ENVOY Is a Major Determinant in Regulation of Sexual Development in Hypocrea jecorina (
            Trichoderma reesei
            )

ABSTRACT Light is one crucial environmental signal which can determine whether a fungus reproduces asexually or initiates sexual development. Mating in the ascomycete Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei ) occurs preferentially in light. We therefore investigated the relevance of the light response machinery for sexual development in H. jecorina . We found that the photoreceptors BLR1 and BLR2 and the light-regulatory protein ENV1 have no effect on male fertility, while ENV1 is essential for female fertility. BLR1 and BLR2 were found to impact fruiting body formation although they are not essential for mating. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed that BLR1, BLR2, and ENV1 negatively regulate transcript levels of both pheromone receptors as well as peptide pheromone precursors in light but not in darkness and in a mating type-dependent manner. The effect of BLR1 and BLR2 on regulation of pheromone precursor and receptor genes is less severe than that of ENV1 as strains lacking env1 show 100-fold (for ppg1 ) to more than 100,000-fold (for hpp1 ) increased transcript levels of pheromone precursor genes as well as more than 20-fold increased levels of hpr1 , the pheromone receptor receiving the HPP1 signal in a MAT1-1 strain. ENV1 likely integrates additional signals besides light, and our results indicate that its function is partially mediated via regulation of mat1-2-1 . We conclude that ENV1 is essential for balancing the levels of genes regulated in a mating-type-dependent manner, which contributes to determination of sexual identity and fruiting body formation.

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Developmental Dynamics of Long Noncoding RNA Expression during Sexual Fruiting Body Formation in Fusarium graminearum

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.01292-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Wonyong Kim ◽

Cristina Miguel-Rojas ◽

Jie Wang ◽

Jeffrey P. Townsend ◽

Frances Trail

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Sexual Development ◽

Fruiting Body ◽

Long Noncoding Rna ◽

Noncoding Rna ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Fruiting Body Formation ◽

Content Type ◽

Body Formation ◽

Antisense Lncrnas

ABSTRACT Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays important roles in sexual development in eukaryotes. In filamentous fungi, however, little is known about the expression and roles of lncRNAs during fruiting body formation. By profiling developmental transcriptomes during the life cycle of the plant-pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum, we identified 547 lncRNAs whose expression was highly dynamic, with about 40% peaking at the meiotic stage. Many lncRNAs were found to be antisense to mRNAs, forming 300 sense-antisense pairs. Although small RNAs were produced from these overlapping loci, antisense lncRNAs appeared not to be involved in gene silencing pathways. Genome-wide analysis of small RNA clusters identified many silenced loci at the meiotic stage. However, we found transcriptionally active small RNA clusters, many of which were associated with lncRNAs. Also, we observed that many antisense lncRNAs and their respective sense transcripts were induced in parallel as the fruiting bodies matured. The nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway is known to determine the fates of lncRNAs as well as mRNAs. Thus, we analyzed mutants defective in NMD and identified a subset of lncRNAs that were induced during sexual development but suppressed by NMD during vegetative growth. These results highlight the developmental stage-specific nature and functional potential of lncRNA expression in shaping the fungal fruiting bodies and provide fundamental resources for studying sexual stage-induced lncRNAs. IMPORTANCE Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of the head blight on our major staple crops, wheat and corn. The fruiting body formation on the host plants is indispensable for the disease cycle and epidemics. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) molecules are emerging as key regulatory components for sexual development in animals and plants. To date, however, there is a paucity of information on the roles of lncRNAs in fungal fruiting body formation. Here we characterized hundreds of lncRNAs that exhibited developmental stage-specific expression patterns during fruiting body formation. Also, we discovered that many lncRNAs were induced in parallel with their overlapping transcripts on the opposite DNA strand during sexual development. Finally, we found a subset of lncRNAs that were regulated by an RNA surveillance system during vegetative growth. This research provides fundamental genomic resources that will spur further investigations on lncRNAs that may play important roles in shaping fungal fruiting bodies.

