An Automated and Highly Sensitive Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Diagnosing Mushroom Poisoning

Mushrooms containing Amanita peptide toxins are the major cause of mushroom poisoning, and lead to approximately 90% of deaths. Phallotoxins are the fastest toxin causing poisoning among Amanita peptide toxins. Thus, it is imperative to construct a highly sensitive quantification method for the rapid diagnosis of mushroom poisoning. In this study, we established a highly sensitive and automated magnetic bead (MB)-based chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for the early, rapid diagnosis of mushroom poisoning. The limits of detection (LODs) for phallotoxins were 0.010 ng/ml in human serum and 0.009 ng/ml in human urine. Recoveries ranged from 81.6 to 95.6% with a coefficient of variation <12.9%. Analysis of Amanita phalloides samples by the automated MB-based CLIA was in accordance with that of HPLC-MS/MS. The advantages the MB-based CLIA, high sensitivity, repeatability, and stability, were due to the use of MBs as immune carriers, chemiluminescence as a detection signal, and an integrated device to automate the whole process. Therefore, the proposed automated MB-based CLIA is a promising option for the early and rapid clinical diagnosis of mushroom poisoning.

Description of The Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ChLIA) Method of HIV Screening Test on The Donor's Blood

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the transmitted infection through blood transfusion. Chemiluminescence immunoassay for HIV testing is performed to ensure the safety and quality of blood product that released. Purpose of the study to identify the result of Chemiluminescence Immunoassay methode for HIV testing to blood donor’s characteristic based on gender, age, blood group, HIV titer, and donation location. The design of this research is descriptive retrospective. There is 11 (0,8%) reactive blood bag and 1.289 (99,2%) blood bag non reactive to HIV, reactive blood bag based of gender is 8 (72,7%) blood bag from male donors and 3 (27,3%) blood bag from female donors. Based on donors age, mostly reactive result are from 41-70 years old is 4 (36,4%) donors, and the fewest is from (under) 19 years old is 1 (9,1%) donors. The majority based on blood group is B Rh+ is 4 (36,4%) donors. The majority based on HIV titer is low titer, 1,0-2,0 is 7 (63,6%) donors. Based on donation location, mostly from mobile unit (MU) is 8 (72,7%) donors over 11 donors with HIV reactive. Conclusion of this study is donors gender, donors age, and donation location had a significant influence on reactive result of HIV testing.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in breast milk and serum of immunized lactating mothers

Objectives As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continuous to spread, the transfer of maternal anti severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies via lactation is an important source of immunity in newborns that requires more comprehensive studies to improve vaccine options in these candidates. The aim of this study was to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies against COVID-19 in breast milk and serum of lactating mothers post vaccination and to establish a correlation between both. Methods Hundred and eighty lactating mothers were included in this cross sectional cohort study conducted at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. We described the immunogenicity 21 days after the booster dose of vaccine in 21 patients. Breast Milk and serum specimens were collected and investigated for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies by consuming electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Roche, Switzerland). Results One-hundred percent of patients revealed robust positive findings to SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins antibodies in breast milk and 85 percent in serum, i.e., >0.8 IU/mL. Our study shows that lactating mothers can mount robust immune reactions against SARS-CoV-2 post vaccination. Conclusions All participants had significantly higher antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination. Participants had antibody titers one scale higher post vaccination than pre vaccination. A significant correlation was found between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in milk and serum. Constant monitoring of antibodies titers is estimated to attain significant humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.