scholarly journals Nipah Virus Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. e01875-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda S. P. Ang ◽  
Tchoyoson C. C. Lim ◽  
Linfa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Date Palm Sap

ABSTRACT Nipah virus, a paramyxovirus related to Hendra virus, first emerged in Malaysia in 1998. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis. Malaysia has had no more cases since 1999, but outbreaks continue to occur in Bangladesh and India. In the Malaysia-Singapore outbreak, transmission occurred primarily through contact with pigs, whereas in Bangladesh and India, it is associated with ingestion of contaminated date palm sap and human-to-human transmission. Bats are the main reservoir for this virus, which can cause disease in humans and animals. There are currently no effective therapeutics, and supportive care and prevention are the mainstays of management.

scholarly journals Piloting the use of indigenous methods to prevent Nipah virus infection by interrupting bats' access to date palm sap in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazmun Nahar ◽  
Utpal Kumar Mondal ◽  
Rebeca Sultana ◽  
M. Jahangir Hossain ◽  
M. Salah Uddin Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Date Palm Sap ◽  
Indigenous Methods

scholarly journals Nipah Virus: An Emergent Deadly Paramyxovirus Infection In Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farema Wahed ◽  
Syed Abdul Kader ◽  
Akhtarun Nessa ◽  
Md Mukti Mahamud
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Date Palm Sap ◽  
Human Infections

Nipah virus, a member of the genus Henipavirus, a new class of virus in the Paramyxoviridae family, has drawn attention as an emerging zoonotic virus in south east and south asian region. Case fatality rate of Nipah virus infection ranges from 40-70% although it has been as high as 100% in some outbreaks. Many of the outbreaks were attributed to pigs consuming fruits partially eaten by fruit bats, and transmission of infection to humans. In Bangladesh, 7 outbreaks of Nipah virus infection were identified during the period 2001–2007. In Bangladesh, Nipah virus infection was associated with contact with a sick cow, consumption of fresh date palm sap (potentially contaminated with pteropid bat saliva), and person-to-person transmission. In the most recent epidemic at least 15 people died due to Nipah virus infection in Hatibandha, Lalmonirhat district in a remote northern Bangladesh town in 2011 adding to the previous death toll of 113 in the country . Human infections range from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis. Infected people initially develop influenzalike symptoms of fever, headaches, myalgia , vomiting and sore throat. This can be followed by dizziness, drowsiness, altered consciousness, and neurological signs that indicate acute encephalitis. Some people can also experience atypical pneumonia and severe respiratory problems. The virus is detected by ELISA, PCR, immunofluoroscent assay and isolation by cell culture. Treatment is mostly symptomatic and supportive as the effect of antiviral drugs is not satisfactory, and an effective vaccine is yet to be developed. So the very high case fatality addresses the need for adequate and strict control and preventive measures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i2.9764 JBSP 2011 6(2): 134-139

scholarly journals Nipah Virus: A Public Health Concern

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar Siddique ◽  
Jannatul Fardows ◽  
Nasreen Farhana ◽  
Maksud Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Date Palm Sap ◽  
Human Infections

Nipah virus, a member of the genus Henipavirus, a new class of virus in the Paramyxoviridae family, has drawn attention as an emerging zoonotic virus in South-East and South Asian region. Case fatality rate of Nipah virus infection ranges from 40–70% although it has been as high as 100% in some outbreaks. Many of the outbreaks were attributed to pigs consuming fruits, partially eaten by fruit bats, and transmission of infection to humans. In Bangladesh, Nipah virus infection was associated with contact with a sick cow, consumption of fresh date palm sap (potentially contaminated with pteropid bat saliva), and person-to-person transmission. In 2014, 18 cases of Nipah virus infection have been reported in Bangladesh, of which 9 cases died. In the most recent epidemic at least 6 people died out of nine cases due to Nipah virus infection in the remote northern Bangladesh in 2015. Human infections range from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis. Some people can also experience atypical pneumonia and severe respiratory problems. The virus is detected by ELISA, PCR, immunofluoroscence assay and isolation by cell culture. Treatment is mostly symptomatic and supportive as the effect of antiviral drugs is not satisfactory, and an effective vaccine is yet to be developed. So the very high case fatality addresses the need for adequate and strict control and preventive measures.J Enam Med Col 2016; 6(2): 101-105

scholarly journals A report on Nipah Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onkar Doke ◽  
Sagar Kale ◽  
Fatema Begum Mujawar ◽  
Priyanka More ◽  
Tejashri More
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Lung Fibroblast ◽  
Human Lung Fibroblast ◽  
Date Palm Sap ◽  
Cell Spread

