Aspergillus lentulus sp. nov., a New Sibling Species of A. fumigatus

ABSTRACT In a prior study, we identified seven clinical isolates of an Aspergillus sp. that were slow to sporulate in multiple media and demonstrated decreased in vitro susceptibilities to multiple antifungals, including amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin. These isolates were initially considered to be variants of Aspergillus fumigatus because of differences in mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences and unique randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR patterns (S. A. Balajee, M. Weaver, A. Imhof, J. Gribskov, and K. A. Marr, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 1197-1203, 2004). The present study was performed to clarify the taxonomic status of these organisms by phylogenetic analyses based on multilocus sequence typing of five genes (the β-tubulin gene, the rodlet A gene, the salt-responsive gene, the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and the internal transcribed spacer regions). Results revealed that four of the seven variant isolates clustered together in a clade very distant from A. fumigatus and distinct from other members of the A. fumigatus group. This new clade, consisting of four members, was monophyletic with strong bootstrap support when the protein-encoding regions were analyzed, indicating a new species status under the phylogenetic species concept. Phenotype studies revealed that the variant isolate has smaller conidial heads with diminutive vesicles compared to A. fumigatus and is not able to survive at 48°C. Our findings suggest the presence of a previously unrecognized, potentially drug-resistant Aspergillus species that we designate A. lentulus.

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A new species of dwarf chameleon (Sauria; Chamaeleonidae, Bradypodion Fitzinger) from KwaZulu Natal South Africa with notes on recent climatic shifts and their influence on speciation in the genus

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2226.1.4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2226 (1) ◽

pp. 43-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

COLIN R. TILBURY ◽

KRYSTAL A. TOLLEY

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

New Species ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Bootstrap Support ◽

Species Of Conservation Concern ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Indigenous Forest ◽

A New Species

A new species of dwarf chameleon is described from a restricted patch of relict indigenous forest in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. Its specific status is confirmed by phylogenetic analyses using molecular markers (1390 bp of mitochondrial 16S and ND2). The node defining this species is highly supported with both analyses (100% posterior probability, 100% bootstrap support). This species (Bradypodion ngomeense sp. nov.) is part of a larger clade of forest species, but is itself confined to a single forest (Ngome Forest). The molecular patterns of other forest restricted species in KZN were examined with a view to elucidate their patterns of distribution. It is postulated that these patterns may be the result of climatic shifts during the Pleistocene on the extent of forest cover which afforded multiple contact opportunities between coastal and montane forest elements with possible opportunities for gene flow between forests. At present, these patches are under threat from human activities such as forest resource extraction, sugar cane and pine plantations. Their small distributions and possibility for future habitat loss make these species of conservation concern. The taxonomic status of a recently described species Bradypodion nkandlae (Raw & Brothers 2008) is found to be conspecific with B. nemorale and is herewith synonymised.

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Outbreak of Leaf Spot and Fruit Rot in Florida Strawberry Caused by Neopestalotiopsis spp.

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-20-1290-re ◽

2021 ◽

pp. PDIS-06-20-1290

Author(s):

Juliana S. Baggio ◽

Bruna B. Forcelini ◽

Nan-Yi Wang ◽

Rafaela G. Ruschel ◽

James C. Mertely ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Spore Production ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

A New Species

Pestalotiopsis-like species have been reported affecting strawberry worldwide. Recently, severe and unprecedented outbreaks have been reported in Florida commercial fields where leaf, fruit, petiole, crown, and root symptoms were observed, and yield was severely affected. The taxonomic status of the fungus is confusing because it has gone through multiple reclassifications over the years. Morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses, and pathogenicity tests were evaluated for strawberry isolates recovered from diseased plants in Florida. Phylogenetic analyses derived from the combined internal transcribed spacer, β-tub, and tef1 regions demonstrated that although there was low genetic diversity among the strawberry isolates, there was a clear separation of the isolates in two groups. The first group included isolates recovered over a period of several years, which was identified as Neopestalotiopsis rosae. Most isolates recovered during the recent outbreaks were genetically different and may belong to a new species. On potato dextrose agar, both groups produced white, circular, and cottony colonies. From the bottom, colonies were white to pale yellow for Neopestalotiopsis sp. and pale luteous to orange for N. rosae. Spores for both groups were five-celled with three median versicolored cells. Mycelial growth and spore production were higher for the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. isolates. Isolates from both groups were pathogenic to strawberry roots and crowns. However, the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. proved more aggressive in fruit and leaf inoculation tests, confirming observations from the recent outbreaks in commercial strawberry fields in Florida.

