A Glycoconjugate Vaccine for Neisseria meningitidis Induces Antibodies in Human Infants That Afford Protection against Meningococcal Bacteremia in a Neonate Rat Challenge Model

ABSTRACT The functional activities of serum samples from human infants immunized with a glycoconjugate vaccine for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C were assessed in a complement-mediated antibody-dependent serum bactericidal assay (SBA) and in a neonate rat model of protection from bacteremia. Selective serum samples from individual human infants were combined to make a panel of 11 serum pools to obtain a sufficient volume for testing. Each pool was assayed (i) for the anti-N. meningitidis serogroup C capsular polysaccharide (PS) immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration as determined by reactivity in a direct-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, (ii) for bactericidal activity against N. meningitidis serogroup C strain C11, and (iii) for the ability to reduce bacteremia after passive transfer into a neonate rat model. Representative serum samples from infants who were not previously immunized with any N. meningitidis serogroup C vaccine served as a negative control. The prepared serum pools ranged in antibody concentration from 0.18 to 17.31 μg of IgG specific for N. meningitidis serogroup C PS per ml. For this serum panel, a direct relationship between concentrations of anti-N. meningitidis serogroup C PS-specific IgG and serum SBA titers (r = 0.9960) was observed. Passive transfer to neonate rats demonstrated the ability of postimmunization serum samples to significantly reduce (≥2-log10 reduction compared to control animals) the level of bacteremia following a challenge. Of 79 neonate rats that received ≥0.031 μg of human infant anti-N. meningitidis serogroup C PS IgG, 75 (94.9%) had a ≥2-log10 reduction in bacteremia, whereas of the animals that received <0.031 μg of antigen-specific IgG, 10.3% (4 of 39 rats) showed a ≥2-log10 reduction in bacteremia. It was concluded that the anti-N. meningitidis serogroup C PS IgG antibody induced by this glycoconjugate vaccine had in vitro functional activity (as determined by a SBA) and also afforded protection against meningococcal bacteremia in an animal model.

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Immunogenicity of heterologous prime/booster-inactivated and adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccine: real-world data

10.21203/rs.3.rs-785693/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nasamon Wanlapakorn ◽

Nungruthai Suntronwong ◽

Harit Phowatthanasathian ◽

Ritthideach Yorsang ◽

Thanunrat Thongmee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Antibody Activity ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Real World Data ◽

Comparison Groups ◽

Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Vectored Vaccine ◽

Sera Samples

Abstract Limited data are available on the responses to heterologous vaccine regimens for SARS-CoV-2, especially among countries using inactivated and adenoviral-vectored vaccines. A total of 77 participants who received heterologous prime/booster-inactivated COVID-19 vaccine and adenoviral-vectored vaccine were enrolled in our study. There were two comparison groups vaccinated with the homologous CoronaVac (N = 79) and AZD1222 (N = 80) regimen. All sera samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding-domain (RBD) IgG using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). The neutralizing activity in a subset of serum samples was tested against the original Wuhan strain and variants of concern, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). The CoronaVac followed by the AZD1222 vaccine induced higher levels of spike RBD-specific IgG than that of two-dose CoronaVac or AZD1222 vaccines (p < 0.001). Sera samples of the CoronaVac/AZD1222 vaccine recipients elicited higher neutralizing antibody activity against the original Wuhan and the B.1.351 strain than in the recipients of the two-dose CoronaVac or AZD1222. Following the inactivated CoronaVac/adenoviral-vectored (AZD1222) vaccination administered 14–72 days apart, participants receiving the heterologous vaccine regimen had higher spike RBD-specific IgG and neutralizing activities than the homologous CoronaVac vaccine recipients.

