scholarly journals Prevalence of Candida dubliniensis Isolates in a Yeast Stock Collection

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2869-2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Odds ◽  
Luc Van Nuffel ◽  
Géry Dams
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Overt Disease ◽  
Hiv Negative

To establish the historical prevalence of the novel yeast species Candida dubliniensis, a survey of 2,589 yeasts originally identified as Candida albicans and maintained in a stock collection dating back to the early 1970s was undertaken. A total of 590 yeasts, including 93 (18.5%) β-glucosidase-negative isolates among 502 isolates that showed abnormal colony colors on a differential chromogenic agar and 497 other isolates, were subjected to DNA fingerprinting with the moderately repetitive sequence Ca3. On this basis, 53 yeasts were reidentified as C. dubliniensis(including the C. dubliniensis type strain, included as a blind control in the panel of yeasts). The 52 newly found isolates came from 36 different persons, and a further 3 C. dubliniensis isolates were detected by DNA fingerprinting of previously untested isolates from one of these individuals. The prevalence of C. dubliniensis among yeasts in oral and fecal samples was significantly higher than that among yeasts from other anatomical sites and was significantly higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals than among known or presumed HIV-negative individuals. However, a single vaginal isolate and two oral isolates from healthy volunteers confirmed that the species is restricted neither to gastrointestinal sites nor to patients with overt disease. The oldest examples of C. dubliniensis were from oral samples of three patients in the United Kingdom in 1973 and 1975. In comparison with age-matched control isolates of C. albicans, theC. dubliniensis isolates showed slightly higher levels of susceptibility in vitro to amphotericin B and flucytosine and slightly lower levels of susceptibility to three azole antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Antifungal drug susceptibilities of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV-infected subjects and generation of stable fluconazole-resistant derivatives in vitro.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
G P Moran ◽  
D J Sullivan ◽  
M C Henman ◽  
C E McCreary ◽  
B J Harrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Fluconazole Resistance ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Hiv Negative

Candida dubliniensis is a recently described species of Candida associated with oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Nineteen oral isolates of C. dubliniensis recovered from 10 HIV-positive and 4 HIV-negative individuals and one vaginal isolate from an additional HIV-negative subject were assessed for fluconazole susceptibility by broth microdilution (BMD), hyphal elongation assessment, and Etest. The susceptibilities of these 20 isolates to itraconazole and amphotericin B and of 10 isolates to ketoconazole were also determined by BMD only. Sixteen of the C. dubliniensis isolates were susceptible to fluconazole (MIC range, 0.125 to 1.0 microgram ml-1), and four (recovered from two AIDS patients) were fluconazole resistant (MIC range, 8 to 32 micrograms ml-1). Fluconazole susceptibility data obtained by hyphal elongation assessment correlated well with results obtained by BMD, but the corresponding Etest MIC results were one to four times higher. All of the isolates tested were found to be sensitive to itraconazole, ketoconazole, and amphotericin B. Sequential exposure of two fluconazole-sensitive (MIC, 0.5 microgram ml-1) C. dubliniensis isolates to increasing concentrations of fluconazole in agar medium resulted in the recovery of derivatives which expressed a stable fluconazole-resistant phenotype (BMD-determined MIC range, 16 to 64 micrograms ml-1), even after a minimum of 10 consecutive subcultures on drug-free medium and following prolonged storage at -70 degrees C. The clonal relationship between the parental isolates and their respective fluconazole-resistant derivatives was confirmed by genomic DNA fingerprinting and karyotype analysis. The results of this study demonstrate that C. dubliniensis is inherently susceptible to commonly used antifungal drugs, that fluconazole resistance does occur in clinical isolates, and that stable fluconazole resistance can be readily induced in vitro following exposure to the drug.

scholarly journals In vitro activities of antifungal agents alone and in combination against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant strains of Candida dubliniensis

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Alves Scheid ◽  
Débora Alves Nunes Mario ◽  
Thaís Felli Kubiça ◽  
Janio Morais Santurio ◽  
Sydney Hartz Alves
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Resistant Strains

scholarly journals Recovery of Candida dubliniensis from Non-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in Israel

