scholarly journals Transcutaneous Immunization with Toxin-Coregulated Pilin A Induces Protective Immunity against Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Challenge in Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 5834-5839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne E. Rollenhagen ◽  
Anuj Kalsy ◽  
Francisca Cerda ◽  
Manohar John ◽  
Jason B. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Infant Mouse ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Transcutaneous Immunization ◽  
Structural Subunit ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT Toxin-coregulated pilin A (TcpA) is the main structural subunit of a type IV bundle-forming pilus of Vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera. Toxin-coregulated pilus is involved in formation of microcolonies of V. cholerae at the intestinal surface, and strains of V. cholerae deficient in TcpA are attenuated and unable to colonize intestinal surfaces. Anti-TcpA immunity is common in humans recovering from cholera in Bangladesh, and immunization against TcpA is protective in murine V. cholerae models. To evaluate whether transcutaneously applied TcpA is immunogenic, we transcutaneously immunized mice with 100 μg of TcpA or TcpA with an immunoadjuvant (cholera toxin [CT], 50 μg) on days 0, 19, and 40. Mice immunized with TcpA alone did not develop anti-TcpA responses. Mice that received transcutaneously applied TcpA and CT developed prominent anti-TcpA immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum responses but minimal anti-TcpA IgA. Transcutaneous immunization with CT induced prominent IgG and IgA anti-CT serum responses. In an infant mouse model, offspring born to dams transcutaneously immunized either with TcpA and CT or with CT alone were challenged with 106 CFU (one 50% lethal dose) wild-type V. cholerae O1 El Tor strain N16961. At 48 h, mice born to females transcutaneously immunized with CT alone had 36% ± 10% (mean ± standard error of the mean) survival, while mice born to females transcutaneously immunized with TcpA and CT had 69% ± 6% survival (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that transcutaneous immunization with TcpA and an immunoadjuvant induces protective anti-TcpA immune responses. Anti-TcpA responses may contribute to an optimal cholera vaccine.

scholarly journals Variation in Epitopes of the B Subunit of El Tor and Classical Biotype Vibrio cholerae O1 Cholera Toxin

Microbiology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 1195-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Tamplin ◽  
M. K. Ahmed ◽  
R. Jalali ◽  
R. R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

scholarly journals Cholera Toxin Production by the El Tor Variant of Vibrio cholerae O1 Compared to Prototype El Tor and Classical Biotypes

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 4283-4286 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ghosh-Banerjee ◽  
M. Senoh ◽  
T. Takahashi ◽  
T. Hamabata ◽  
S. Barman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

Classical RS1 and environmental RS1 elements in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains harbouring a tandem repeat of CTX prophage: revisiting Mozambique in 2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon Young Choi ◽  
Je Hee Lee ◽  
Eun Jin Kim ◽  
Hye Ri Lee ◽  
Yoon-Seong Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Small Chromosome ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Large Chromosome ◽  
New Type ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Ctx Prophage ◽  
El Tor

Currently, Vibrio cholerae O1 serogroup biotype El Tor strains producing classical type cholera toxin (altered strains or El Tor variants) are prevalent in Asia and in Mozambique. Mozambican strains collected in 2004 contained a tandem repeat of CTX prophage on the small chromosome and each CTX prophage harboured the classical rstR and classical ctxB. We found that the majority of the strains collected in 2005 in Mozambique contained extra elements on the large chromosome in addition to the tandem repeat of CTX prophage on the small chromosome. New type RS1 elements RS1cla and RS1env, and a CTXenv with rstR env and the classical ctxB were identified on the large chromosome of the Mozambican isolates collected in 2005.

scholarly journals Serotype has a significant impact on the virulence of 7th pandemic Vibrio cholerae O1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan L Nordqvist ◽  
Kaisa Thorell ◽  
Frida Nilsson ◽  
Madeleine Löfstrand ◽  
Arvid Hagelberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Infant Mouse ◽  
Mouse Infection Model ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