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Assignment of Weight-Based Antibody Units for Seven Additional Serotypes to a Human Pneumococcal Standard Reference Serum, 007sp

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00437-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 1154-1159 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Goldblatt ◽

C. Y. Tan ◽

P. Burbidge ◽

S. McElhiney ◽

L. McLaughlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Reference Standard ◽

Concordance Correlation ◽

Clinical Protocol ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Reference Serum ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Standard Serum ◽

Adult Volunteers

ABSTRACTThe pneumococcal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reference standard serum, lot 89SF, has been in use since 1990 and was replaced in 2013 with a new reference standard, 007sp, that is projected to be available for the next 25 years. 007sp was generated under an FDA-approved clinical protocol; 278 adult volunteers were immunized with the 23-valent unconjugated polysaccharide vaccine Pneumovax II, and a unit of blood was obtained twice from each immunized subject within 120 days following immunization. Pooled serum was prepared from the plasma of 262 subjects, filled at 6 ml per vial, and lyophilized. Five independent laboratories participated in bridging the serotype-specific IgG assignments for 89SF to the new reference standard, 007sp, to establish equivalent reference values for 13 pneumococcal capsular serotypes (1,3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F) by using the WHO reference ELISA. In a second study involving three laboratories, a similar protocol was used to assign weight-based IgG concentrations in micrograms per ml to 007sp of seven serotypes (8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 22F, and 33F) also present in the 23-valent pneumococcal unconjugated polysaccharide vaccine. In addition, the IgG assignments for a 12-member WHO quality control (QC) serum panel were also extended to cover these seven serotypes. Agreement was excellent, with a concordance correlation coefficient (rc) of >0.996 when each laboratory was compared to the assigned values for the 12 WHO QC serum samples. There are four remaining pneumococcal serotypes (2, 9N, 17F, and 20) found in Pneumovax II for which IgG assignments exist for 89SF and remain to be bridged.

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Angiostrongylus costaricensis egg antigen for the immunodiagnosis of abdominal angiostrongyliasis

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x08982614 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 251-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P. Mesén-Ramírez ◽

E. Abrahams-Sandí ◽

K. Fernández-Quesada ◽

P. Morera

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Parasitic Disease ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Widespread Occurrence ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Egg Antigen ◽

Specific Diagnostic Test

AbstractAngiostrongylus costaricensis is the aetiological agent of human abdominal angiostrongyliasis, a parasitic disease reported from the United States to Argentina, with a widespread occurrence of the nematode throughout Central and South America. This study assesses the performance of A. costaricensis eggs as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for the determination of parasite-specific IgG1 antibodies. The specificity and the sensitivity of the method were 87% and 90.5%, respectively. Through this test it was possible to demonstrate a sharp and early decline in IgG1 antibody in serum samples taken from patients with histopathological diagnosis of abdominal angiostrongyliasis at different time points after surgical treatment. The present work demonstrated the usefulness of the egg antigen in the development of a specific diagnostic test for abdominal angiostrongylosis.

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Use of larval, parasitic female and egg antigens fromStrongyloides venezuelensisto detect parasite-specific IgG and immune complexes in immunodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182012000054 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 139 (7) ◽

pp. 956-961 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. L. R. GONÇALVES ◽

D. S. NUNES ◽

M. R. F. GONÇALVES-PIRES ◽

M. T. UETA ◽

J. M. COSTA-CRUZ

Keyword(s):

Immune Complex ◽

Immune Complexes ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Diagnostic Efficiency ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Parasitic Female ◽

Strongyloides Venezuelensis ◽

Complex Detection ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to use larval, parasitic female and egg antigens fromStrongyloides venezuelensisto detect parasite-specific IgG and immune complexes in human serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In total, 95 serum samples were analysed, consisting of 30 patients harbouringS. stercoralislarvae, 30 healthy subjects and 35 patients with other parasites. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency were calculated. A significant statistical difference was found in the detection of immune complexes and antibodies in patients harbouringS. stercoralislarvae from larval and eggs antigens, with higher positivity using larval antigen. The larval antigen showed the highest values for sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency in ELISA from detection of immune complexes. For the first time we used IgG anti-larvae, IgG anti-parasitic females or IgG anti-eggs for immune complex detection. We concluded that the association of antibody and immune complex detection could be used in the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis.