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Itzhack Polacheck ◽  
Jacob Strahilevitz ◽  
Derek Sullivan ◽  
Samantha Donnelly ◽  
Ira F. Salkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Green Coloration ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Hiv Negative

ABSTRACT Candida dubliniensis is a recently discovered yeast species principally associated with carriage and disease in the oral cavities of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. To date the majority of isolates of this species have been identified in Europe and North America. In this study, five Candida isolates recovered from separate HIV-negative hospitalized patients in Jerusalem, Israel, were presumptively identified as C. dubliniensis on the basis of their dark green coloration when grown on CHROMagar Candida medium. Their identification was confirmed by a variety of techniques, including carbohydrate assimilation profiles, absence of growth at 45°C, positive reaction with C. dubliniensis -specific antibodies as determined by indirect immunofluorescence analysis, and positive amplification with C. dubliniensis -specific PCR primers. All five strains were shown to be susceptible to a range of antifungal agents, including fluconazole. One of the five isolates was recovered from urine specimens, while the remaining four were recovered from upper respiratory tract and oral samples. While none of the patients was HIV positive, all were receiving broad-spectrum antibacterials at the time isolates of C. dubliniensis were obtained from clinical specimens. This study describes the first isolates of C. dubliniensis from the Middle East and confirms that this yeast can be associated with carriage and infection in the absence of HIV infection.

Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Activity of the Novel Antiviral Antibiotic Quartromicins which Enhance Inhibitory Effect of 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine (AZT) in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tanabe-Tochikura ◽  
H. Nakashima ◽  
T. Murakami ◽  
O. Tenmyo ◽  
T. Oki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Avian Myeloblastosis Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Novel antiviral antibiotic quartromicins A1 and D1, isolated from Amycolatopsis orientalis, significantly inhibited human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced cytopathic effect and virus specific antigen expression at concentrations of 25–100 μg ml−1 In MT-4 cells infected with HTLV-IIIB. The reverse transcriptase activity of disrupted HTLV-IIIB particles, recombinant HIV-1 enzyme, and purified avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) enzyme were also significantly inhibited by quartromicins A1 and D1. The combined antiviral effect of quartromicin A1 and AZT on the replication of HIV in MT-4 cells was also examined. Quartromicin A1 synergistically enhanced the inhibitory effect of AZT as revealed by HIV-specific antigen expression.

scholarly journals Evaluation of CHROM-Pal medium for the isolation and direct identification of Candida dubliniensis in primary cultures from the oral cavity

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail H. Sahand ◽  
José L. Maza ◽  
Elena Eraso ◽  
Miguel Montejo ◽  
María D. Moragues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Primary Isolation ◽  
Candida Famata ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Hiv Negative ◽  
Isolated Species

Candida albicans is the species most frequently isolated from oral specimens, but the recovery of other Candida species such as Candida dubliniensis is increasing. Differentiation of C. dubliniensis from C. albicans requires special tests and both species are misidentified in some studies. CHROM-Pal (CH-P) is a novel chromogenic medium used in our laboratory for differentiation between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis on the basis of colony colour and morphology, and chlamydospore production. The performance of CH-P and CHROMagar Candida (CAC) was compared for primary isolation and presumptive identification of yeasts from oral specimens from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and uninfected individuals. The identification of Candida species on both media was compared with two reference identification methods (API ID 32 C and multiplex PCR). A total of 137/205 oral swabs (66.8 %) plated onto CH-P and CAC media were positive by culture and resulted in the growth of 171 isolates of Candida species on CH-P, whilst only 159 isolates grew on CAC. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species in both groups of patients, followed by Candida parapsilosis in the HIV-negative group, and by C. dubliniensis in the HIV-infected group. The other Candida species isolated were Candida guilliermondii, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida famata, Candida rugosa, Candida kefyr, Candida pelliculosa and Candida pulcherrima. The sensitivity and specificity for identifying C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C. dubliniensis on CH-P were over 98.5 %, always equal to or higher than those obtained when CAC was used. CH-P is a simple reliable medium for primary isolation and presumptive identification of yeast isolates from oral samples. The ability of CH-P to discriminate between C. dubliniensis and C. albicans was significantly higher (P <0.05) than that of CAC.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Novel Azole Compounds ATTAF-1 and ATTAF-2 against Fluconazole-Susceptible and -Resistant Isolates of Candida Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Fakhim ◽  
Saeed Emami ◽  
Afsane Vaezi ◽  
Seyedeh Mahdieh Hashemi ◽  
Leila Faeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of two novel azole compounds (aryl-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio analogues of fluconazole [ATTAFs]) and five comparator antifungal agents against 52 clinical Candida isolates from 5 different species were determined. The novel azole compounds had the lowest geometric mean MICs, followed by fluconazole. Moreover, combinations of these compounds with fluconazole exhibited synergistic effects against fluconazole-susceptible (22 of 23 isolates), fluconazole-susceptible dose-dependent (10 of 13 isolates), and fluconazole-resistant (1 of 16 isolates) Candida isolates.

