scholarly journals Distinct Host Species Correlate with Anaplasma phagocytophilum ankA Gene Clusters

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 790-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Scharf ◽  
S. Schauer ◽  
F. Freyburger ◽  
M. Petrovec ◽  
D. Schaarschmidt-Kiener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Anka Gene

scholarly journals Co-infection, reinfection and superinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains in a cattle herd based on ankA gene and multilocus sequence typing

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis B. Langenwalder ◽  
Cornelia Silaghi ◽  
Marion Nieder ◽  
Martin Pfeffer ◽  
Friederike D. von Loewenich
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Anka Gene

scholarly journals Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains from voles and shrews exhibit specific ankA gene sequences

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Majazki ◽  
Nicole Wüppenhorst ◽  
Kathrin Hartelt ◽  
Richard Birtles ◽  
Friederike D von Loewenich
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Anka Gene

scholarly journals A clonally reproducing generalist aphid pest colonises diverse host plants by rapid transcriptional plasticity of duplicated gene clusters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C Mathers ◽  
Yazhou Chen ◽  
Gemy Kaithakottil ◽  
Fabrice Legeai ◽  
Sam T Mugford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Transcriptional Plasticity

BackgroundThe prevailing paradigm of host-parasite evolution is that arms races lead to increasing specialisation via genetic adaptation. Insect herbivores are no exception, and the majority have evolved to colonise a small number of closely related host species. Remarkably, the green peach aphid,Myzus persicae, colonises plant species across 40 families and singleM. persicaeclonal lineages can colonise distantly related plants. This remarkable ability makesM. persicaea highly destructive pest of many important crop species.ResultsTo investigate the exceptional phenotypic plasticity ofM. persicae, we sequenced theM. persicaegenome and assessed how one clonal lineage responds to host plant species of different families. We show that genetically identical individuals are able to colonise distantly related host species through the differential regulation of genes belonging to aphid-expanded gene families. Multigene clusters collectively up-regulate in single aphids within two days upon host switch. Furthermore, we demonstrate the functional significance of this rapid transcriptional change using RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knock-down of genes belonging to the cathepsin B gene family. Knock-down of cathepsin B genes reduced aphid fitness, but only on the host that induced up-regulation of these genes.ConclusionsPrevious research has focused on the role of genetic adaptation of parasites to their hosts. Here we show that the generalist aphid pestM. persicaeis able to colonise diverse host plant species in the absence of genetic specialisation. This is achieved through rapid transcriptional plasticity of genes that have duplicated during aphid evolution.

scholarly journals Assessing biosynthetic gene cluster diversity in a multipartite nutritional symbiosis between herbivorous turtle ants and conserved gut symbionts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Chanson ◽  
Corrie S. Moreau ◽  
Christophe Duplais
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Gut Symbionts

AbstractIn insect-microbe nutritional symbioses the symbiont supplements the low nutrient diet of the host by producing amino acids and vitamins, and degrading lignin or polysaccharides. In multipartite mutualisms composed of multiple symbionts from different taxonomical orders, it has been suggested that in addition to the genes involved in the nutritional symbiosis the symbionts maintain genes responsible for the production of metabolites putatively playing a role in the maintenance and interaction of the bacterial communities living in close proximity. To test this hypothesis we investigated the diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in the genomes and metagenomes of obligate gut symbionts associated with the herbivorous turtle ants (genus: Cephalotes). We studied 17 Cephalotes species collected across several geographical areas to reveal that (i) mining bacterial metagenomes and genomes provides complementary results demonstrating the robustness of this approach with metagenomic data, (ii) symbiotic gut bacteria have a high diversity of BGCs which is correlated with host geography but not host phylogeny, (iii) the majority of the BGCs comes from the bacteria involved in the nutritional symbiosis supporting conserved metabolic functions for colonization, communication and competition in the gut environment, (iv) phylogenetic analysis of arylpolyene, polyketide (PK), and siderophore shows high similarity between BGCs of a single symbiont across different ant host species, while non-ribosomal peptide (NRP) shows high similarity between BGCs from different bacterial orders within a single host species suggesting multiple mechanisms for genome evolution of these obligate mutualistic gut bacteria.

scholarly journals The absence of the drhm gene is not a marker for human-pathogenicity in European Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis B. Langenwalder ◽  
Sabine Schmidt ◽  
Cornelia Silaghi ◽  
Jasmin Skuballa ◽  
Nikola Pantchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
European Origin ◽  
The North ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Typing Methods