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Immunogenicity of heterologous prime/booster-inactivated and adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccine: real-world data

10.21203/rs.3.rs-785693/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nasamon Wanlapakorn ◽

Nungruthai Suntronwong ◽

Harit Phowatthanasathian ◽

Ritthideach Yorsang ◽

Thanunrat Thongmee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Antibody Activity ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Real World Data ◽

Neutralizing Activity ◽

Comparison Groups ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Vectored Vaccine ◽

Sera Samples

Abstract Limited data are available on the responses to heterologous vaccine regimens for SARS-CoV-2, especially among countries using inactivated and adenoviral-vectored vaccines. A total of 77 participants who received heterologous prime/booster-inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac) and adenoviral-vectored vaccine (AZD1222) were enrolled in our study. There were two comparison groups vaccinated with the homologous CoronaVac (N = 80) and AZD1222 (N = 80) regimen. All sera samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding-domain (RBD) IgG using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). The neutralizing activity in a subset of serum samples was tested against the original Wuhan strain and variants of concern, B.1.1.7, B.1.617.2 and B.1.351, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). The heterologous CoronaVac/AZD1222 vaccine induced higher levels of spike RBD-specific IgG than that of two-dose homologous CoronaVac or AZD1222 vaccines (p < 0.001). Sera samples of the CoronaVac/AZD1222 vaccine recipients elicited higher neutralizing antibody activity against the original Wuhan and all variants of concern than in the recipients of the two-dose CoronaVac. Nevertheless, there were no difference in neutralizing activity against the original Wuhan and B.1.1.7 strain among heterologous CoronaVac/AZD1222 and homologous AZD1222 vaccine recipients.

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Recombinant Allergens Combined with Biological Markers in the Diagnosis of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00200-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 1330-1336 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Hélène Fricker-Hidalgo ◽

Bérangère Coltey ◽

Catherine Llerena ◽

Jean-Charles Renversez ◽

Renée Grillot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Biological Markers ◽

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽

Specific Ige ◽

Added Value ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Total Ige ◽

Specific Igg

ABSTRACT Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a frequent complication in cystic fibrosis patients. The diagnosis remains difficult and requires a combination of clinical, radiological, biological, and mycological criteria. The aim of this study was to analyze the added value of two recombinant antigens, rAspf4 and rAspf6, associated with the detection of specific IgG; precipitins; total IgE; and Aspergillus fumigatus in sputum for the diagnosis of ABPA. In a retrospective study, we determined the specific IgE responses to these recombinants in 133 sera of 65 cystic fibrosis patients. We selected an average of five serum samples from each of the 17 patients with ABPA (13 proven and 4 probable ABPA) and from 3 patients with Aspergillus bronchitis and rhinosinusitis. One serum sample for the 45 patients without ABPA was tested. The sensitivity of specific IgE detection against rAspf4 calculated per patient (92.3%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of rAspf6 (53.8%). When rAspf4 IgE detection was associated with anti-Aspergillus IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and precipitin detection, the sensitivity rose to 100%. The specificities of rAspf4 and rAspf6 IgE detection were 93.7% and 91.6%, respectively. Other diagnostic criteria had slightly lower specificities (87.5% for anti-Aspergillus IgG ELISA, 89.6% for precipitins, 84.4% for total IgE, and 85.0% for positive A. fumigatus culture in sputum). In conclusion, this retrospective study showed the relevance of rAspf4 IgE detection, in combination with other biological markers (Aspergillus IgG ELISA, precipitins, and total IgE), for improving the biological diagnosis of ABPA.

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AB0296 PASSIVE TRANSFER OF ANTI-SSA, ANTI-Ro52, AND ANTI-MITOCHONDRIAL M2 FROM INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCTS TO PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3544 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1174.2-1174

Author(s):

L. J. Yang ◽

H. G. Li ◽

A. Q. Zeng ◽

Z. M. Ouyang ◽

X. N. Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽

Rheumatic Diseases ◽

Ivig Therapy ◽

Passive Transfer ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Chemiluminescence Immunoassay ◽