Nipah virus, a paramyxovirus related to Hendra virus. Nipah virus first emerged in Malaysia, outbreak continue to occur in Bangladesh and India. In Malaysia-Singapore outbreak transmission occurred primarily through contact with pig. While in Bangladesh and India it is related with ingestion of contaminated date palm sap and human-to-human transmission. Bats are main reservoir for Nipah virus which can cause disease in human and animal. Nipah virus replication well in porcine stable kidney cell and human lung fibroblast cell. Nipah virus is probably spread through cell-to-cell spread mechanism. The Nipah virus has the potential to be considered an agent of bioterrorism. Keywords: Nipah virus; pig; human; transmission

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NIPAH VIRUS IN TODAY’S WORLD

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Dhiraj Kumar Singh ◽  
Rakhi Ahuja ◽  
Nagendra Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Date Palm Sap ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Day By Day

The effect of Nipah Virus Infection is increasing day by day in today’s scenario and more number of cases are found in various countries. In India it was discovered in Sikkim, Siliguri and West Bengal. It is near borders with China, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sikkim. The primary pathways of transmission is from bats to people, in Bangladesh its transformed via contamination of raw date palm sap by bats with subsequent consumption by humans and through infection of domestic animals (cattle, pigs, and goats), presumably from consumption of food contaminated with bat saliva or urine with subsequent transmission to people. It is found in both species of humans as well as animals more number of deaths was found in the both spices, hence zoonotics. Laboratory investigations at the time of the outbreak did not show or identify an infectious agent. Approximately half of recognized Nipah cases in Bangladesh developed their disease following person to person transmission of the virus. Efforts to prevent transmission should focus on decreasing bat access to date palm sap and reducing family members' and friends' exposure to infected patients' saliva or body fluids.

scholarly journals Chloroquine Administration Does Not Prevent Nipah Virus Infection and Disease in Ferrets

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (22) ◽  
pp. 11979-11982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Pallister ◽  
Deborah Middleton ◽  
Gary Crameri ◽  
Manabu Yamada ◽  
Reuben Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Malaria Therapy ◽  
Sporadic Disease

ABSTRACT Hendra virus and Nipah virus, two zoonotic paramyxoviruses in the genus Henipavirus, have recently emerged and continue to cause sporadic disease outbreaks in humans and animals. Mortality rates of up to 75% have been reported in humans, but there are presently no clinically licensed therapeutics for treating henipavirus-induced disease. A recent report indicated that chloroquine, used in malaria therapy for over 70 years, prevented infection with Nipah virus in vitro. Chloroquine was assessed using a ferret model of lethal Nipah virus infection and found to be ineffective against Nipah virus infection in vivo.

scholarly journals Evolving epidemiology of Nipah virus infection in Bangladesh: evidence from outbreaks during 2010–2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. CHAKRABORTY ◽  
H. M. S. SAZZAD ◽  
M. J. HOSSAIN ◽  
M. S. ISLAM ◽  
S. PARVEEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Date Palm Sap ◽  
Case Transmission ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
First Time ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYDrinking raw date palm sap is the primary route of Nipah virus (NiV) transmission from bats to people in Bangladesh; subsequent person-to-person transmission is common. During December 2010 to March 2011, we investigated NiV epidemiology by interviewing cases using structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and group discussions to collect clinical and exposure histories. We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for transmission. We identified 43 cases; 23 were laboratory-confirmed and 20 probable. Thirty-eight (88%) cases died. Drinking raw date palm sap and contact with an infected person were major risk factors; one healthcare worker was infected and for another case transmission apparently occurred through contact with a corpse. In absence of these risk factors, apparent routes of transmission included drinking fermented date palm sap. For the first time, a case was detected in eastern Bangladesh. Identification of new epidemiological characteristics emphasizes the importance of continued NiV surveillance and case investigation.

scholarly journals Clinical Presentation of Nipah Virus Infection in Bangladesh

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jahangir Hossain ◽  
Emily S. Gurley ◽  
Joel M. Montgomery ◽  
Michael Bell ◽  
Darin S. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Nipah Virus

scholarly journals West Nile Virus Infection in Pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Stewart ◽  
Stefanie N. Bryant ◽  
Jeanne S. Sheffield
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Recent Outbreak

A recent outbreak of West Nile virus has allowed for observations as to the clinical course of this emerging pathogen during pregnancy. We present three cases of West Nile virus infection during pregnancy. Case 1 presented at term with focal subjective weakness and fever. With supportive care, her symptoms were resolved within 7 days, and she subsequently delivered an unaffected term infant. Case 2 presented in the first trimester with fever and headache. Her symptoms were resolved in 8 days with supportive care. Case 3 was diagnosed during the first trimester during workup of nonspecific respiratory symptoms, with resolution of all symptoms in 24 days. Obstetricians need to be aware of the varied clinical presentation of West Nile virus during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Piloting the promotion of bamboo skirt barriers to prevent Nipah virus transmission through date palm sap in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazmun Nahar ◽  
Utpal Kumar Mondal ◽  
M. Jahangir Hossain ◽  
M. Salah Uddin Khan ◽  
Rebeca Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Date Palm Sap
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