Exposure of Immunocompetent Adult Mice to Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris by Cohousing: Growth of P. carinii f. sp. muris and Host Immune Response

ABSTRACT There has been emerging evidence that immunocompetent hosts can harbor Pneumocystis in their lungs. The purpose of this study was to determine the kinetics of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris infection in adult immunocompetent mice and the host immune response to the organisms. To accomplish this, we exposed adult immunocompetent mice to SCID mice infected with P. carinii f. sp. muris by cohousing. We found that P. carinii f. sp. muris was detectable in the lungs of cohoused immunocompetent mice by PCR by 3 weeks after the beginning of cohousing. At about 4 weeks of cohousing, P. carinii f. sp. muris was readily detectable in the lungs of mice by microscopic techniques. Also at this time, P. carinii f. sp. muris-specific immunoglobulin G was found in the sera of the mice, and CD62low CD4- and CD8-positve T cells accumulated in the lungs. Shortly after this immune response, the P. carinii f. sp. muris organisms were cleared from the lungs. Adult mice cohoused for only 1 week also contained P. carinii f. sp. muris cysts detectable by silver staining at 5 and 6 weeks after the beginning of cohousing. We also found that the P. carinii f. sp. muris organisms grew to greater numbers in the lungs of BALB/c mice than in those of C57BL6 mice. This indicates that immunocompetent hosts develop a mild infection with P. carinii f. sp. muris which resolves in 5 to 6 weeks when there is a detectable immune response to the organism. Once an acquired immune response was initiated, the P. carinii f. sp. muris organisms were quickly eliminated without clinical signs of disease.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Exposure of immunocompetent adult mice to Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris by cohousing: growth of P. carinii f. sp. muris and host immune response.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1013291.189827 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Charles Czuprynski

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Pneumocystis Carinii ◽

Host Immune Response ◽

Immunocompetent Adult ◽

Adult Mice

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Pneumocystis carinii infection in young non-immunosuppressed rabbits. Kinetics of infection and of the primary specific immune response

Medical Microbiology and Immunology ◽

10.1007/s004300050098 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 188 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Enrica Tamburrini ◽

Elena Ortona ◽

Elena Visconti ◽

Paola Mencarini ◽

Paola Margutti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Pneumocystis Carinii ◽

Specific Immune Response ◽

Pneumocystis Carinii Infection ◽

Kinetics Of

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The kinetics of repeated low-level infections of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in the laboratory rat

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s003118200007760x ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 457-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

D. Conwil Jenkins ◽

R. F. Phillipson

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Repeated Administration ◽

Host Immune Response ◽

Primary Immune Response ◽

Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽

Low Level ◽

Laboratory Rat ◽

Repeated Infections ◽

Kinetics Of

The kinetics of low-level repeated infections of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in the laboratory rat were studied.The administration of five infective larvae each weekday to the rats produced an infection which was cumulative over 16 weeks and which did not produce an acute host immune response.The repeated administration of 50 larvae/weekday produced a primary immune response after 14 days. This caused partial worm expulsion and the suppression of egg output but the resistance of these rats to reinfection was not as pronounced as that seen in classical laboratory infections where heavier but less frequent larval exposures are used. The secondary worms that established in these rats did not elicit an acute host immune response even when the worm burden was as high as 756 worms.It is suggested that the kinetics of this type of infection more closely approximate those found under natural conditions than do those of a ‘classical’ laboratory infection.We wish to thank Misses G. Merchant, L. Cleaver and J. Cobb for able technical assistance, and Dr B. M. Ogilvie (National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London) for her helpful comments and discussions.

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Intrarectal Immunization with Rotavirus 2/6 Virus-Like Particles Induces an Antirotavirus Immune Response Localized in the Intestinal Mucosa and Protects against Rotavirus Infection in Mice

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.80.8.3823-3832.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 80 (8) ◽

pp. 3823-3832 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Davide Agnello ◽

Christine A. Hervé ◽

Amandine Lavaux ◽

Magali Darniot ◽

Patrice Guillon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Protective Immunity ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Specific Immunoglobulin ◽

Severe Gastroenteritis ◽

Iga Production ◽

Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Rotavirus (RV) is the main etiological agent of severe gastroenteritis in infants, and vaccination seems the most effective way to control the disease. Recombinant rotavirus-like particles composed of the viral protein 6 (VP6) and VP2 (2/6-VLPs) have been reported to induce protective immunity in mice when administered by the intranasal (i.n.) route. In this study, we show that administration of 2/6-VLPs by the intrarectal (i.r.) route together with either cholera toxin (CT) or a CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide as the adjuvant protects adult mice against RV infection. Moreover, when CT is used, RV shedding in animals immunized by the i.r. route is even reduced in comparison with that in animals immunized by the i.n. route. Humoral and cellular immune responses induced by these immunization protocols were analyzed. We found that although i.r. immunization with 2/6-VLPs induces lower RV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA levels in serum, intestinal anti-RV IgA production is higher in mice immunized by the i.r. route. Cellular immune response has been evaluated by measuring cytokine production by spleen and Peyer's patch cells (PPs) after ex vivo restimulation with RV. Mice immunized by the i.n. and i.r. routes display higher gamma interferon production in spleen and PPs, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrate that i.r. immunization with 2/6-VLPs protects against RV infection in mice and is more efficient than i.n. immunization in inducing an anti-RV immune response in intestinal mucosa.

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D-Mannose Slows Glioma Growth by Modulating Myeloperoxidase Activity

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13246360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 6360

Author(s):

Negin Jalali Motlagh ◽

Cuihua Wang ◽

Enrico Giovanni Kuellenberg ◽

Gregory R. Wojtkiewicz ◽

Stephan Schmidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Cell Model ◽

Host Immune Response ◽

H2o2 Production ◽

Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽

Stem Cell Model ◽

Glioma Growth ◽

Immunocompetent Mice ◽

Glioma Progression

Host immune response in the tumor microenvironment plays key roles in tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that D-mannose, a simple sugar with anti-inflammatory properties, could decrease oxidative stress and slow glioma progression. Using a glioma stem cell model in immunocompetent mice, we induced gliomas in the brain and tracked MPO activity in vivo with and without D-mannose treatment. As expected, we found that D-mannose treatment decreased the number of MPO+ cells and slowed glioma progression compared to PBS-treated control animals with gliomas. Unexpectedly, instead of decreasing MPO activity, D-mannose increased MPO activity in vivo, revealing that D-mannose boosted the MPO activity per MPO+ cell. On the other hand, D-glucose had no effect on MPO activity. To better understand this effect, we examined the effect of D-mannose on bone marrow-derived myeloid cells. We found that D-mannose modulated MPO activity via two mechanisms: directly via N-glycosylation of MPO, which boosted the MPO activity of each molecule, and indirectly by increasing H2O2 production, the main substrate for MPO. This increased host immune response acted to reduce tumor size, suggesting that increasing MPO activity such as through D-mannose administration may be a potential new therapeutic direction for glioma treatment.

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