scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Colonization with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in Chinchillas

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1973-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-ping Yang ◽  
Sheena M. Loosmore ◽  
Brian J. Underdown ◽  
Michel H. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Candidate Vaccine ◽  
Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vaccine Antigens

ABSTRACT Colonization of the nasopharynx by a middle ear pathogen is the first step in the development of otitis media in humans. The establishment of an animal model of nasopharyngeal colonization would therefore be of great utility in assessing the potential protective ability of candidate vaccine antigens (especially adhesins) against otitis media. A chinchilla nasopharyngeal colonization model for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) was developed with antibiotic-resistant strains. This model does not require coinfection with a virus. There was no significant difference in the efficiency of NTHI colonization between adult (1- to 2-year-old) and young (2- to 3-month-old) animals. However, the incidence of middle ear infection following nasopharyngeal colonization was significantly higher in young animals (83 to 89%) than in adult chinchillas (10 to 30%). Chinchillas that had recovered either from a previous middle ear infection caused by NTHI or from an infection by intranasal inoculation with NTHI were completely protected against nasopharyngeal colonization with a homologous strain and were found to be the best positive controls in protection studies. Systemic immunization of chinchillas with inactivated whole-cell preparations significantly protected animals not only against homologous NTHI colonization but also partially against heterologous NTHI infection. In all protected animals, significant serum anti-P6 and anti-HMW antibody responses were observed. The outer membrane P6 and high-molecular-weight (HMW) proteins appear to be promising candidate vaccine antigens to prevent nasopharyngeal colonization and middle ear infection caused by NTHI.

scholarly journals Experimental Acute Otitis Media Due to Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Comparison of High and Low Azithromycin Doses with Placebo

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 2194-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz E. Babl ◽  
Stephen I. Pelton ◽  
Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Middle Ear Infection

ABSTRACT Treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) with azithromycin results in apparent clinical success, but tympanocentesis performed 4 to 6 days after initiation of therapy in children with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) recovered from initial middle ear cultures demonstrates persistence of infection in more than 50% of episodes. We sought to determine the effect of azithromycin at different doses on the density of middle ear infection due to NTHI to provide additional understanding of this dichotomy between clinical and microbiologic outcome measures in AOM. In a chinchilla model of experimental otitis media (EOM), animals treated with placebo were compared to animals receiving a single daily dose 30 or 120 mg of azithromycin per kg of body weight per day for 5 days. Microbiologic outcome was assessed by obtaining quantitative cultures from the middle ear during a 5-day course and for 1 week following therapy. Azithromycin concentrations were measured to ascertain whether a concentration-dependent effect was present. Azithromycin at 30 and 120 mg/kg/day demonstrated a dose-dependent effect on the quantitative assessment of middle ear infection due to NTHI. A 30-mg/kg dose of azithromycin daily resulted in levels in serum and areas under the serum concentration-time curve at 24 h comparable to published data obtained with children given azithromycin at 5 to 10 mg/kg in multiday regimens. Increased doses of azithromycin (120 mg/kg) achieved 2.5- to 4-fold-higher levels in serum and 3- to 6-fold-higher total levels and levels in extracellular middle ear fluid as well as more rapid reduction in bacterial density and a greater proportion of middle ears with complete sterilization than either placebo or the 30-mg/kg/day regimen.

scholarly journals NOD2/RICK-Dependent β-Defensin 2 Regulation Is Protective for Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-Induced Middle Ear Infection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e90933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Im Woo ◽  
Sejo Oh ◽  
Paul Webster ◽  
Yoo Jin Lee ◽  
David J. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Middle Ear Infection

Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media)

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
S. Michael Marcy ◽  
Michael E. Pichichero ◽  
Richard H. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Middle Ear Infection

scholarly journals Luc Abscess: A Rare Complication of a Common Pediatric Ear Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Nurfadhilah Aisyah Murad ◽  
Zalilah Musa ◽  
Kharudin Abdullah ◽  
Irfan Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Bone Involvement ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Temporal Muscle ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
The Difference

Middle ear infection occurs when fluid accumulate in middle ear as a result of inflammatory response to viral or bacterial infection. Infections may spread from the middle ear, resulting in a subperiosteal collection beneath the temporal muscle. Luc abscess is a rare complication of otitis media. The difference of this complication with other extracranial abscesses relating to otitis media is, it may not be associated with mastoid bone involvement. Therefore, it is defined as benign complication of otitis media. Here, we report a case of 10-month-old baby boy diagnosed with Luc abscess with mastoid involvement.

scholarly journals Biofilm Biology and Vaccine Strategies for Otitis Media Due to Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 069-078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Novotny ◽  
Kenneth Brockman ◽  
Elaine Mokrzan ◽  
Joseph Jurcisek ◽  
Lauren Bakaletz
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Physical Defenses ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Recurrent Nature ◽  
Gain Access

AbstractOtitis media (OM) is one of the most common diseases of childhood, and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is the predominant causative agent of chronic and recurrent OM, as well as OM for which treatment has failed. Moreover, NTHI is now as important a causative agent of acute OM as the pneumococcus. NTHI colonizes the human nasopharynx asymptomatically. However, upon perturbation of the innate and physical defenses of the airway by upper respiratory tract viral infection, NTHI can replicate, ascend the Eustachian tube, gain access to the normally sterile middle ear space, and cause disease. Bacterial biofilms within the middle ear, including those formed by NTHI, contribute to the chronic and recurrent nature of this disease. These multicomponent structures are highly resistant to clearance by host defenses and elimination by traditional antimicrobial therapies. Herein, we review several strategies utilized by NTHI to persist within the human host and interventions currently under investigation to prevent and/or resolve NTHI-induced diseases of the middle ear and uppermost airway.

