Rapid diagnosis of influenza A infection by direct immunofluorescence of nasopharyngeal aspirates in adults

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-692
Author(s):  
J A Daisy ◽  
F S Lief ◽  
H M Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
The One ◽  
Immunofluorescent Test ◽  
Culture Negative

The efficacy for direct immunofluorescence of a commercial conjugate for influenza A virus prepared against whole A/Udorn (H3NS) virus was studied. The conjugate was specific for influenza A virus, but its sensitivity varied depending upon the strain of influenza A tested. Nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from 25 patients during an outbreak of influenza were examined for viral antigen with the conjugates and inoculated onto monkey kidney (MK) cells for virus isolation. Fifteen patients had isolates for influenza A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1); nasopharyngeal secretions were fluorescent antibody positive in 12. Fluorescent antibody was copositive with culture in 11/15 patients (73.3%) and conegative in 9/10 (90%). The one fluorescent antibody-positive, culture-negative patient had negative serology for influenza A and the fluorescent antibody result was considered to be a false positive. At a 1:10 dilution, the conjugate stained nasopharyngeal and MK cells infected with A/USSR (H1N1) 2 to 3+, whereas cells infected with H3N2 virus stained 4+. A conjugate made specifically against the ribonucleoprotein antigen, which is universal to all influenza A strains, may improve the sensitivity of the direct immunofluorescent test.

scholarly journals Pre-exposure with influenza A virus A/WSN/1933(H1N1) resulted in viral shedding reduction from pigs challenged with either swine H1N1 or H3N2 virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Jieshi Yu ◽  
Milton Thomas ◽  
Chithra C. Sreenivasan ◽  
Ben M. Hause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Viral Shedding

Rapid subtyping of influenza A virus isolates by membrane fluorescence

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
M Fishaut ◽  
K McIntosh ◽  
G Meiklejohn
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
Virus Isolates

During the winter of 1977-1978 three influenza A virus serotypes (A/Vic/3/75, A/Texas/1/77 [both H3N2], and A/USSR/90/77 [H1N1]) circulated in Denver, offering us the opportunity to apply fluorescent antibody techniques to the specific identification of these viruses. Surface antigens of infected, unfixed primary monkey kidney cells were stained in suspension by an indirect immunofluorescence technique with anti-H3N2 and anti-H1N1 antisera. In tests of cells infected with known viruses, the members of the H3N2 family could not be distinguished from one another, but were easily distinguished from H1N1 strains. A total of 101 hemadsorption-positive clinical specimens were evaluated over a 6-month period. Forty-five of 48 influenza A H3N2 and 24 of 29 H1N1 specimens confirmed by hemagglutination inhibition were correctly identified by membrane fluorescence of cultured cells, with no misidentifications among influenza strains and with 1 false positive among 24 non-influenza isolates. The average time to identification by this technique was 4 days compared to 7 days by hemagglutination inhibition. Live cell membrane fluorescence is a simple, rapid, and accurate method for identifying and grouping influenza A viruses.

scholarly journals An in vitro network of intermolecular interactions between viral RNA segments of an avian H5N2 influenza A virus: comparison with a human H3N2 virus

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 1241-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrille Gavazzi ◽  
Catherine Isel ◽  
Emilie Fournier ◽  
Vincent Moules ◽  
Annie Cavalier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Intermolecular Interactions ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
H3n2 Virus

scholarly journals Heterosubtypic Immunity to Influenza A Virus Infection Requires a Properly Diversified Antibody Repertoire

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 9331-9338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan H. Nguyen ◽  
Michael Zemlin ◽  
Ivaylo I. Ivanov ◽  
Judit Andrasi ◽  
Cosima Zemlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Antibody Repertoire ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Heterosubtypic Immunity ◽  
D Region ◽  
The One ◽  
Homologous Challenge

ABSTRACT Heterosubtypic immunity (HSI) is defined as cross-protection to infection with an influenza A virus serotype other than the one used for primary infection. Although HSI has been thought to be mediated by serotype cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that recognize conserved epitopes of structural proteins, recent studies suggest that antibodies (Abs) may make a significant contribution. In this study, we provide further evidence for the role of Abs in HSI using transgenic mice lacking terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase (TdT), which adds N nucleotides to V-D and D-J junctions of the complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) (TdT−/−) and mice with altered Ab repertoires due to replacement of the complete locus of heavy chain diversity segments (DH) with an altered DH segment (namely, ΔD-iD). Both types of mice failed to generate complete HSI, although they were able to mount protective immunity to a homologous challenge. Lower levels of virus-specific antibodies along with more severely impaired HSI were observed in TdT−/− mice compared to those in ΔD-iD mice, while CTL activity remained unchanged in both types of mice. These findings indicate that a properly diversified antibody repertoire is required for HSI and that N addition by TdT is a more effective mechanism in the induction of a properly diversified antibody repertoire and, therefore, complete HSI. The results suggest that the diversity of the antibody repertoire as determined by the composition of the D region of HCDR3 and by N addition are among the mechanisms selected for in evolution to create a favorable environment to resolve infections with mutated viruses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of R-Mix FreshCells in Shell Vials for Detection of Respiratory Viruses

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 4660-4662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline K. Y. Fong ◽  
Mi Kyung Lee ◽  
Brigitte P. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
A549 Cell ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
High Degree

The performance of a mixture of mink lung and A549 cell lines in shell vials (MSVs) for the detection of respiratory viruses in 159 specimens was evaluated. MSVs, conventional culture, and direct immunofluorescence assay identified 96, 85, and 67% of the influenza A virus-positive specimens, respectively. MSVs provided both a high degree of sensitivity and rapid turnaround times for the detection of influenza A virus.

scholarly journals Influenza A Virus Infection in Cats and Dogs: A Literature Review in the Light of the “One Health” Concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Borland ◽  
Patrice Gracieux ◽  
Matthew Jones ◽  
François Mallet ◽  
Javier Yugueros-Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
One Health ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection ◽  
The One
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