scholarly journals Detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in Blood Specimens from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients by Nested PCR

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meja Rabodonirina ◽  
Laurent Cotte ◽  
André Boibieux ◽  
Karine Kaiser ◽  
Martine Mayençon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Large Subunit Rrna

The detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in blood by PCR could be useful for studying the natural history of pneumocystosis and could also be a noninvasive diagnostic method. The results of previous studies are nevertheless conflicting. In our study, we compared three commercially available DNA extraction kits (GeneReleaser, QIAamp Tissue Kit, and ReadyAmp Genomic DNA Purification System) and proteinase K and proteinase K-phenol-chloroform treatments for the extraction of P. carinii DNA from dilutions of a P. carinii f. sp.hominis cyst suspension mixed with human whole blood. A rapid and simple nested PCR protocol which amplifies a portion of the mitochondrial large-subunit rRNA gene was applied to all the extraction products. The QIAmp Tissue Kit was the most effective kit for the isolation of amplification-ready P. carinii DNA and was used with nested PCR for the testing of whole-blood specimens from 35 immunocompetent control patients and 84 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients investigated for pulmonary disease and/or fever. In HIV-infected patients, P. carinii DNA was detected by nested PCR in blood samples from 3 of 14 patients with microscopically proven P. carinii pneumonia, 7 of 22 patients who were considered to be colonized with P. carinii, and 9 of 48 patients who were neither infected nor colonized with P. carinii. P. carinii DNA was not detected in blood specimens from the 35 immunocompetent patients. P. carinii DNA in blood might represent viable P. carinii organisms or DNA complexes released from pulmonary phagocytes. In conclusion, P. carinii DNA may be detected in whole blood from HIV-infected patients, but the nature and the meaning of the circulating form of P. carinii remain to be established.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation at the Mitochondrial Large-Subunit rRNA Locus of Pneumocystis Isolates from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Norris ◽  
Hans Wildschutte ◽  
Jennifer Franko ◽  
Kathryn F. Board
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lsu Rrna Gene ◽  
Lsu Rrna

ABSTRACT The nucleotide sequences of a segment of the Pneumocystis mitochondrial large-subunit (mt LSU) rRNA gene from rhesus macaques coinfected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and Pneumocystis carinii were examined. Of 12 isolates examined, 3 were found to be identical and the others showed substantial sequence variation, with up to 13% divergence among variants. We identified two general sequence types that differed at several sites, including a conserved 26-nucleotide insertion. Four monkeys had evidence of two Pneumocystis variants present simultaneously, indicative of a mixed infection. There was a high degree of variance between the rhesus macaque-derived Pneumocystis mt LSU rRNA gene sequence and the cognate sequences in Pneumocystis organisms derived from other hosts. Analysis of the mt LSU rRNA genes of Pneumocystis organisms derived from rhesus macaques and several other mammalian hosts supports the observation that rhesus macaque-derived Pneumocystis is most closely related to human-derived Pneumocystis. In addition, the data identify the mt LSU rRNA gene as an informative locus for transmission and epidemiological studies of the SIV-rhesus macaque model of Pneumocystis infection.

scholarly journals Human immunodeficiency virus infection with multiple opportunistic infections: lessons learnt from a non-adherent patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Soneja ◽  
Anivita Aggarwal ◽  
Parul Kodan ◽  
Nitin Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Adherent Patient ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Adherence Counselling

Abstract We report a case of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with multiple opportunistic infections (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cryptosporidiosis, oesophagal candidiasis and cytomegalovirus infection). The patient was presumed to be adherent on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and was initiated on respective treatments for the opportunistic infections but continued to deteriorate. On further reviewing, he was found to be poorly adherent to ART and was advised enhanced adherence counselling after which his condition improved. We report this case to emphasize the importance of adherence to ART medications in the management of patients with HIV.

scholarly journals Protein S deficiency in men with long-term human immunodeficiency virus infection [see comments]

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1801-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Stahl ◽  
CS Wideman ◽  
TJ Spira ◽  
EC Haff ◽  
GJ Hixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibody ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Protein S Deficiency ◽  
Free Protein ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Decreases in protein S levels have recently been reported in some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. To examine predisposing factors, 25 men randomly selected from a long-term study of HIV- infected patients were studied. The minimum mean duration of HIV seropositivity in this group was 106.6 months (range 15 to 143 months). No patients were anticoagulated at the time of the study. Three of the 25 randomly selected patients gave a history of thrombosis, in each instance occurring after the onset of HIV positivity. Two of the 3 patients with thrombosis had more than one episode. Coagulation studies showed that 3 of 3 (100%) of the patients with thrombosis and 16 of 22 (72.7%) of those without previous thrombosis had decreased free protein S. Mean-free and total protein S levels were statistically lower for HIV-infected patients with and without previous thrombosis compared with healthy male controls. C4b-binding protein was not increased in study patients with decreased protein S levels. Decreases in protein S levels did not correlate with CD4+ cell levels, CDC class, p24 antigen positivity, zidovudine (AZT) use, or Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis. The duration of disease statistically correlated with decreases in protein S levels (r = .37, P < .05). A linear correlation existed between increasing IgG anticardiolipin antibody levels and decreasing free protein S antigen (r = .67, P < .005). This study shows that protein S deficiency is common in long-term HIV-infected patients and is caused by a decrease in the free protein, rather than by changes in the bound complex. The data suggest that protein S deficiency is not correlated with HIV disease severity but may predispose patients to thromboembolic complications.

scholarly journals Sympodiomyces attinorum sp. nov., a yeast species associated with nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1891-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange C. Carreiro ◽  
Fernando C. Pagnocca ◽  
Maurício Bacci ◽  
Marc-André Lachance ◽  
Odair C. Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Large Subunit Rrna ◽  
Waste Deposit

Four strains of a novel yeast species were isolated from laboratory nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens in Brazil. Three strains were found in older sponges and one was in a waste deposit in the ant nests. Sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the large-subunit rRNA gene showed that the novel species, named Sympodiomyces attinorum sp. nov., is phylogenetically related to Sympodiomyces parvus. Unlike Sympodiomyces parvus, Sympodiomyces attinorum can ferment glucose, assimilate methyl α-d-glucoside, salicin and citrate, and grow at 37 °C, thus enabling these two species to be distinguished. Differentiation from other related species is possible on the basis of other growth characteristics. The type strain of Sympodiomyces attinorum is UNESP-S156T (=CBS 9734T=NRRL Y-27639T).

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