scholarly journals Adherence to HeLa cells, typing by killer toxins and susceptibility to antifungal agents of Candida dubliniensis strains

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gismari Miranda da Silva ◽  
Fernando Ricardo Xavier da Silveira ◽  
Maria de Fátima Costa Pires
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Killer Toxins ◽  
Adherence Test

The aim of this study was to evaluate the adherence capability to HeLa cells, the susceptibility to killer toxins and the in vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents (eTest? method - AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) of 9 Candida dubliniensis isolates recovered from HIV+ and AIDS patients. The adherence test was strongly positive for strain ATCC 777 and positive for all other strains. Typing by killer toxins revealed two different biotypes among the 9 isolates studied: 888 and 688. Only biotype 688 (ATCC 777) was susceptible to the K2 toxin. There was a significant inverse correlation between adherence and killer toxin susceptibility (r = -0.8525 - p = 0.0035). No strains presented resistance to fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, flucytosine or amphotericin-B. With the exception of ATCC 777, all the other isolates presented similar behavior.

scholarly journals In VitroActivity of Isavuconazole against Rasamsonia Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 6890-6891 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Steinmann ◽  
S. Dittmer ◽  
J. Houbraken ◽  
J. Buer ◽  
P.-M. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Minimum Effective Concentration ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThein vitrosusceptibilities to the novel triazole isavuconazole and six other antifungal agents of a large collection ofRasamsoniaisolates (n= 47) belonging to seven species were determined. Isavuconazole and voriconazole had noin vitroactivity (MIC, >32 mg/liter) against isolates of theRasamsoniaargillaceaspecies complex. The echinocandins were the most potent antifungal drugs against all of the isolates tested (minimum effective concentration, ≤0.19 mg/liter).

scholarly journals A Ty1 Reverse Transcriptase Active-Site Aspartate Mutation Blocks Transposition but Not Polymerization

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (14) ◽  
pp. 6337-6347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozcan Uzun ◽  
Abram Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Rnase H ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reverse Transcriptases ◽  
Catalytic Function ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Strong Stop

ABSTRACT Reverse transcriptases (RTs) are found in a wide variety of mobile genetic elements including viruses, retrotransposons, and infectious organellar introns. An invariant triad of aspartates is thought to be required for the catalytic function of RTs. We generated RT mutants in the yeast retrotransposon Ty1, changing each of these active-site aspartates to asparagine or glutamate. All but one of the mutants lacked detectable polymerase activity. The novel exception, D211N, retained near wild-type in vitro polymerase activity within virus-like particles but failed to carry out in vivo transposition. For this mutant, minus-strand synthesis is impaired and formation of the plus-strand strong-stop intermediate is eliminated. Intragenic second-site suppressor mutations of the transposition defect map to the RNase H domain of the enzyme. Our results demonstrate that one of the three active-site aspartates in a retrotransposon RT is not catalytically critical. This implies a basic difference in the polymerase active-site geometry of Ty1 and human immunodeficiency virus RT and shows that subtle mutations in one domain can cause dramatic functional effects on a distant domain of the same enzyme.

scholarly journals In vitro activities of antifungal agents alone and in combination against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant strains of Candida dubliniensis

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Liliane Alves Scheid ◽  
Débora Alves Nunes Mario ◽  
Thaís Felli Kubiça ◽  
Janio Morais Santurio ◽  
Sydney Hartz Alves
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Resistant Strains
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