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The first mitochondrial genome of the genus Exhippolysmata (Decapoda: Caridea: Lysmatidae), with gene rearrangements and phylogenetic associations in Caridea

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93946-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ying-ying Ye ◽

Jing Miao ◽

Ya-hong Guo ◽

Li Gong ◽

Li-hua Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Genome ◽

Gene Order ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽

Bootstrap Support ◽

Trna Genes ◽

Gene Rearrangements ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Gc Skew ◽

Strong Bootstrap Support

AbstractThe complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of animals can provide useful information for evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses. The mitogenome of the genus Exhippolysmata (i.e., Exhippolysmata ensirostris) was sequenced and annotated for the first time, its phylogenetic relationship with selected members from the infraorder Caridea was investigated. The 16,350 bp mitogenome contains the entire set of 37 common genes. The mitogenome composition was highly A + T biased at 64.43% with positive AT skew (0.009) and negative GC skew (− 0.199). All tRNA genes in the E. ensirostris mitogenome had a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS1 (AGN), which appeared to lack the dihydrouridine arm. The gene order in the E. ensirostris mitogenome was rearranged compared with those of ancestral decapod taxa, the gene order of trnL2-cox2 changed to cox2-trnL2. The tandem duplication-random loss model is the most likely mechanism for the observed gene rearrangement of E. ensirostris. The ML and BI phylogenetic analyses place all Caridea species into one group with strong bootstrap support. The family Lysmatidae is most closely related to Alpheidae and Palaemonidae. These results will help to better understand the gene rearrangements and evolutionary position of E. ensirostris and lay a foundation for further phylogenetic studies of Caridea.

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Mimaporia, a new genus of Epicopeiidae (Lepidoptera), with description of a new species from Vietnam

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4254.5.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4254 (5) ◽

pp. 537 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

CHIA-HSUAN WEI ◽

SHEN-HORN YEN

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

New Genus ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Sister Group ◽

Morphological Evidence ◽

New Taxon ◽

The Family ◽

A New Species

The Epicopeiidae is a small geometroid family distributed in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions. It exhibits high morphological diversity in body size and wing shape, while their wing patterns involve in various complex mimicry rings. In the present study, we attempted to describe a new genus, and a new species from Vietnam, with comments on two assumed congeneric novel species from China and India. To address its phylogenetic affinity, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the family by using sequence data of COI, EF-1α, and 28S gene regions obtained from seven genera of Epicopeiidae with Pseudobiston pinratanai as the outgroup. We also compared the morphology of the new taxon to other epicopeiid genera to affirm its taxonomic status. The results suggest that the undescribed taxon deserve a new genus, namely Mimaporia gen. n. The species from Vietnam, Mimaporia hmong sp. n., is described as new to science. Under different tree building strategies, the new genus is the sister group of either Chatamla Moore, 1881 or Parabraxas Leech, 1897. The morphological evidence, which was not included in phylogenetic analyses, however, suggests its potential affinity with Burmeia Minet, 2003. This study also provides the first, although preliminary, molecular phylogeny of the family on which the revised systematics and interpretation of character evolution can be based.

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The Vietnamese population of Megophrys kuatunensis (Amphibia: Megophryidae) represents a new species of Asian horned frog from Vietnam and southern China

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4344.3.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4344 (3) ◽

pp. 465 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

BENJAMIN TAPLEY ◽

TIMOTHY CUTAJAR ◽

STEPHEN MAHONY ◽

CHUNG THANH NGUYEN ◽

VINH QUANG DAU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Southern China ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Eastern China ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Species Group ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Vietnamese Population ◽

Group A ◽

A New Species

The Asian frog genus Megophrys is a diverse group of morphologically conserved, forest-dwelling frogs. The genus harbours highly localised species diversification and new species continue to be described on a regular basis. We examined the taxonomic status of a population of Megophrys frogs from the Hoang Lien Range in northern Vietnam and southern China previously identified as M. kuatunensis (subgenus Panophrys). Preliminary phylogenetic analyses using a fragment of 16S rDNA places the species in question within the Megophrys (subgenus Panophrys) species group, a primarily Chinese radiation within the genus. On the basis of morphological, molecular and bioacoustic data, we conclude that this population does not represent M. kuatunensis, or any known species in the genus. We herein describe this species of Megophrys as new. Known only from Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province in Vietnam and Jinping County, Yunnan Province in China, the new species is likely to be threatened by ongoing deforestation in the region. We provide an updated species description of M. kuatunensis based on type specimens, and suggest that M. kuatunensis is likely to be restricted to eastern China.

