Effectiveness of warm herbal compress on oxytocin hormone and breast milk production

Background: Breast milk is the best food for babies, needed for optimal growth and development. The lack of milk production influences the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding. Increasing breast milk production could be done non-pharmacologically, using warm herbal compresses as breast care.Purpose: Analyze the effect of warm herbal compresses as breast care on oxytocin hormone and postpartum mother's milk production. Methods: Quasi-experimental design pretest-posttest with the control group, respondents were 36 normal mothers on the third day of postpartum; 18 respondents intervention group, and 18 respondents control group. Warm herbal compresses were provided once per day with 20 minutes on each breast for three days. The oxytocin hormone was measured pre and post three days of treatment, the volume of breast milk was measured pre, post 2, and 3 days of treatment.Results: The intervention group's average difference in oxytocin hormone was 24.65 pg/ml, the control group was 2.48 pg/ml (p<0.01). The average increase in milk production pre and post-three days of treatment in the intervention group was 32,250 ml. In the control group, 26,472 ml (p<0.01), there was a significant difference in the average milk production between the two groups.Conclusion: Warm herbal compresses as breast care affects the oxytocin hormone and postpartum mother's milk production.

Mother’s Milk Microbiome Shaping Fecal and Skin Microbiota in Infants with Food Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Analysis

The child microbiome, including gut and skin communities, is shaped by a multitude of factors, and breastfeeding is one of the most essential. Food allergy (FA) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are among the most common diseases in pediatrics, with the prevalence of each up to 6% and 20%, respectively. Therefore, we aimed at finding differences between the fecal and skin microbiomes of FA and AD patients in the context of breastfeeding, by means of the Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragment libraries amplified from the total DNA isolated from samples collected from allergic and healthy infants. We also analyzed milk samples from the mothers of the examined children and searched for patterns of incidence suggesting milk influence on an infant’s allergy status. Here we show that a mother’s milk influences her child’s fecal and skin microbiomes and identify Acinetobacter as the taxon whose abundance is correlated with milk and child-derived samples. We demonstrate that breastfeeding makes allergic children's fecal and skin communities more similar to those of healthy infants than in the case of formula-feeding. We also identify signature taxa that might be important in maintaining health or allergy development.

Egyptian Mother’s Breast Milk: Protein and Lipid Content in Correlation with Growth of Their Newborns

Background Infant growth is a big concern among the community, mothers and the pediatricians, this study focused on what can affect newborns growth in Egyptian community. Objective Primary objective to detect the relationships between protein and lipid content of the breast milk of Egyptian women with their infant’s growth. Secondary objective is to correlate protein and lipid content in the mother’s milk and their diet. Patients and Methods This is a cohort study done on 30 infant in Ain Shams University for a period of six months.history was taken by questionnaire about infant’s Gestational age. parity. Dietetic history of infant (breast fed, frequency of feeds),Mother’s age, education, address, body weight, height, BMI and maternal illness. Mother’s dietetic history by 24 hour recall.breast milk samples was collected by hand expression between 4 and 8 weeks of lactation, kept frozen at20 °C. Triglyceride (fat) concentrations were measured in homogenized HM samples using H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. For protein, total nitrogen was measured by the Dumas method. Results The growth rate range of infants under study was (18gm/day _ 28gm/day). Protein content of mother’s milk lowest value was 0.7gm, and highest value was 1.9gm. Lipid content of mother’s milk lowest value was 3.1gm, and highest value was 5.6gm. Lactose content of mother’s milk lowest value was 5.9gm, and highest value was 7.4gm.Caloric content of maternal diet lowest value was 1013kcal/day and highest value was 2818kcal/day. the protein of breast milk has a direct positive effect on Infant’s growthrate(r = 0.735,p=0.000)weight(r = 0.689,p=0.000)and z score(r = 0.573, p = 0.001).lipid content of breast milk has a positive effect on Infant’s growthrate(r = 0.677,p=0.000)weight(r = 0.742,p=0.000)and zscore(r = 0.592,p=0.001). Protein of maternal diet has an impact on the protein content of her breast milk(r = 0.719,p=0.000)and lipid content of breast milk(r = 0.712, p = 0.000).lipid of maternal diet has no effect on lipid content of breast milk(r = 0.127,p=0.52)and protein of breast milk (r = 0.118,p=0.536).caloric intake of mothers has positive effect on protein of breast milk(r = 0.599,p=0.000),and lipid of breast milk(r = 0.496,p=0.005). Conclusion Protein content of breast milk of mothers positively affects growth rate weight and height of their infants. (P value 0.000, 0.001,0.005 respectively). As protein content of breast milk exceeds 1.1gm/dl infant kept same or higher weight/height centile and z score. As lipid content of breast milk exceeds 4mg/dl infant kept same or higher weight/height centile and z score. Protein content of breast milk is positively affected by protein in maternal diet(r = 0.747,P 0.000) and her total caloric intake(r = 0.519,p 0.005).lipid content of breast milk is positively affected by protein content of maternal diet (r = 0.719,P 0.000)and her total caloric intake(r = 0.496,p 0.005).

