Bilateral renal infarction with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report

ABSTRACT Acute renal infarction is a rare and often underdiagnosed condition with estimated incidence of 0.5–1.5%. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been shown to cause a hypercoagulable state in patients leading to arterial and venous thromboembolism. Renal infarction as a consequence of COVID-associated coagulopathy has been reported, sometimes resulting in acute kidney injury. Most of the patients so far reported had other existing comorbidities and risk factors that compounded the risk of precipitating an infarction. Here, we present a 37-year-old, the youngest patient reported so far, with no pre-existing comorbidities or risk factors, who developed bilateral renal infarction with COVID-19 pneumonia. The patient was treated with anticoagulation for renal infarction and discharged on apixaban. Anticoagulation is an important part of current treatment strategies for COVID-19 pneumonia and should extend beyond the acute phase of the disease to prevent long-term sequelae, especially in young patients.

Spondylodiscitis due to Salmonella Typhi: a series of four cases

ABSTRACT Salmonella Typhi is very rarely associated with focal bone and joint complications. Classically, they are described in patients with risk factors such as haemoglobinopathies. We report four cases of spondylodiscitis, where the aetiology was found to be Salmonella Typhi. All four cases were treated successfully with variable duration of ceftriaxone followed by cotrimoxazole. We report these cases to highlight the importance of obtaining a microbiological diagnosis and the possibility of a rare infection in endemic settings.

A cook with ‘burning in the thigh’ and a ‘hotspot’ in the groin!

ABSTRACT Meralgia paresthetica (MP) is a condition characterised by abnormal sensations on the anterolateral aspect of the thigh due to the dysfunction of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Here, I present a case of a 64-year-old female cook who attended the General Medicine clinic with 2 months of persistent numbness and ‘burning’ sensation over the right anterolateral thigh. Subsequent physical examination revealed the diagnosis of meralgia paresthetica. The significance of good history taking and thorough physical examination in reaching the diagnosis of meralgia paresthetica cannot be overemphasized. In most typical presentations, advanced imaging and neurodiagnostic testing do not add value to confirm the diagnosis. If the clinical diagnosis is doubtful, nerve conduction study and magnetic resonance imaging may still be performed to exclude other mimicking pathologies. Increasing awareness of MP among doctors unfamiliar with this condition will prevent the ordering of excessive investigations.

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis in pancreatic cancer and other high-risk malignancies: the case for prophylactic treatment

ABSTRACT Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) typically affects patients with underlying adenocarcinoma, often of pancreatic origin. If untreated, it can lead to serious morbidity and mortality, including recurrent ischaemic stroke. NBTE is frequently missed or confused with infective endocarditis, leading to inappropriate management. We present the case of a 54-year-old male with newly diagnosed pancreatic malignancy (CA19–9 >120 000) who suffered recurrent deep-vein-thromboses and multiple ischaemic strokes despite full anticoagulation therapy. Transoesophageal echocardiography was correctly performed, but only after a second stroke was NBTE considered. We recommend early clinical suspicion and investigation for NBTE in patients with known or suspected malignancy presenting with neurological symptoms consistent with stroke. Initial calculations indicate this could also be cost-effective. Further, the patient’s significantly elevated tumour-markers and NBTE-severity raise the possibility of a link; if further research established a reliable relationship, routine surveillance of high-risk malignancies could identify patients who might benefit from earlier echocardiography and anticoagulation management.

Acacia pycnantha and gum arabic an alternative to antacids and proton pump inhibitors in the management of gastroesophageal and laryngopharyngeal reflux

ABSTRACT A case report is presented where a patient with long-term gastroesophageal reflux and recently diagnosed laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) underwent an 8-week treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). On discontinuation of the PPIs, symptoms of LPR remained and the patient’s reflux symptoms returned with increased severity. Consumption of acacia gum exudates from Acacia pycnantha resolved the LPR. Acacia pycnantha or gum arabic were both found to reduced reflux symptoms to a manageable level. An evaluation of the therapeutic effect of acacia gums using questionnaires to evaluate reflux symptoms, quality of life and global refluxogenic scores was undertaken. It was found acacia gums can be taken after the evening meal in the same way as antacids to manage reflux symptoms but with more sustained overnight relief.

Polymyxin B and low-dose hydrocortisone treatment in a patient with uroseptic shock in a rural health unit

ABSTRACT Sepsis has a high mortality rate; thus, in the intensive care unit, early diagnosis and adjunctive treatments are crucial. However, generally, most patients with sepsis from rural area initially visit the emergency department at a rural hospital and are managed in general medical wards in Japan. Here we report on an 81-year-old Japanese female manifesting septic shock caused by the upper urinary tract infection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli secondary to the left ureter obstruction by the urothelial carcinoma. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered. Although critical for the source control of infection, drainage of the ureteropelvic junction could not be performed immediately because of catecholamine-resistant hypotension. Hence, we administered polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column direct hemoperfusion, followed by low-dose hydrocortisone administration. After 8 hours of infusion, she recovered from the septic shock and successfully underwent emergency percutaneous nephrostomy. This presented strategy may provide a new resolution of catecholamine-resistant patients in urosepsis.

Dyskeratosis congenita: rare case report of Syria

ABSTRACT Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an inherited disease characterized by the triad of abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and mucosal leukoplakia. Non-cutaneous abnormalities (dental, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, neurological, ophthalmic, pulmonary and skeletal) have also been reported. Bone marrow failure (BMF) is the main cause of early mortality, with an additional predisposition to malignancy. DC results from an anomalous progressive shortening of telomeres resulting in DNA replication problems inducing replicative senescence. Men are more affected than women are and X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms of the disease are recognized. There are no targeted therapies for DC. Patients treated with androgens had a hematological response. We herein describe case of a 32-year-old man, presented with several characteristic systemic features of this condition, including the classic triad of lesions, dysplastic bone marrow, epiphora and liver cirrhosis with grade I esophageal varices. Therefore, a prophylactic propranolol was started in additional to danazol. Three-week later, the patient had subsequent increases in his platelet, red cell and white cell counts.