Indirect Immunofluorescent Assay ◽

Necrotizing Myositis ◽

Rheumatic Patients

Background:Passive transfer of ANA and anti-SSA has been reported in patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorder who received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). IVIG is also recommended to treat some special or life-threatening rheumatic diseases.Objectives:This study was aimed to explore whether any extractable nuclear antibodies (ENAs) were transferred to these rheumatic patients who received IVIG therapy.Methods:IVIG products of three batches were tested for ANA by using indirect immunofluorescent assay, and for ENAs by using line immunoassay (LIA) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). These IVIG products were administrated to rheumatic patients at a dose of 20g/d×3 days (day1 to day3). Serum samples of these patients before IVIG (day0) and after IVIG (day4, day8, day10, day12, and more than one month) were tested by using LIA and CLIA. Anti-SSA was also detected using ELISA.Results:In these IVIG products, ANA was positive at a titer of 1:640 (cytoplasmic speckled) and 1:80 (speckled). Among 14 types of ENAs that could be tested using LIA, anti-SSA, anti-Ro52, anti-mitochondrial M2, and anti-centromere B antibodies were clearly detectable in IVIG products (Table 1). Likewise, another assay CLIA also detected the same positive autoantibodies in these products. LIA showed the highest concentration in anti-mitochondrial M2, while CLIA showed the highest concentration in anti-mitochondrial M2 and anti-Ro52. One 31-year-old male patient who was diagnosed as SLE (Figure 1) and one 72-year-old male patients who was diagnosed as necrotizing myositis received these IVIG products. Anti-SSA, anti-Ro52, anti-mitochondrial M2, but not anti-centromere B, were positive in the day4 serum samples, although all of these antibodies were negative at baseline (day0). The concentration of these antibodies decreased gradually as days passed and became undetectable around one month after IVIG.Table 1.The concentration of autoantibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin productsanti-SSAanti-Ro-52anti-mitochondrial M2anti-centromere BCut-offLIA(grey value)20±328±369±1019±4≥11CLIA (U/ml)333±107444±86434±66390±89>20ELISA (U/ml)90±13NANANA>20LIA, line immunoassay; CLIA, chemiluminescence immunoassay; ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assayConclusion:This study preliminarily reported transient positivity of anti-SSA, anti-Ro52, and anti-mitochondrial M2 in rheumatic patients maybe because the passive transfer of these antibodies from IVIG products to the patients, although the potential influence of this transfer on the rheumatic diseases remained unknown.Figure 1.The concentration of autoantibodies in a 31-year-old male SLE patient receiving intravenous immunoglobulin at a dose of 20g/d×3 days (day1 to day3). Serum samples of these patients before IVIG (day0) and after IVIG (day4, day8, day10, day12, and day51) were tested by using line immunoassay (LIA) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Anti-SSA was also detected using ELISA. The horizontal red lines were the corresponding cut-off values of each assay.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Early Aqueous Humor Analysis in Patients with Human Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.38.3.996-1001.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 996-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Justus G. Garweg ◽

Patrick Jacquier ◽

Matthias Boehnke

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Humor ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽

Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Diagnostic Significance ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Specific Igg

To evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of a panel of laboratory tests for ocular toxoplasmosis performed at the time of presentation, paired samples of aqueous humor and serum were collected from 49 consecutive episodes of ocular toxoplasmosis with a clinical course of less than 3 weeks. Total immunoglobulin G (IgG) andToxoplasma gondii-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The avidity ofT. gondii-specific IgG was determined, and DNA extracted from aqueous humor was amplified for detection of a glycoprotein B gene sequence of T. gondii. The diagnosis was confirmed for 73% (36 of 49) of the patients; this rate rose to 79.5% if data from a later analysis of aqueous humor derived from five of the negative patients were included. The analysis of serum (detection of T. gondii-specific IgM and analysis of consecutive serum samples) alone did not contribute to the diagnosis. Calculation of local antibody production lacked diagnostic sensitivity when it was determined less than 3 weeks after the manifestation of clinical symptoms (28 of 49 patients [57%]), but this rose to 70% after an analysis of a second aqueous humor sample. The antibody avidity index attained diagnostic significance in only 8 of 43 instances (19%), andT. gondii DNA was amplified from no more than 6 of 39 (16%) aqueous humor samples. However, T. gondii-specific IgA was found within the aqueous humors of 11 of 43 patients (26%); measurement of the T. gondii-specific IgA level thus contributed substantially to the diagnostic sensitivity of the laboratory tests.

