scholarly journals Thermophilic Lifestyle for an Uncultured Archaeon from Hydrothermal Vents: Evidence from Environmental Genomics

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 2268-2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Moussard ◽  
Ghislaine Henneke ◽  
David Moreira ◽  
Vincent Jouffe ◽  
Purificacion López-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Thermoplasma Acidophilum ◽  
Environmental Genomics ◽  
Optimal Activity ◽  
Thermophilic Archaeon ◽  
Uncultured Archaea

ABSTRACT We present a comparative analysis of two genome fragments isolated from a diverse and widely distributed group of uncultured euryarchaea from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The optimal activity and thermostability of a DNA polymerase predicted in one fragment were close to that of the thermophilic archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum, providing evidence for a thermophilic way of life of this group of uncultured archaea.

scholarly journals Chemosynthesis in the deep-sea: life without the sun

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 17037-17052 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Use Of Resources

Abstract. Chemosynthetic communities in the deep-sea can be found at hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, whale falls and wood falls. While these communities have been suggested to exist in isolation from solar energy, much of the life associated with them relies either directly or indirectly on photosynthesis in the surface waters of the oceans. The sun indirectly provides oxygen, a byproduct of photosynthesis, which aerobic chemosynthetic microorganisms require to synthesize organic carbon from CO2. Planktonic life stages of many vent and cold seep invertebrates also directly feed on photosynthetically produced organic matter as they disperse to new vent and seep systems. While a large portion of the life at deep-sea chemosynthetic habitats can be linked to the sun and so could not survive without it, a small portion of anaerobically chemosynthetic microorganisms can persist in its absence. These small and exotic organisms have developed a way of life in the deep-sea which involves the use of resources originating in their entirety from terrestrial sources.

scholarly journals Deep-sea vent phage DNA polymerase specifically initiates DNA synthesis in the absence of primers

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. E2310-E2318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Longfei Wang ◽  
Hitoshi Mitsunobu ◽  
Xueling Lu ◽  
Alfredo J. Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Phage Dna

scholarly journals Growth and Phylogenetic Properties of Novel Bacteria Belonging to the Epsilon Subdivision of the Proteobacteria Enriched fromAlvinella pompejana and Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 4566-4572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Campbell ◽  
Christian Jeanthon ◽  
Joel E. Kostka ◽  
George W. Luther ◽  
S. Craig Cary
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Novel Bacteria

ABSTRACT Recent molecular characterizations of microbial communities from deep-sea hydrothermal sites indicate the predominance of bacteria belonging to the epsilon subdivision of Proteobacteria(epsilon Proteobacteria). Here, we report the first enrichments and characterizations of four epsilonProteobacteria that are directly associated withAlvinella pompejana, a deep sea hydrothermal vent polychete, or with hydrothermal vent chimney samples. These novel bacteria were moderately thermophilic sulfur-reducing heterotrophs growing on formate as the energy and carbon source. In addition, two of them (Am-H and Ex-18.2) could grow on sulfur lithoautrotrophically using hydrogen as the electron donor. Optimal growth temperatures of the bacteria ranged from 41 to 45°C. Phylogenetic analysis of the small-subunit ribosomal gene of the two heterotrophic bacteria demonstrated 95% similarity to Sulfurospirillum arcachonense, an epsilon Proteobacteria isolated from an oxidized marine surface sediment. The autotrophic bacteria grouped within a deeply branching clade of the epsilonProteobacteria, to date composed only of uncultured bacteria detected in a sample from a hydrothermal vent along the mid-Atlantic ridge. A molecular survey of various hydrothermal vent environments demonstrated the presence of two of these bacteria (Am-N and Am-H) in more than one geographic location and habitat. These results suggest that certain epsilonProteobacteria likely fill important niches in the environmental habitats of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, where they contribute to overall carbon and sulfur cycling at moderate thermophilic temperatures.

scholarly journals Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata) from reducing and non-reducing environments in the North Atlantic Ocean

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Stöhr ◽  
Michel Segonzac
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Blake Ridge ◽  
Reducing Environment