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Complete Genome Sequence of the Fruiting Myxobacterium Myxococcus macrosporus Strain DSM 14697, Generated by PacBio Sequencing

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.01127-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (40) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anke Treuner-Lange ◽

Marc Bruckskotten ◽

Oliver Rupp ◽

Alexander Goesmann ◽

Lotte Søgaard-Andersen

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Fruiting Body ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Fruiting Body Formation ◽

Pacbio Sequencing ◽

Content Type ◽

Body Formation ◽

Sequencing Platform ◽

Developmental Program

ABSTRACT Members of the Myxococcales order initiate a developmental program in response to starvation that culminates in formation of spore-filled fruiting bodies. To investigate the genetic basis for fruiting body formation, we present the complete 8.9-Mb genome sequence of Myxococcus macrosporus strain DSM 14697, generated using the PacBio sequencing platform.

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Functional Characterization of MAT1-1-Specific Mating-Type Genes in the Homothallic Ascomycete Sordaria macrospora Provides New Insights into Essential and Nonessential Sexual Regulators

Eukaryotic Cell ◽

10.1128/ec.00019-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 894-905 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

V. Klix ◽

M. Nowrousian ◽

C. Ringelberg ◽

J. J. Loros ◽

J. C. Dunlap ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mating Type ◽

Sexual Development ◽

Fruiting Body ◽

Content Type ◽

Sordaria Macrospora ◽

Body Development ◽

Protein Encoding ◽

Fruiting Body Development ◽

Mating Type Genes ◽

Domain Protein

ABSTRACT Mating-type genes in fungi encode regulators of mating and sexual development. Heterothallic ascomycete species require different sets of mating-type genes to control nonself-recognition and mating of compatible partners of different mating types. Homothallic (self-fertile) species also carry mating-type genes in their genome that are essential for sexual development. To analyze the molecular basis of homothallism and the role of mating-type genes during fruiting-body development, we deleted each of the three genes, SmtA-1 (MAT1-1-1), SmtA-2 (MAT1-1-2), and SmtA-3 (MAT1-1-3), contained in the MAT1-1 part of the mating-type locus of the homothallic ascomycete species Sordaria macrospora. Phenotypic analysis of deletion mutants revealed that the PPF domain protein-encoding gene SmtA-2 is essential for sexual reproduction, whereas the α domain protein-encoding genes SmtA-1 and SmtA-3 play no role in fruiting-body development. By means of cross-species microarray analysis using Neurospora crassa oligonucleotide microarrays hybridized with S. macrospora targets and quantitative real-time PCR, we identified genes expressed under the control of SmtA-1 and SmtA-2. Both genes are involved in the regulation of gene expression, including that of pheromone genes.

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Draft Genome Sequence of the Fruiting Myxobacterium Nannocystis exedens DSM 71

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.01227-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (43) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anke Treuner-Lange ◽

Marc Bruckskotten ◽

Oliver Rupp ◽

Alexander Goesmann ◽

Lotte Søgaard-Andersen

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Fruiting Body ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Gc Content ◽

Genetic Program ◽

Draft Genome Sequence ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Fruiting Body Formation ◽

Content Type ◽

Body Formation

ABSTRACT In response to starvation, members of the order Myxococcales form morphologically very different fruiting bodies. To determine whether fruiting myxobacteria share a common genetic program that leads to fruiting body formation, we sequenced and assembled the genome of Nannocystis exedens DSM 71 as two contigs with a total GC content of 72%.

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Dehydrogenase GRD1 Represents a Novel Component of the Cellulase Regulon in Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina)

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00513-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (13) ◽

pp. 4553-4563 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

André Schuster ◽

Christian P. Kubicek ◽

Monika Schmoll

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Trichoderma Reesei ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Cellulosic Biomass ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Cellulase Gene ◽

Hypocrea Jecorina ◽

Content Type ◽

Transcription Expression

ABSTRACTTrichoderma reesei(Hypocrea jecorina) is nowadays the most important industrial producer of cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes, which are used for pretreatment of cellulosic biomass for biofuel production. In this study, we introduce a novel component, GRD1 (glucose-ribitol dehydrogenase 1), which shows enzymatic activity on cellobiose and positively influences cellulase gene transcription, expression, and extracellular endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase activity.grd1is differentially transcribed upon growth on cellulose and the induction of cellulase gene expression by sophorose. The transcription ofgrd1is coregulated with that ofcel7a(cbh1) under inducing conditions. GRD1 is further involved in carbon source utilization on several carbon sources, such as those involved in lactose andd-galactose catabolism, in several cases in a light-dependent manner. We conclude that GRD1 represents a novel enhancer of cellulase gene expression, which by coregulation with the major cellulase may act via optimization of inducing mechanisms.

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