isolated from different samples by performing the molecular subtyping technique; to determine the 85M fragment that codifies for epidemic clone I. Methods : 108 strains of L. monocytogenes were used, isolated from samples of animals, body fluids, foods, and food processing plant equipment and spaces. The samples were identified by following the Bacteriological Analytical Manual protocol described by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The strains were identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using primers and a standardized protocol from a previous research project. Serotype identification was performed by multiplex PCR. The determination of the 85M fragment of the SSCS cassette was done by following the protocol by Yildrim et al. Results : Of the 108 L. monocytogenes strains analyzed, 60.2% (65 strains) belonged to the 4b-4d-4e serotype, 17.6% (19 strains) were identified as 1/2a-3a serotype, 14.8% (16 strains) were 4a-4c serotype, 3.7% (4 strains) belonged to the 1/2c-3c serotype, and (3.7%) corresponded to the 1/2b-3b-7 serotype. It was determined that the L. monocytogenes strains serotype 4b-4d-4e and 1/2a-3b have the 85M fragment of the SSCS cassette. Conclusion : This study reports the predominant existence of L. monocytogenes strains serotype 4b-4d-4e in food, environmental, and clinical samples. The presence of an epidemic clone I region was also found in L. monocytogenes strains.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes LL195, a Serotype 4b Strain from the 1983-1987 Listeriosis Epidemic in Switzerland

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Weinmaier ◽  
M. Riesing ◽  
T. Rattei ◽  
J. Bille ◽  
C. Arguedas-Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Serotype 4B

Gene Transcription Patterns of pH- and Salt-Stressed Listeria monocytogenes Cells in Simulated Gastric and Pancreatic Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIOS MATARAGAS ◽  
ANNA GREPPI ◽  
KALLIOPI RANTSIOU ◽  
LUCA COCOLIN
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Fermented Sausage ◽  
Laboratory Reference ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Serotype 4B

A Listeria monocytogenes subgenomic array, targeting 54 genes involved in the adhesion, adaptation, intracellular life cycle, invasion, and regulation of the infection cycle was used to investigate the gene expression patterns of acid- and salt-stressed Listeria cells after exposure to conditions similar to those in gastric and pancreatic fluids. Three L. monocytogenes strains, one laboratory reference strain (EGDe) and two food isolates (wild strain 12 isolated from milk and wild strain 3 isolated from fermented sausage), were used during the studies. Differences in the expressed genes were observed between the gastric and pancreatic treatments and also between the serotypes. Increased transcripts were observed of the genes belonging to the adaptation and regulation group for serotype 4b (strain 12) and to the invasion and regulation group for serotype 1/2a (strain EGDe). Interestingly, no significantly differentially expressed genes were found for serotype 3c (strain 3) in most cases. The genes related to adaptation (serotype 1/2a) and to intracellular life cycle and invasion (serotype 4b) were down-regulated in order to cope with the hostile environment of the gastric and pancreatic fluids. These findings may provide experimental evidence for the dominance of serotypes 1/2a and 4b in clinical cases of listeriosis and for the sporadic occurrence of serotype 3c.

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