scholarly journals Human endogenous retroviruses: nature, occurrence, and clinical implications in human disease.

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
H B Urnovitz ◽  
W H Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell Leukemia Virus ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Disease Entities

Retroviral diagnostics have become standard in human laboratory medicine. While current emphasis is placed on the human exogenous viruses (human immunodeficiency virus and human T-cell leukemia virus), evidence implicating human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in various human disease entities continues to mount. Literature on the occurrence of HERVs in human tissues and cells was analyzed. Substantial evidence documents that retrovirus particles were clearly demonstrable in various tissues and cells in both health and disease and were abundant in the placenta and that their occurrence could be implicated in some of the reproductive diseases. The characteristics of HERVs are summarized, mechanisms of replication and regulation are outlined, and the consistent hormonal responsiveness of HERVs is noted. Clear evidence implicating HERV gene products as participants in glomerulonephritis in some cases of systemic lupus erythematosus is adduced. Data implicating HERVs as etiologic factors in reproductive diseases, in some of the autoimmune diseases, in some forms of rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue disease, in psoriasis, and in some of the inflammatory neurologic diseases are reviewed. The current major needs are to improve methods for HERV detection, to identify the most appropriate HERV prototypes, and to develop diagnostic reagents so that the putative biologic and pathologic roles of HERVs can be better evaluated.

scholarly journals Separation of human plasma factor IX from HTLV-I or HIV by immunoaffinity chromatography using conformation-specific antibodies

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1312-1315
Author(s):  
SA Limentani ◽  
BC Furie ◽  
BJ Poiesz ◽  
R Montagna ◽  
K Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Immunoaffinity Chromatography ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Viral Contamination ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell Leukemia Virus

Immunoaffinity chromatography using conformation-specific antibodies yields pure factor IX from human plasma in a single rapid, facile purification step. We evaluated this technique to determine whether factor IX can be separated from human T cell leukemia virus-I (HTLV-I) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in plasma supplemented with these viruses. Viral content was determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay sensitive to 50 ng viral protein. Both HTLV- I and HIV coeluted with unbound protein. Neither HTLV-I nor HIV was detected in purified factor IX. We conclude that, to the limits of detection, factor IX purified by this method is free of viral contamination.

scholarly journals Infusional cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide in human immunodeficiency virus- and human T-cell leukemia virus type I-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a highly active regimen

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 2810-2815 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Sparano ◽  
PH Wiernik ◽  
M Strack ◽  
A Leaf ◽  
N Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cell Leukemia Virus Type ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell Leukemia Virus ◽  
Prognostic Feature ◽  
Poor Prognostic Feature

Abstract Fourteen patients with poor-prognosis intermediate- to high-grade non- Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (12 patients) or human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) infection (two patients) received cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, and etoposide 240 mg/m2 administered as a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion over 4 days (infusional CDE); treatment was repeated every 28 or more days for up to six cycles. All HIV-positive patients had at least one poor prognostic feature, which included either extranodal disease (10 patients), Karnofsky performance status less than 70% (six patients), a CD4 count less than 100/microL (six patients), or a prior history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; one patient). Both HTLV-I-positive patients had an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, a poor prognostic feature in that setting. Complete response (CR) occurred in 10 patients (71%; 95% confidence interval, 48% to 95%) and partial response (PR) occurred in three patients (21%), yielding an overall objective response rate of approximately 93%. The estimated Kaplan-Meier median survival was 17.4 months; seven of 12 HIV-positive patients are alive and disease-free with a median follow-up of 15 months (range, 7 to 24 months). Hospitalization was required after 19% of treatment cycles due to fever associated with granulocytopenia. Documented or suspected opportunistic infection occurred in five patients (36%), bacteremia occurred in three patients (21%), and candidemia occurred in one patient (7%). There was one treatment-related death attributable to disseminated aspergillosis. This pilot study suggests that infusional CDE may be a highly active regimen capable of producing durable remissions in a high proportion of patients with HIV-related NHL. Further study is required to confirm this observation.

scholarly journals Separation of human plasma factor IX from HTLV-I or HIV by immunoaffinity chromatography using conformation-specific antibodies

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1312-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Limentani ◽  
BC Furie ◽  
BJ Poiesz ◽  
R Montagna ◽  
K Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Immunoaffinity Chromatography ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Viral Contamination ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell Leukemia Virus

Abstract Immunoaffinity chromatography using conformation-specific antibodies yields pure factor IX from human plasma in a single rapid, facile purification step. We evaluated this technique to determine whether factor IX can be separated from human T cell leukemia virus-I (HTLV-I) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in plasma supplemented with these viruses. Viral content was determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay sensitive to 50 ng viral protein. Both HTLV- I and HIV coeluted with unbound protein. Neither HTLV-I nor HIV was detected in purified factor IX. We conclude that, to the limits of detection, factor IX purified by this method is free of viral contamination.

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