scholarly journals Improved Methodology for Bioremoval of Black Crusts on Historical Stone Artworks by Use of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3733-3737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Cappitelli ◽  
Elisabetta Zanardini ◽  
Giancarlo Ranalli ◽  
Emilio Mello ◽  
Daniele Daffonchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Black Crusts ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Cell Carriers

ABSTRACT An improved methodology to remove black crusts from stone by using Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris ATCC 29579, a sulfate-reducing bacterium, is presented. The strain removed 98% of the sulfates of the crust in a 45-h treatment. Precipitation of black iron sulfide was avoided using filtration of a medium devoid of iron. Among three cell carriers, Carbogel proved to be superior to both sepiolite and Hydrobiogel-97, as it allowed an easy application of the bacteria, kept the system in a state where microbial activity was maintained, and allowed easy removal of the cells after the treatment.

scholarly journals Microbial Corrosion of API 5L X-70 Carbon Steel by ATCC 7757 and Consortium of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Abdullah ◽  
Nordin Yahaya ◽  
Norhazilan Md Noor ◽  
Rosilawati Mohd Rasol
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Corrosion Morphology ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Various cases of accidents involving microbiology influenced corrosion (MIC) were reported by the oil and gas industry. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) have always been linked to MIC mechanisms as one of the major causes of localized corrosion problems. In this study, SRB colonies were isolated from the soil in suspected areas near the natural gas transmission pipeline in Malaysia. The effects of ATCC 7757 and consortium of isolated SRB upon corrosion on API 5L X-70 carbon steel coupon were investigated using a weight loss method, an open circuit potential method (OCP), and a potentiodynamic polarization curves method in anaerobic conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were then used to determine the corrosion morphology in verifying the SRB activity and corrosion products formation. Results from the study show that the corrosion rate (CR) of weight loss method for the isolated SRB is recorded as 0.2017 mm/yr compared to 0.2530 mm/yr for ATCC 7757. The Tafel plot recorded the corrosion rate of 0.3290 mm/yr for Sg. Ular SRB and 0.2500 mm/yr forDesulfovibrio vulgaris. The results showed that the consortia of isolated SRB were of comparable effects and features with the single ATCC 7757 strain.

scholarly journals Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Accumulation in Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Identification of a Class III PHA Synthase (PhaEC) in Desulfococcus multivorans

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4440-4448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Hai ◽  
Daniela Lange ◽  
Ralf Rabus ◽  
Alexander Steinbüchel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Pha Synthase ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Desulfobacterium Autotrophicum ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Desulfococcus Multivorans

ABSTRACT Seven strains of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were tested for the accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). During growth with benzoate Desulfonema magnum accumulated large amounts of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [poly(3HB)]. Desulfosarcina variabilis (during growth with benzoate), Desulfobotulus sapovorans (during growth with caproate), and Desulfobacterium autotrophicum (during growth with caproate) accumulated poly(3HB) that accounted for 20 to 43% of cell dry matter. Desulfobotulus sapovorans and Desulfobacterium autotrophicum also synthesized copolyesters consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate when valerate was used as the growth substrate. Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfotalea psychrophila were the only SRB tested in which PHAs were not detected. When total DNA isolated from Desulfococcus multivorans and specific primers deduced from highly conserved regions of known PHA synthases (PhaC) were used, a PCR product homologous to the central region of class III PHA synthases was obtained. The complete pha locus of Desulfococcus multivorans was subsequently obtained by inverse PCR, and it contained adjacent phaEDm and phaCDm genes. PhaC Dm and PhaE Dm were composed of 371 and 306 amino acid residues and showed up to 49 or 23% amino acid identity to the corresponding subunits of other class III PHA synthases. Constructs of phaCDm alone (pBBRMCS-2::phaCDm ) and of phaEDmCDm (pBBRMCS-2::phaEDmCDm ) in various vectors were obtained and transferred to several strains of Escherichia coli, as well as to the PHA-negative mutants PHB−4 and GPp104 of Ralstonia eutropha and Pseudomonas putida, respectively. In cells of the recombinant strains harboring phaEDmCDm small but significant amounts (up to 1.7% of cell dry matter) of poly(3HB) and of PHA synthase activity (up to 1.5 U/mg protein) were detected. This indicated that the cloned genes encode functionally active proteins. Hybrid synthases consisting of PhaC Dm and PhaE of Thiococcus pfennigii or Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6308 were also constructed and were shown to be functionally active.

Effects of Nutrition on Mild Steel Corrosion by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria under Aerobic Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 625-630
Author(s):  
Dong Xia Duan ◽  
Cun Guo Lin ◽  
Guang Zhou Liu ◽  
Ping Yao
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Mild Steel Corrosion ◽  
Artificial Biofilm ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) are traditionally considered as anaerobic organism. In this paper, the potential of sulfate reducing bacteria to cause mild steel corrosion under aerobic situation was investigated. Natural biopolymer agar and sulfate reducing bacteria cells were used to produce artificial biofilm. Micro-sensors were used to investigate the microenvironment in artificial biofilm. Environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to study mild steel corrosion covered by artificial biofilm. The results indicated that SRB could grow and reduce sulfate both in suspension and in biofilm. The hydrogen sulfide produced by SRB and mild steel corrosion were influenced by the nutrients in the environment. The concentration of H2S in SRB biofilm exposed to culture medium was as twenty times as that exposed to marine water. The main corrosion product of mild steel in culture medium was iron sulfide, whereas the main product of mild steel in marine water was iron oxide.