scholarly journals Middle Ear Infection in Children and Its Association with Dental Caries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilotpol Kashyap ◽  
Tulsi Katlam ◽  
Alok Avinash ◽  
Brij Kumar ◽  
Reena Kulshrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
P Value ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Introduction. Middle ear infection affects mostly infants and children, associated with elevatedlevel of S. mutans, which increases the chances of developing caries.Aim. To evaluate the difference in level of Streptococcus mutans between normal children & children affected by middle ear infection.Method. This descriptive study was carried out on 120 children aged 5 years and younger. They were selected randomly from schools and medical hospitals. S. mutans was counted from saliva sample and a questionnaire was given to be filled by their parents about the feeding method, pattern and specific childhood illness.Result. Out of 120 children examined, 62 were boys and 58 were girls. Mean CFU in middle ear infection group was 5.60+9.53, whereas in children with no middle ear infection it was 1.70+3.34. Unpaired ‘t’ test revealed statistically significant difference among the two groups (p value = 0.001).Conclusion. S. mutans count was comparatively higher in children having middle ear infection rather than non-infected children, which may cause dental caries in the future.

scholarly journals Multiple Consecutive Lavage Samplings Reveal Greater Burden of Disease and Provide Direct Access to the Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Biofilm in Experimental Otitis Media

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 4158-4172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Leroy ◽  
Howard Cabral ◽  
Marisol Figueira ◽  
Valérie Bouchet ◽  
Heather Huot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization

ABSTRACT The typically recovered quantity of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) bacteria in an ex vivo middle ear (ME) aspirate from the chinchilla model of experimental otitis media is insufficient for direct analysis of gene expression by microarray or of lipopolysaccharide glycoforms by mass spectrometry. This prompted us to investigate a strategy of multiple consecutive lavage samplings to increase ex vivo bacterial recovery. As multiple consecutive lavage samples significantly increased the total number of bacterial CFU collected during nasopharyngeal colonization or ME infection, this led us to evaluate whether bacteria sequentially acquired from consecutive lavages were similar. Comparative observation of complete ex vivo sample series by microscopy initially revealed ME inflammatory fluid consisting solely of planktonic-phase NTHi. In contrast, subsequent lavage samplings of the same infected ear revealed the existence of bacteria in two additional growth states, filamentous and biofilm encased. Gene expression analysis of such ex vivo samples was in accord with different bacterial growth phases in sequential lavage specimens. The existence of morphologically distinct NTHi subpopulations with varying levels of gene expression indicates that the pooling of specimens requires caution until methods for their separation are developed. This study based on multiple consecutive lavages is consistent with prior reports that NTHi forms a biofilm in vivo, describes the means to directly acquire ex vivo biofilm samples without sacrificing the animal, and has broad applicability for a study of mucosal infections. Moreover, this approach revealed that the actual burden of bacteria in experimental otitis media is significantly greater than was previously reported. Such findings may have direct implications for antibiotic treatment and vaccine development against NTHi.

scholarly journals Vocal Cord Paralysis and Dysphagia as Sequelae of Gradenigo Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Mary Ann V. Macasaet ◽  
Emmanuel Tadeus S. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Vocal Cord Paralysis ◽  
Petrous Apex ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
Petrous Apicitis

Objectives:     To present a case of vocal cord paralysis and dysphagia developing in Gradenigo syndrome and to discuss its clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and therapeutic approach.   Methods:             Design: Case Report             Setting:  Tertiary Government Hospital             Patient: One   Results:  A 54-year-old lady was admitted with a six month history of left-sided otorrhea, cheek and jaw pain, three months otalgia, and recent-onset hoarseness, dysphagia and diplopia on a background of mastoidectomy at age 6. Otoscopy revealed granulation tissue and chlolesteatoma occupying the left external auditory canal. There was left vocal cord paralysis with pooling of saliva in the pyriform sinus, left lateral gaze paralysis, and left facial nerve paralysis. CT scan revealed sclerosis of the left petrous apex and leptomeningeal enhancement on the left temporal lobe. Chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma and Gradenigo syndrome was diagnosed, and canal wall down mastoidectomy was performed Postoperatively, the otalgia and pain over the left jaw diminished in intensity while hoarseness and left lateral gaze palsy remained.   Conclusion: Gradenigo syndrome is known for its triad of retro-orbital pain, lateral gaze paralysis, and chronic middle ear infection due to petrous apicitis. Although rare, vocal cord paralysis and dysphagia may develop when infection traverses and encroaches on the jugular foramen where cranial nerves IX, X, and XI are lodged.  Knowledge of the syndrome should not be limited or confined to the classic triad.  Practicing ear specialists should be vigilant and cognizant of the clinical manifestations and sequelae of chronic middle ear infection. Prompt surgical intervention is crucial while resolution of the disease may vary for different individuals.   Keywords: Chronic otitis media, Gradenigo syndrome, vocal cord paralysis, petrous apicitis  

Viral Co-Infection Does Not Reduce the Efficacy of Vaccination against Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae Middle Ear Infection in a Rat Model

ORL ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryka Moore ◽  
Brett A. Lidbury ◽  
Allan W. Cripps ◽  
Jennelle M. Kyd
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Middle Ear Infection
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