AbstractOf over 200 different identified Vibrio cholerae serogroups only the O1 serogroup is consistently associated with endemic and epidemic cholera disease. The O1 serogroup has two serologically distinguishable variants, the Ogawa and Inaba serotypes, which differ only by a methyl group present on the terminal sugar of the Ogawa O-antigen but absent from Inaba strains. This methylation is catalyzed by a methyltransferase encoded by the wbeT gene, which in Inaba strains is disrupted by mutation. It is currently thought that there is little difference between the two serotypes. However, here we show, using isogenic pairs of O1 El Tor V. cholerae, that Inaba strains show significantly different patterns of gene expression and are significantly less able than the corresponding Ogawa strains to cause cholera in an infant mouse infection model. Our results suggest that changes in gene expression resulting from the loss of the wbeT gene lead to reduced virulence and possibly also reduced survival fitness outside the human host.Author SummaryThe bacterium Vibrio cholerae causes the pandemic diarrheal disease cholera. Despite many identified serotypes of V. cholerae only one, O1, causes pandemic cholera. The O1 serotype of pandemic V. cholerae has two distinguishable variants (called Ogawa and Inaba) long considered to be clinically and epidemiologically equivalent. Cholera outbreaks consist only of one the two variants at any time. In general, Ogawa strains cause the majority of outbreaks with relatively short-lived Inaba outbreaks occurring sporadically. We have suggested earlier that Inaba outbreaks occur during periods of environmental selective pressure against the Ogawa serotype. We demonstrate here that the two variants are not clinically equivalent. The Ogawa serotype is better able to respond to infection in an animal model by up regulating the expression of virulence genes essential for disease development. We suggest that this phenomenon is the result of wider ranging differences in gene expression resulting from the mutation that converts Ogawa into Inaba strains, and may help to explain the dominance of the Ogawa serotype in nature.

scholarly journals Cholera Toxin Production in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Biotype Strains in Single-Phase Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeongjun Baek ◽  
Donghyun Lee ◽  
Jiwon Lee ◽  
Youngbae Yoon ◽  
G. Balakrish Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Phase Culture ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

scholarly journals Recent Vibrio cholerae O1 Epidemic Strains Are Unable To Replicate CTXΦ Prophage Genome

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Ochi ◽  
Tamaki Mizuno ◽  
Prosenjit Samanta ◽  
Asish K. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Shin-ichi Miyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ctxφ Prophage ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by pathogenic strains of V. cholerae generated by lysogenization of the filamentous cholera toxin phage CTXΦ. The analysis revealed that recent isolates possessed altered CTXΦ prophage array of prototype El Tor strain and were defective in replicating the CTXΦ genome.

Variation in epitopes of the B subunit of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 and Vibrio mimicus cholera toxins

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Tamplin ◽  
Reema Jalali ◽  
Mohammed K. Ahmed ◽  
Rita R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Vibrio Mimicus ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Reaction Patterns

Monoclonal antibodies reacting with the B subunit of Vibrio cholerae O1 strain 569B cholera toxin (CT-B) were used to identify unique and common epitopes of V. cholerae non-O1 and Vibrio mimicus CT-B. Vibrio cholerae non-O1 strains produced CT-B showing three monoclonal antibody reaction patterns (epitypes), which corresponded with epitypes described previously for V. cholerae O1 classical biotype CT-B (CT1), El Tor biotype CT-B (CT2), and a unique V. cholerae non-O1 CT-B (CT3), which lacked an epitope located in or near the GM1 ganglioside binding site of 569B CT-B. Vibrio mimicus CT-B was immunologically indistinguishable from 569B CT-B. These and previous results define six epitopes on 569B CT-B, and a fourth epitope in or near the GM1 ganglioside binding site. Key words: cholera toxin, epitopes, monoclonal antibodies.

Incidence of Vibrio cholerae in Fresh Fish and Ceviche in Guadalajara, Mexico

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA. REFUGIO TORRES-VITELA ◽  
ALEJANDRO CASTILLO ◽  
GUNNAR FINNE ◽  
MA. OFELIA RODRIGUEZ-GARCIA ◽  
NANCI E. MARTINEZ-GONZALES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
El Tor

The incidence of Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-Ol was determined in fresh fish and ceviche, a marinated raw fish dish ready for consumption. Fresh red snapper (Lutjanus purpureous) and mackerel (Scomberomorus sierra) were obtained from distribution centers, and ceviche from street vendors and small open restaurants in Guadalajara, Mexico. In addition to V. cholerae, the fish samples were tested for aerobic plate count (APC), total volatile nitrogen (TVN), trimethylamine (TMA), and the ceviche for APC, coliforms, and pH. V. cholerae O1 and non-O1 was isolated from 10% and 26% ofthe fish respectively. The mean data for the fish samples were in the region of: APC, 106 CFU/g of fish; more than 25 mg of TVN per 100 g of fish, but less than 5 mg of nitrogen as TMA per 100 g. Eleven percent of the ceviche obtained from street vendors and 6% obtained from restaurants were positive for V. cholerae O1. The mean APC and coliform counts were 6.6 and 4.8 log CFU/g of fish respectively, and the pH of the ceviche ranged from 3.0 to 4.5. All the strains of V. cholerae O1 isolated during this study were identified as biotype El Tor, serotypes Inaba and Ogawa. For both fresh fish and ceviche, the frequency of isolation of V. cholerae was highest during the summer months.

scholarly journals Cholera Outbreaks Caused by an Altered Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Biotype Strain Producing Classical Cholera Toxin B in Vietnam in 2007 to 2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1568-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Nguyen ◽  
J. H. Lee ◽  
N. T. Cuong ◽  
S. Y. Choi ◽  
N. T. Hien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Cholera Toxin B ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor
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