Abstract Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that replicates in neutrophil granulocytes. It is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex and causes febrile illness in humans and animals. The geographical distribution of A. phagocytophilum spans the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia. However, human disease predominantly occurs in North America but is infrequently reported from Europe and Asia. In North American strains, the absence of the drhm gene has been proposed as marker for pathogenicity in humans whereas no information on the presence or absence of the drhm gene was available for A. phagocytophilum strains circulating in Europe. Therefore, we tested 511 European and 21 North American strains for the presence of drhm and compared the results to two other typing methods: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and ankA-based typing. Results Altogether, 99% (478/484) of the analyzable European and 19% (4/21) of the North American samples from different hosts were drhm-positive. Regarding the strains from human granulocytic anaplasmosis cases, 100% (35/35) of European origin were drhm-positive and 100% (14/14) of North American origin were drhm-negative. Human strains from North America and Europe were both part of MLST cluster 1. North American strains from humans belonged to ankA gene clusters 11 and 12 whereas European strains from humans were found in ankA gene cluster 1. However, the North American ankA gene clusters 11 and 12 were highly identical at the nucleotide level to the European cluster 1 with 97.4% and 95.2% of identity, respectively. Conclusions The absence of the drhm gene in A. phagocytophilum does not seem to be associated with pathogenicity for humans per se, because all 35 European strains of human origin were drhm-positive. The epidemiological differences between North America and Europe concerning the incidence of human A. phagocytophilum infection are not explained by strain divergence based on MLST and ankA gene-based typing.

scholarly journals Identification of Host Adaptation Genes in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli during Infection in Different Hosts

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haobo Zhang ◽  
Xuhua Chen ◽  
Lisa K. Nolan ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ganwu Li
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Essential Genes ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Systemic Infections

ABSTRACT Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important human and animal pathogen. Despite the apparent similarities in their known virulence attributes, some ExPEC strains can cross the host species barrier and present a zoonotic potential, whereas other strains exhibit host specificity, suggesting the existence of unknown mechanisms that remain to be identified. We applied a transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS) strategy to investigate the ExPEC XM strain, which is capable of crossing the host species barrier, and to screen for virulence-essential genes in both mammalian (mouse) and avian (duck) models of E. coli-related septicemia. We identified 151 genes essential for systemic infection in both mammalian and avian models, 97 required only in the mammalian model, and 280 required only in the avian model. Ten genes/gene clusters were selected for further validation, and their contributions to ExPEC virulence in both mammalian and avian models or mammalian- or avian-only models were confirmed by animal tests. This represents the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of virulence-essential genes required for systemic infections in two different host species and provides a further comprehensive understanding of ExPEC-related virulence, host specificity, and adaptation.

scholarly journals Assessing Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Diversity of Specialized Metabolites in the Conserved Gut Symbionts of Herbivorous Turtle Ants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Chanson ◽  
Corrie S. Moreau ◽  
Christophe Duplais
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Gut Symbionts

Cephalotes are herbivorous ants (>115 species) feeding on low-nitrogen food sources, and they rely on gut symbionts to supplement their diet by recycling nitrogen food waste into amino acids. These conserved gut symbionts, which encompass five bacterial orders, have been studied previously for their primary nitrogen metabolism; however, little is known about their ability to biosynthesize specialized metabolites which can play a role in bacterial interactions between communities living in close proximity in the gut. To evaluate the biosynthetic potential of their gut symbionts, we mine 14 cultured isolate genomes and gut metagenomes across 17 Cephalotes species to explore the biodiversity of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) producing specialized metabolites. The diversity of BGCs across Cephalotes phylogeny was analyzed using sequence similarity networking and BGC phylogenetic reconstruction. Our results reveal that the conserved gut symbionts involved in the nutritional symbiosis possess 80% of all the 233 BGCs retrieved in this work. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis of BGCs reveals different patterns of distribution, suggesting different mechanisms of conservation. A siderophore BGC shows high similarity in a single symbiont across different ant host species, whereas a BGC encoding the production of non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) found different symbionts within a single host species. Additionally, BGCs were abundant in four of the five bacterial orders of conserved symbionts co-occurring in the hindgut. However, one major symbiont localized alone in the midgut lack BGCs. Because the spatial isolation prevents direct interaction with other symbionts, this result supports the idea that BGCs are maintained in bacteria living in close proximity but are dispensable for an alone-living symbiont. These findings together pave the way for studying the mechanisms of BGC conservation and evolution in gut bacterial genomes associated with Cephalotes. This work also provides a genetic background for further study, aiming to characterize bacterial specialized metabolites and to understand their functional role in multipartite mutualisms between conserved gut symbionts and Cephalotes turtle ants.

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