Risk of Micronutrient Inadequacy among Hispanic, Lactating Mothers: Preliminary Evidence from the Southern California Mother’s Milk Study

Micronutrients are dietary components important for health and physiological function, and inadequate intake of these nutrients can contribute to poor health outcomes. The risk of inadequate micronutrient intake has been shown to be greater among low-income Hispanics and postpartum and lactating women. Therefore, we aimed to determine the risk of nutrient inadequacies based on preliminary evidence among postpartum, Hispanic women. Risk of micronutrient inadequacy for Hispanic women (29–45 years of age) from the Southern California Mother’s Milk Study (n = 188) was assessed using 24 h dietary recalls at 1 and 6 months postpartum and the estimated average requirement (EAR) fixed cut-point approach. Women were considered at risk of inadequate intake for a nutrient if more than 50% of women were consuming below the EAR. The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) value was also used to assess sodium intake. These women were at risk of inadequate intake for folate and vitamins A, D, and E, with 87.0%, 93.4%, 43.8%, and 95% of women consuming less than the EAR for these nutrients, respectively. Lastly, 71.7% of women consumed excess sodium. Results from this preliminary analysis indicate that Hispanic women are at risk of inadequate intake of important micronutrients for maternal and child health.

Effects of kefir consumption on carbohydrate profile of mother’s milk

Background: Human milk contains the nutrients necessary for the growth and development of babies as it contains essential bioactive components to support the immune system. Galactooligosaccharides which are important indigestible prebiotics, help multiply the growth of beneficial microorganisms selectively and inhibit the growth of the pathogenic organism. The nutrition of the mother is essential since it affects the composition of mother’s milk. Kefir affects the digestive system, lactose intolerance immune system, anti-microbial effects, probiotic and prebiotic features. However, there is no report on how kefir consumption may have effects on composition of mother’s milk. In this aspect, this study aimed to determine the effects of kefir consumption on the carbohydrate profiles of the mother’s milk. Methods: This study started immediately after birth, mothers were fed with 500 ml/day of kefir made from kefir grains for 30 days in the KF group. Mothers who are in the control group (KI) continued their regular diet. Mother’s milk was collected on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day and stored at 4ºC. Carbohydrate profile including GOS was determined using the liquid chromatographic method with the HI-PLEX column.Results: The mean lactose concentrations of mother’s milk who consumed kefir were 4,68; 4,72; 5,89 g/100ml on days 10th, 20th, and 30th, respectively. Glucose concentrations were 0,29; 0,08; 0,21 g/100ml on 10th, 20th, 30th days, respectively. For the mother’s milk samples in the control group, the averages of lactose concentration were 5,42; 5,73; 5,51 g/100ml on days 10th, 20th, and 30th. GOS peaks were specified depending on the rich content of prebiotics. Conclusion: Consumption of authentic kefir may have effect on carbohydrate profile, including GOS of mother’s milk. Keywords: Human milk, kefir, prebiotic, galactooligosaccharides

Efektifitas Pijat Oksitosin Dan Pijat Payudara Terhadap Produksi ASI Pada Ibu Postpartum