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Specific IgG and immune complex responses to parthenogenetic females and eggs of nematode Strongyloides venezuelensis for the diagnosis of immunosuppression in infected rats

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x15000346 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 342-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A.L.R. Gonçalves ◽

K.C.L. de Araújo ◽

E.F.G. Carvalho ◽

M.T. Ueta ◽

J.M. Costa-Cruz

Keyword(s):

Immune Complex ◽

Immune Complexes ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Parthenogenetic Female ◽

Strongyloides Venezuelensis ◽

Egg Extracts ◽

Complex Detection ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Bonferroni Test

AbstractIn the present study, antigens from parthenogenetic females and eggs of Strongyloides venezuelensis, or anti-parthenogenetic-female and anti-egg antigens were used to detect specific IgG and immune complex responses, respectively. Serum samples from experimentally infected immunocompetent and immunosuppressed rats were analysed on days 5, 8, 13 and 21 post-infection (dpi). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed using alkaline parasite extract for specific IgG detection, and anti-parthenogenetic-female or anti-egg antigens for immune complex detection. The data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a Bonferroni test. When parthenogenetic female or egg extracts were used as antigens, specific IgGs were not detected in either immunocompetent or immunosuppressed rats. When anti-parthenogenetic-female or anti-S. venezuelensis-eggs were used, immune complexes were detected for the duration of the infection in immunosuppressed animals and were only detected between 5 and 13 dpi in immunocompetent animals. The duration of infection was not significantly different between the immunocompetent and immunosuppressed groups when anti-parthenogenetic-female or anti-S. venezuelensis-eggs were used. Parthenogenetic female extracts yielded significant differences between antibody and immune complex responses in immunocompetent rats from 5 to 13 dpi, but only on day 5 dpi in immunosuppressed rats. Exposure to S. venezuelensis egg extract yielded significant differences in both antibody and immune complex detection between immunocompetent and immunosuppressed rats for the duration of the infection. In conclusion, ELISA using alternative antigens may be a successful strategy for identifying immune complexes in serum samples and diagnosing active strongyloidiasis, particularly under conditions of immunosuppression.

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Immunogenicity of a third dose viral-vectored COVID-19 vaccine after receiving two-dose inactivated vaccines in healthy adults

10.1101/2021.09.16.21263692 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ritthideach Yorsaeng ◽

Nungruthai Suntronwong ◽

Harit Phowatthanasathian ◽

Suvichada Assawakosri ◽

Sitthichai Kanokudom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Neutralization Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Receptor Binding Domain ◽

Wild Type ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Inactivated Vaccines ◽

Specific Igg ◽

June July ◽

High Immunogenicity

In June 2021, Thailand was hit by the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 resulting in the biggest wave of COVID-19. Due to the widespread delta variant, more than 600 healthcare workers had COVID-19 despite completion of two-dose CoronaVac. The Ministry of Public Health recommended that healthcare workers received a third dose of AZD1222 to increase level of protection against SARS-CoV-2. However, immune response after the third vaccination with AZD1222 are limited. In this study, sera from those who received a booster of AZD1222 in June-July 2021 were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding-domain (RBD) IgG, anti-RBD total immunoglobulins and anti-spike protein 1 (S1) IgA. The neutralizing activities in a subset of serum samples were tested against the wild type and variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.617.2, and B.1.351) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based surrogate virus neutralization test. Participants who received the booster of AZD1222 possessed higher levels of spike RBD-specific IgG, total immunoglobulins, and anti-S1 IgA than that two-dose vaccines (p < 0.001). They also elicited higher neutralizing activity against the wild type and all variants of concern than those in the recipients of the two-dose vaccines. This study demonstrated a high immunogenicity of the AZD1222 booster who completed the two-dose inactivated vaccines.

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