The effect of gram-positive (Desulfosporosinus orientis) and gram-negative (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) sulfate-reducing bacteria on iron sulfide mineral precipitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Stanley ◽  
Gordon Southam
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfide Mineral ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Cell Autolysis ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Growth of two dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfosporosinus orientis (gram-positive) and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (gram-negative), in a chemically defined culture medium resulted in similar growth rates (doubling times for each culture = 2.8 h) and comparable rates of H2S generation (D. orientis = 0.19 nmol/L S2–per cell per h; D. desulfuricans = 0.12 nmol/L S2–per cell per h). Transmission electron microscopy of whole mounts and thin sections revealed that the iron sulfide mineral precipitates produced by the two cultures were morphologically different. The D. orientis culture flocculated, with the minerals occurring as subhedral plate-like precipitates, which nucleated on the cell wall during exponential growth producing extensive mineral aggregates following cell autolysis and endospore release. In contrast, the D. desulfuricans culture produced fine-grained colloidal or platy iron sulfide precipitates primarily within the bulk solution. Mineral analysis by scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive spectroscopy indicated that neither culture promoted advanced mineral development beyond a 1:1 Fe:S stoichiometry. This analysis did not detect pyrite (FeS2). The average Fe:S ratios were 1 : 1.09 ± 0.03 at 24 h and 1 : 1.08 ± 0.03 at 72 h for D. orientis and 1 : 1.05 ± 0.02 at 24 h and 1 : 1.09 ± 0.07 at 72 h for D. desulfuricans. The formation of “biogenic” iron sulfides by dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria is influenced by bacterial cell surface structure, chemistry, and growth strategy, i.e., mineral aggregation occurred with cell autolysis of the gram-positive bacterium.

scholarly journals Diversity of Dissimilatory Bisulfite Reductase Genes of Bacteria Associated with the Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Polychaete Annelid Alvinella pompejana

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1127-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Cottrell ◽  
S. Craig Cary
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Clone Library ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Alvinella Pompejana ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT A unique community of bacteria colonizes the dorsal integument of the polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana, which inhabits the high-temperature environments of active deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise. The composition of this bacterial community was characterized in previous studies by using a 16S rRNA gene clone library and in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes. In the present study, a pair of PCR primers (P94-F and P93-R) were used to amplify a segment of the dissimilatory bisulfite reductase gene from DNA isolated from the community of bacteria associated withA. pompejana. The goal was to assess the presence and diversity of bacteria with the capacity to use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor. A clone library of bisulfite reductase gene PCR products was constructed and characterized by restriction fragment and sequence analysis. Eleven clone families were identified. Two of the 11 clone families, SR1 and SR6, contained 82% of the clones. DNA sequence analysis of a clone from each family indicated that they are dissimilatory bisulfite reductase genes most similar to the dissimilatory bisulfite reductase genes of Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Desulfovibrio gigas, Desulfobacterium autotrophicum, and Desulfobacter latus. Similarities to the dissimilatory bisulfite reductases ofThermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii, the sulfide oxidizerChromatium vinosum, the sulfur reducerPyrobaculum islandicum, and the archaeal sulfate reducerArchaeoglobus fulgidus were lower. Phylogenetic analysis separated the clone families into groups that probably represent two genera of previously uncharacterized sulfate-reducing bacteria. The presence of dissimilatory bisulfite reductase genes is consistent with recent temperature and chemical measurements that documented a lack of dissolved oxygen in dwelling tubes of the worm. The diversity of dissimilatory bisulfite reductase genes in the bacterial community on the back of the worm suggests a prominent role for anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria in the ecology of A. pompejana.

Pyrite and the Global Environment

Pyrite ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rickard
Keyword(s):  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfide Mineral ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Global Dynamic ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The two basic processes concerning pyrite in the environment are the formation of pyrite, which usually involves reduction of sulfate to sulfide, and the destruction of pyrite, which usually involves oxidation of sulfide to sulfate. On an ideal planet these two processes might be exactly balanced. But pyrite is buried in sediments sometimes for hundreds of millions of years, and the sulfur in this buried pyrite is removed from the system, so the balance is disturbed. The lack of balance between sulfide oxidation and sulfate reduction powers a global dynamic cycle for sulfur. This would be complex enough if this were the whole story. However, as we have seen, both the reduction and oxidation arms of the global cycle are essentially biological—specifically microbiological—processes. This means that there is an intrinsic link between the sulfur cycle and life on Earth. In this chapter, we examine the central role that pyrite plays, and has played, in determining the surface environment of the planet. In doing so we reveal how pyrite, the humble iron sulfide mineral, is a key component of maintaining and developing life on Earth. In Chapter 4 we concluded that Mother Nature must be particularly fond of pyrite framboids: a thousand billion of these microscopic raspberry-like spheres are formed in sediments every second. If we translate this into sulfur production, some 60 million tons of sulfur is buried as pyrite in sediments each year. But this is only a fraction of the total amount of sulfide produced every year by sulfate-reducing bacteria. In 1982 the Danish geomicrobiologist Bo Barker Jørgensen discovered that as much as 90% of the sulfide produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria was rapidly reoxidized by sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms. Sulfate-reducing microorganisms actually produce about 300 million tons of sulfur each year, but about 240 million tons is reoxidized. The magnitude of the sulfide production by sulfate-reducing bacte­ria can be appreciated by comparison with the sulfur produced by volcanoes. As discussed in Chapter 5, it was previously supposed that all sulfur, and thus pyrite, had a volcanic origin. In fact volcanoes produce just 10 million tons of sulfur each year.

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