scholarly journals Evaluation of the Ultrasensitive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) p24 Antigen Assay Performed on Dried Blood Spots for Diagnosis of HIV-1 Infection in Infants

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet C. Patton ◽  
Ashraf H. Coovadia ◽  
Tammy M. Meyers ◽  
Gayle G. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Antigen Assay ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
P24 Antigen ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The diagnostic accuracy of the modified p24 antigen assay performed on pediatric dried blood spots was evaluated. Samples analyzed within 6 weeks of collection yielded no false-positive results (specificity, 100%) and few false-negative results (sensitivity, 96.5% to 98.3%). Laboratory services with limited resources should assess this option for routine infant diagnosis.

Confirmation and differentiation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 with a strip-based assay including recombinant antigens and synthetic peptides

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1700-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Pollet ◽  
E L Saman ◽  
D C Peeters ◽  
H M Warmenbol ◽  
L M Heyndrickx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Synthetic Peptides ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract We evaluated the use of the INNO-LIA HIV-1/HIV-2 Ab test (LIA HIV; Innogenetics) for the confirmation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2). The test includes three recombinant HIV-1 proteins: p24 (gag), p17 (gag), and endonuclease (p31; pol), in combination with two synthetic peptides derived from the env gene of HIV-1 and one synthetic peptide selected from the env gene of HIV-2. Analysis of 450 sera from blood donors, 220 sera from patients with non-HIV pathology, and 28 Western blot (WB) p24-only reactive sera revealed no false-positive results, and the rate of indeterminate results was substantially lower than that with WB. Testing of 334 WB-confirmed HIV antibody-positive sera (309 HIV-1; 25 HIV-2) revealed no false-negative results. In two of seven seroconversion panels tested, LIA HIV detected the presence of HIV antibodies before WB did. In the other five panels, LIA HIV and WB confirmed the presence of HIV antibodies in the same sample. The LIA HIV assay therefore appears well suited for routine confirmation of the presence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies.

scholarly journals Detection of False-Negative Results in Nested Primer PCR of Proviral HIV-1 DNA

BioTechniques ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Zimmermann ◽  
Barbara Plaimauer ◽  
Daniela Schögl ◽  
Josef W. Mannhalter
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Fluorometric detection of HIV-1 genome through use of an internal control, inosine-substituted primers, and microtiter plate format

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Gérard ◽  
C Peponnet ◽  
G Brunie ◽  
H Cavé ◽  
E Denamur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Fluorometric Detection ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract We describe a PCR-based fluorometric assay for the detection of the HIV-1 genome. This technique consists of a reverse hybridization with oligonucleotide probes covalently coated onto a microtiter plate as a solid support. Several improvements to the PCR amplification and detection steps gave greater sensitivity and specificity for HIV-1 screening and resulted in a convenient and rapid technique. False-positive results were avoided by using uracyl DNA glycosylase. False-negative results from the presence of PCR inhibitors were detected by coamplifying an internal control with the viral sequence. False-negative results from viral genome variability were limited by using two pairs of primers and by incorporating inosine at the primer positions corresponding to viral polymorphic nucleotides. Furthermore, the hybridization buffer and enzymatic reaction were optimized to increase the assay's sensitivity. The sensitivity and specificity of the fluorometric detection were similar to those of radioisotopic oligonucleotide solution hybridization; however, hands-on time was reduced, and the use of radioactivity was eliminated. We have used this technique routinely on 115 samples and obtained 100% specificity and high sensitivity (only one false-negative result) according to viral culture and (or) serological status of the patients.

scholarly journals Combined Newborn Screening for Succinylacetone, Amino Acids, and Acylcarnitines in Dried Blood Spots

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coleman Turgeon ◽  
Mark J Magera ◽  
Pierre Allard ◽  
Silvia Tortorelli ◽  
Dimitar Gavrilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Type I ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Negative Results

Abstract Background: Tyrosinemia type I (TYR 1) is a disorder causing early death if left untreated. Newborn screening (NBS) for this condition is problematic because determination of the diagnostic marker, succinylacetone (SUAC), requires a separate first-tier or only partially effective second-tier analysis based on tyrosine concentration. To overcome these problems, we developed a new assay that simultaneously determines acylcarnitines (AC), amino acids (AA), and SUAC in dried blood spots (DBS) by flow injection tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Methods: We extracted 3/16-inch DBS punches with 300 μL methanol containing AA and AC stable isotope-labeled internal standards. This extract was derivatized with butanol-HCl. In parallel, we extracted SUAC from the residual filter paper with 100 μL of a 15 mmol/L hydrazine solution containing the internal standard 13C5-SUAC. We combined the derivatized aliquots in acetonitrile for MS/MS analysis of AC and AA with additional SRM experiments for SUAC (m/z 155–137) and 13C5-SUAC (m/z 160–142). Analysis time was 1.2 min. Results: SUAC was increased in retrospectively analyzed NBS samples of 11 TYR 1 patients (length of storage, 52 months to 1 week; SUAC range, 13–81 μmol/L), with Tyr concentrations ranging from 65 to 293 μmol/L in the original NBS analysis. The mean concentration of SUAC in 13 521 control DBS was 1.25 μmol/L. Conclusion: The inclusion of SUAC analysis into routine analysis of AC and AA allows for rapid and cost-effective screening for TYR 1 with no tangible risk of false-negative results.

False‐negative results for HIV‐1

1995 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan St C Anderson ◽  
Stephen A Locarnini ◽  
Richard R Doherty ◽  
Alan M Breschkin ◽  
Elizabeth M Dax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Stability of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serological Markers in Samples Collected as HemaSpot and Whatman 903 Dried Blood Spots

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Manak ◽  
Holly R. Hack ◽  
Ashley L. Shutt ◽  
Brook A. Danboise ◽  
Linda L. Jagodzinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Early Infection ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Signal Recovery ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTDried blood spots (DBS) are frequently used in clinical testing for biosurveillance, infectious disease and confirmatory testing, and clinical trials, particularly for populations in remote areas. The HemaSpot-HF blood collection device (HS) provides an alternative format to the Whatman 903 cards (903) to simplify sample collection and processing. In this study, the performance of the HS was compared to that of the 903 using previously characterized clinical specimens and HIV seroconversion panels known to exhibit markers of early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HS and 903 samples were prepared and tested by Bio-Rad GS HIV Combo Ag/Ab enzyme immunoassay (EIA), GS HIV-1/-2 Plus O EIA, GS HIV-1 Western blot, and HIV-1 Geenius assays. Both HS and 903 performed well for up to 6 months at room temperature, but a marked loss of Western blot and low titer antibody signals from early infection samples was observed in samples stored for 180 days at elevated (37 to 45°C) temperatures and high humidity (95%). HemaSpot samples placed in sealed bags with additional desiccant were protected from degradation and showed improved signal recovery relative to that of the 903. HS was easier to use than the 903 and showed higher sensitivity and reproducibility for early infection samples and improved stability.

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