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Morphological and molecular evidence for a new species of the genus Panolis Hübner, [1821] (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4565.4.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4565 (4) ◽

pp. 523

Author(s):

XUAN AN ◽

MAMORU OWADA ◽

MIN WANG ◽

HOU-SHUAI WANG

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Species Group ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

A New Species ◽

I Gene

A new species of the genus Panolis Hübner, [1821], P. xundian sp. nov., is described and illustrated from southwestern China. It is well-defined morphologically by the male genitalia, with a well-developed pollex at the distal terminal of the sacculus and a broad, ventrally concave cucullus, the female corpus bursae with four long signum-stripes. Based on a 658 bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, we report the pairwise genetic distance of 2.5% from its allied species P. exquisita Draudt, 1950. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using three genes (2189 bp in total length) indicate that the new species belongs to the P. exquisita species group.

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New World Nine-Primaried Oscine Relationships: Constructing a Mitochondrial DNA Framework

The Auk ◽

10.1093/auk/117.2.321 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 321-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

John Klicka ◽

Kevin P. Johnson ◽

Scott M. Lanyon

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome B ◽

New World ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Bootstrap Support ◽

Wood Warblers ◽

Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 ◽

Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽

Strong Bootstrap Support ◽

High Degree

AbstractHistorically, a paucity of comparative morphological characters has led to much debate regarding relationships within and among the major lineages of New World nine-primaried oscines. More recently, DNA-DNA hybridization studies have provided novel and testable hypotheses of relationships, although no consensus has been reached. For 40 songbird taxa, we obtained 1,929 base pairs (bp) of DNA sequence from the mitochondrial cytochrome-b (894 bp) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (1,035 bp) genes. Phylogenetic analyses confirm the monophyly of this assemblage as traditionally defined. The lineages delineated historically on morphological grounds are retained; finches (Fringillinae) are sister to a well-supported clade (Emberizinae) containing blackbirds (Icterini), sparrows (Emberizini), wood-warblers (Parulini), tanagers (Thraupini), and cardinal-grosbeaks (Cardinalini). However, each tribe individually is either paraphyletic or polyphyletic with respect to most recent songbird classifications. Our results suggest that Euphonia is not a tanager but perhaps represents a derived form of cardueline finch. Piranga, traditionally considered a typical tanager, is a cardinaline in all of our analyses. Calcarius falls outside the sparrow lineage in all of our analyses, but its true affinities remain unclear. Elements of four different AOU families are represented in our clade Thraupini. The inclusion of several “tanager-finches” (Haplospiza, Diglossa, Tiaris, Volatinia, Sporophila) and a nectarivore (Coereba) in this clade is consistent with findings from other molecular phylogenies in suggesting that convergence in feeding specializations among some lineages has confounded traditional morphological classifications. We obtained a novel arrangement of relationships among tribes in our “best” topology; Cardinalini is sister to the rest of the Emberizinae assemblage (as defined by Sibley and Ahlquist [1990]), and Thraupini is sister to a clade containing Icterini, Emberizini, and Parulini. Despite nearly 2,000 bp of sequence for each taxon, and a high degree of stability across most weighting schemes and analytical methods, most nodes lack strong bootstrap support. The ND2 gene provided higher resolution than did cytochrome b, but combining genes provided the most highly supported and resolved topology. We consider the phylogeny a working hypothesis to be used as a guide for further studies within the nine-primaried oscine assemblage.

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A new species of Gonyosoma Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes, Colubridae), previously confused with G. prasinum (Blyth, 1854)

Evolutionary Systematics ◽

10.3897/evolsyst.5.66574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 129-139

Author(s):

Shuo Liu ◽

Mian Hou ◽

Ye Htet Lwin ◽

Qiaoyan Wang ◽

Dingqi Rao

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Bayesian Inference ◽

Cytochrome B ◽

Yunnan Province ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Pairwise Distance ◽

Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽

Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽

A New Species

A new species of the genus Gonyosoma Wagler is described from Yunnan Province, China. The new species closely resembles G. prasinum (Blyth), but it is differentiated from the latter species by the following characters: precloacal plate divided, iris blue and inside of mouth greyish-white in life. Based on phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data, the new species is recovered as the sister species to G. prasinum by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses. The uncorrected pairwise distance between the new species and other species of the genus Gonyosoma ranged from 11.78% to 17.07% calculated using the mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence. This discovery increases the number of Gonyosoma species to seven.