The animal communities associated with the deep-sea reducing environment have been studied for almost 30 years, but until now only a single species of ophiuroid, Ophioctenella acies, has been found at both hydrothermal vents and methane cold seeps. Since the faunal overlap between vent and seep communities is small and many endemic species have been found among other taxa (e.g. Mollusca, Crustacea), additional species of ophiuroids were expected at previously unstudied sites. Chemical compositions at reducing sites differ greatly from the nearby bathyal environment. Generally, species adapted to chemosynthetic environments are not found in non-chemosynthetic habitats, but occasional visitors of other bathyal species to vent and seep sites have been recorded among many taxa except ophiuroids. This paper presents an analysis of the ophiuroid fauna found at hydrothermal vents and non-reducing nearby sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and on methane cold seeps in the Gulf of Mexico, at Blake Ridge off South Carolina and south of Barbados. In addition to O. acies, four species were found at vents, Ophiactis tyleri sp. nov., Ophiocten centobi, Ophiomitra spinea and Ophiotreta valenciennesi rufescens. While Ophioctenella acies appears to be restricted to chemosynthetic areas, the other four species were also found in other bathyal habitats. They also occur in low numbers (mostly single individuals), whereas species adapted to hydrothermal areas typically occur in large numbers. Ophioscolex tripapillatus sp. nov. and Ophiophyllum atlanticum sp. nov. are described from nearby non-chemosynthetic sites. In a cold seep south of Barbados, three species of ophiuroids were found, including Ophioctenella acies, Amphiura sp., Ophiacantha longispina sp. nov. and Ophioplinthaca chelys. From the cold seeps at Blake Ridge and the Gulf of Mexico, Ophienigma spinilimbatum gen. et sp. nov. is described, likely restricted to the reducing environment. Ophiotreta valenciennesi rufescens occurred abundantly among Lophelia corals in the Gulf of Mexico seeps, which is the first record of this species from the West Atlantic. Habitat descriptions complement the taxonomic considerations, and the distribution of the animals in reducing environments is discussed.

Characterization of DNA polymerase δ from deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Wenlin Wu ◽  
Hongyun Li ◽  
Tiantian Ma ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Dna Polymerase Δ ◽  
Rimicaris Exoculata

Pressure and Temperature Adaptation of Cytosolic Malate Dehydrogenases of Shallowand Deep-Living Marine Invertebrates: Evidence for High Body Temperatures in Hydrothermal Vent Animals

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH DAHLHOFF ◽  
GEORGE N. SOMERO
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Pressures

Effects of temperature and hydrostatic pressure were measured on cytosolic malate dehydrogenases (cMDHs) from muscle tissue of a variety of shallow- and deep-living benthic marine invertebrates, including seven species endemic to the deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of coenzyme (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH), used to index temperature and pressure effects, was conserved within a narrow range (approximately 15–25 μmoll−1) at physiological temperatures and pressures for all species. However, at elevated pressures, the Km of NADH rose sharply for cMDHs of shallow species (depths of occurrence >Approximately 500 m), but not for the cMDHs of deep-sea species. Cytosolic MDHs of invertebrates from the deep-sea hydrothermal vents generally were not perturbed by elevated temperatures (15–25°C) at in situ pressures, but cMDHs of cold-adapted deep-sea species were. At a single measurement temperature, the Km of NADH for cMDHs from invertebrates from habitats with well-characterized temperatures was inversely related to maximal sustained body temperature. This correlation was used to predict the maximal sustained body temperatures of vent invertebrates for which maximal habitat and body temperatures are difficult to estimate. Species occurring on the ‘smoker chimneys’, which emit waters with temperatures up to 380°C, are predicted to have sustained body temperatures that are approximately 20–25°C higher than vent species living in cooler vent microhabitats. We conclude that, just as adaptation of enzymes to elevated pressures is important in establishing species’ depth distribution patterns, adaptation of pressure-adapted enzymes to temperature is critical in enabling certain vent species to exploit warm-water microhabitats in the vent environment.

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