Breast milk is indeed important for newborns, but the problem faced by breastfeeding mothers is the lack of milk production. Every woman's body is different in producing milk, some produce a lot of milk, and some also produce little milk on the first day or even a few weeks later. Decreased milk production during early breastfeeding is a problem for mothers to breastfeed their babies from anearly age. Non-pharmacological alternative treatments to increase milk production are oxytocin massage and breast massage intervention. This study analyzed the effectiveness of postpartum mother's milk production in the group given the intervention of Oxytocin Massage and Breast Massage with the control group. This study was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design that used the Consecutive Sampling technique, the number of respondents in this study amounted to 20 people, the analysis technique used the Wilcoxon sign test with SPSS. The results showed that there was an effect of oxytocin massage on postpartum milk production =0.000, and there was an effect of breast massage on postpartum milk production = 0.000. There was no difference in the effect of oxytocin massage and breast massage on the production of postpartum mother's milk = 0.893. The conclusions of this study are: (1) oxytocin massage can increase the production of postpartum mothers; (2) breast massage increases postpartum maternal production; (3) There is no difference in the effect of oxytocin massage and breast massage in increasing postpartum maternal output in Al-Hikmah RB, Mojokerto Regency.Keywords: Breast milk production; Oxytocin massage; Breast massage. AbstrakASI memang penting untuk bayi baru lahir, namun masalah yang dihadapi ibu menyusui adalah kurangnya produksi ASI. Setiap tubuh wanita berbeda dalam memproduksi ASI, ada yang banyak menghasilkan susu, dan ada juga yang produksi ASInya sedikit pada hari pertama bahkan beberapa minggu kemudian. Penurunan produksi ASI saat pemberian ASI dini merupakan masalah bagi ibu untuk menyusui bayinya sejak dini. Pengobatan alternatif non farmakologis untuk meningkatkan produksi ASI adalah dengan pijat oksitosin dan intervensi pijat payudara. Penelitian ini menganalisis efektifitas produksi ASI ibu postpartum pada kelompok yang diberikan intervensi Oxytocin Massage dan Breast Massage dengan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain pretest-posttest control group design. Dengan menggunakan teknik Consecutive Sampling, responden penelitian ini berjumlah 20 orang, teknik analisis menggunakan uji tanda Wilcoxon dengan spss. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh pijat oksitosin terhadap produksi ASI postpartum ρ = 0,000, dan ada pengaruh pijatpayudara terhadap produksi ASI postpartum ρ = 0,000. Tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh antara pijat oksitosin dan pijat payudara terhadap produksi ASI ibu nifas ρ = 0.893. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) pijat oksitosin dapat meningkatkan produksi ibu nifas; (2) pijat payudara meningkatkan produksi ibu nifas; (3) Tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh antara pijat oksitosin danpijat payudara dalam meningkatkan output ibu nifas di RB Al-Hikmah Kabupaten Mojokerto. Kata kunci: Produksi ASI, Pijat Oksitosin; Pijat Payudara.

SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Detected in Mother’s Milk Post-Vaccination

Background The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has infected over 127 million people worldwide, with almost 2.8 million deaths at the time of writing. Since no lactating individuals were included in initial trials of vaccine safety and efficacy, research on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in lactating women and the potential transmission of passive immunity to the infant through mother’s milk is needed to guide patients, clinicians, and policy makers on whether to recommend immunization during the worldwide effort to curb the spread of this virus. Research Aims (1) To determine whether SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobins are found in human milk after vaccination, and (2) to characterize the time course and types of immunoglobulins present. Methods A longitudinal cohort study of lactating women ( N = 7) who planned to receive both doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna SARS-CoV-2 vaccine between December 2020 and January 2021 provided milk samples. These were collected pre-vaccination and at 11 additional timepoints, with the last sample at 14 days after the second dose of vaccine. Samples were analyzed for levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulins A and G (IgA and IgG). Results We observed significantly elevated levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgA antibodies in human milk beginning approximately 7 days after the initial vaccine dose, with an IgG-dominant response. Conclusions Maternal vaccination results in SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulins in human milk that may be protective for infants.

The Impact of Breast Pump Usage of Breastfeeding Mother: Scoping Review

Background: WHO recommended that mother breastfeeds exclusively for the fisrt six months. However, a lot of mothers do not realize it. Generally, the anxiety on milk production, the family and occupation commitment, waking up at night and perceiving uncomfortable breastfeeding in public place become the objectives of this study that is for reviewing evidence related the impact of breast pum usage on breastfeeding mother. Method: According to ArskeyO’Malley include (1)Identifying scoping review questions are conducting review focus with PICO framework (2)Identifying relevant article (3)Selecting article (4)Data Charting and (5)Arranging, summing up and reporting findings. Results: The theme of scoping review is the impact of breastfeeding success, the negative outcome of breast pump, and the factors which influence decision for mother’s milk pumping as well supporting for breast pump. Conclusion: the impact of breast pump usage affects breastfeeding duration and mother’s milk production as well as painful breast.

Modern Taboos and Moral Regulations: Mother’s Milk in the Symbolic Order

This article offers a sociological analysis of taboos surrounding breast milk and breastfeeding and how these are expressed within a breastfeeding friendly society such as Norway. Two taboos are identified: (1) Giving up breastfeeding ‘too early’ and (2) not giving up breastfeeding ‘in time’. These taboos are explored through the lenses of Mary Douglas and her conceptualization of purity and danger. Attention is particularly drawn to the ways in which the very same substance, a bodily fluid, and a practice changes symbolic character – from pure to impure – when the child reaches a certain age. Both the substance and the practice become ‘matter out of place’ depending on context. The analysis is based on data stemming from ethnographic interviews with mothers; newspaper and magazine articles and photos; internet accounts and blog comments.