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A new species of Phrynops from Southern Brazil (Testudines, Chelidae), with comments on the phylogeny of the genus

10.7287/peerj.preprints.986 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Natália Rizzo Friol ◽

Flávio de Barros Molina ◽

Hussam El Dine Zaher

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Sister Group ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Valid Species ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Group Relationships ◽

A New Species ◽

Combined Data

Background. Phrynops present four valid species, including P. geoffroanus that might represents a complex of cryptic species. Here, we provide a preliminary analysis of the taxonomy and phylogenetic affinities within Phrynops, with special reference to the taxonomic status of populations of P. geoffroanus and P. tuberosus, and the recognition of a new species from Southern Brazil. Methods. We studied populations from ten Brazilian river basins. A linear morphometric analysis was performed in order to define taxonomically distinct populations. Also, a phylogenetic analysis using morphology and molecular data (sequenced for the genes R35, RAG2, c-mos, cytb, ND4, and 12S) were carried out. Three distinct sets of phylogenetic analyses were performed: parsimony to morphological and combined data, and maximum likelihood to molecular data. Results. The combined analysis shows that Phrynops represents a well supported clade. The set of skeletal data supports Mesoclemmys as the sister group of Phrynops, whereas the molecular and combined data sets show Phrynops as the sister group of a clade composed by all the remaining genera of Chelidae, except Hydromedusa. Our morphological analyses suggest that P. hilarii is the sister group of P. geoffroanus, but in both molecular and combined analyses, P. hilarii appears nested within the clade formed by the populations of P. geoffroanus. Futhermore, P. tuberosus and P. geoffroanus are not distinguishable by the set of osteological and morphometric data. On the other hand, both morphometric and osteological data show that the population of P. geoffroanus from the Paraná river basin is a distinct species. Discussion. The sister group relationships of Phrynops could not be clearly defined due to the different topologies achieved. Phrynops hilarii is included within of P. geoffroanus in both molecular and combined data, but this position has little statistical support and therefore does not express a clear position of P. hilarii within the genus Phrynops. Besides, we were not able to distinguish P. geoffroanus and P. tuberosus. However, a sampling of specific locations are still needed to objectively define the taxonomic status of P. tuberosus. Finally, the population of P. geoffroanus from the Paraná basin is clearly distinct from the remaining populations of this species. Qualitative osteological characters and morphometric results seem to demonstrate that this population is a new species of Phrynops.

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Morphological and molecular evidence reveals a new species of Lyperosomum Looss, 1899 (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) from Melanerpes aurifrons (Wagler, 1829) from northern Mexico

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x20000425 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

Author(s):

M.T. González-García ◽

M.P. Ortega-Olivares ◽

L. Andrade-Gómez ◽

M. García-Varela

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Bootstrap Support ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Congeneric Species ◽

Northern Mexico ◽

A New Species ◽

Cox 1

Abstract A new species of the genus Lyperosomum Looss, 1899, from the intestine of the golden-fronted woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons) from northern Mexico is described. Lyperosomum cuauhxinqui sp. n. is morphologically distinguished from other congeneric species from the Americas by a higher oral/ventral sucker ratio and its body length and width. The sequences of domains D1–D3 of the large subunit (LSU) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox 1) from the mitochondrial DNA of the new species were obtained and compared with available sequences from GenBank. The genetic divergence estimated between the new species and other congeneric species ranged from 2 to 6% and 13.4 to 17.3% for LSU and cox 1, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on the two (LSU and cox 1) molecular markers consistently showed that L. cuauhxinqui sp. n. was nested within the genus Lyperosomum, with strong bootstrap support (100%) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (1.0). In particular, the LSU tree indicated that the sequence of the new species is closely related to sequences from Zonorchis alveyi, Zonorchis delectans and Zonorchis sp. from Central America, suggesting that these sequences should be transferred to the genus Lyperosomum. The new species represents the first record from Mexico and the fifth species identified in the Americas. Our study also revealed that the taxonomy of the genus Lyperosomum should be re-examined by combining molecular, morphological and ecological characteristics.

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