Rapid Film-Based Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibilities ofMycobacterium tuberculosis Strains by Using a Luciferase  Reporter Phage and the Bronx Box

Detecting antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is becoming increasingly important with the global recognition of drug-resistant strains and their adverse impact on clinical outcomes. Current methods of susceptibility testing are either time-consuming or costly; rapid, reliable, simple, and inexpensive methods would be highly desirable, especially in the developing world where most tuberculosis is found. The luciferase reporter phage is a unique reagent well-suited for this purpose: upon infection with viable mycobacteria, it produces quantifiable light which is not observed in mycobacterial cells treated with active antimicrobials. In this report, we describe a modification of our original assay, which allows detection of the emitted light with a Polaroid film box designated the Bronx Box. The technique has been applied to 25 M. tuberculosis reference and clinical strains, and criteria are presented which allow rapid and simple discrimination among strains susceptible or resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, the major antituberculosis agents.

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Evidence of Another Anthropic Impact on Iguana delicatissima from the Lesser Antilles: The Presence of Antibiotic Resistant Enterobacteria

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10080885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 885

Author(s):

Gustavo Di Lallo ◽

Marco Maria D’Andrea ◽

Samanta Sennati ◽

Maria Cristina Thaller ◽

Luciana Migliore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Animal Species ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

Improper Use ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

The improper use of antibiotics by humans may promote the dissemination of resistance in wildlife. The persistence and spread of acquired antibiotic resistance and human-associated bacteria in the environment, while representing a threat to wildlife, can also be exploited as a tool to monitor the extent of human impact, particularly on endangered animal species. Hence, we investigated both the associated enterobacterial species and the presence of acquired resistance traits in the cloacal microbiota of the critically endangered lesser Antillean iguana (Iguana delicatissima), by comparing two separate populations living in similar climatic conditions but exposed to different anthropic pressures. A combination of techniques, including direct plating, DNA sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing allowed us to characterize the dominant enterobacterial populations, the antibiotic resistant strains and their profiles. A higher frequency of Escherichia coli was found in the samples from the more anthropized site, where multi-drug resistant strains were also isolated. These results confirm how human-associated bacteria as well as their antibiotic-resistance determinants may be transferred to wildlife, which, in turn, may act as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance.

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Some studies on the epidemiology of sonne dysentery. Changes in colicine type and antibiotic resistance between 1956 and 1965

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400040572 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 287-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

W. N. Farrant ◽

A. J. H. Tomlinson

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

General Tendency ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Epidemic Strain ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

The colicine type and antibiotic resistance have been determined on strains of Sh. sonnei derived from 9419 incidents of Sonne dysentery in London between October 1956 and March 1965.The most striking observation has been the appearance of strains with patterns of colicine production and antibiotic resistance new to the area. These changes are best regarded as a result of the interaction and transfer of characters between Sh. sonnei and other intestinal organisms.The general tendency has been for strains of Sh. sonnei to become increasingly resistant to antibiotics but this has not been an uninterrupted process. The proportion of drug-resistant strains at any one time depended on the properties of the current epidemic strain.Spread of Sonne dysentery was essentially local, but some strains of Sh. sonnei were found to spread much more widely than others. Most, but not all, of the strains resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline possessed only limited powers of spreading.

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Antibiotic Resistance, RAPD- PCR Typing of Multiple Drug Resistant Strains of Escherichia Coli From Urinary Tract Infection ( UTI )

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2016/16470.7389 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xavier Alexander Marialouis

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Multiple Drug Resistant ◽

Rapd Pcr ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

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Insights into drug resistance mechanisms in Clostridium difficile

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/ebc20160062 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 81-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Phurt Harnvoravongchai ◽

Methinee Pipatthana ◽

Surang Chankhamhaengdecha ◽

Tavan Janvilisri

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Efflux Pump ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection has been elevated and becoming common in hospitals worldwide. Although antibiotics usually serve as the primary treatment for bacterial infection including C. difficile infection, limitations and failures have been evident due to drug resistance. Antibiotic resistance in C. difficile has been recognized as one of the most important factors to promote the infection and increase the level of severity and the recurrence rate. Several outbreaks in many countries have been linked to the emergence of hypervirulent drug-resistant strains. This pathogen harbours various mechanisms against the actions of antibiotics. The present study highlights three main drug-resistant strategies in C. difficile including drug inactivation, target modification and efflux pump. Other mechanisms that potentially contribute to drug-resistant traits in this organism are also discussed.

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Drug susceptibility testing and mortality in patients treated for tuberculosis in high-burden countries

10.1101/370056 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kathrin Zürcher ◽

Marie Ballif ◽

Lukas Fenner ◽

Sonia Borrell ◽

Peter M. Keller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

ABSTRACTBackgroundDrug resistance and HIV co-infection are challenges for the global control of tuberculosis.MethodsWe collected Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from adult patients in Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Peru, and Thailand, stratified by HIV status and tuberculosis drug resistance. Molecular or phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) was done locally and at the Swiss tuberculosis reference laboratory. We examined mortality during treatment according to DST results and treatment adequacy in logistic regression models adjusting for sex, age, sputum microscopy and HIV status.Findings634 tuberculosis patients were included; median age was 33.2 years, 239 (37.7%) were female, 272 (42.9%) HIV-positive and 69 (10.9%) patients died. Based on the reference laboratory DST, 394 (62.2%) strains were pan-susceptible, 45 (7.1%) mono-resistant, 163 (25.7%) multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB), and 30 (4.7%) had pre-extensive or extensive drug resistance (pre-XDR/XDR-TB). Results of reference and local laboratories were discordant in 121 (19.1%) cases, corresponding to a sensitivity of 84.3% and a specificity of 90.8%. In patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis, discordant results were associated with increased mortality (risk ratio 1.81; 95% CI 1.07-3.07). In logistic regression, compared to adequately treated patients with pan-susceptible strains, the adjusted odds ratio for death was 4.23 (95% CI 2.16-8.29) for adequately treated patients with drug-resistant strains and 21.54 (95% CI 3.36-138.1) for inadequately treated patients with drug-resistant strains. HIV status was not associated with mortality.InterpretationUsing a reference laboratory standard, inaccurate DST leading to inappropriate treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, but not HIV infection, contributed to mortality.

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