Species-Specific Inhibition of Foamy Viruses from South American Monkeys by New World Monkey TRIM5α Proteins

ABSTRACT Foamy virus evolution closely parallels that of the host species, indicating virus-host coadaptation. We studied simian foamy viruses (SFVs) from common marmosets, spider monkeys, and squirrel monkeys, New World monkey (NWM) species that share geographic ranges. The TRIM5α protein from each of these NWM species inhibited the replication of at least one of the SFVs associated with the other two species but did not affect the replication of its own SFV. Thus, TRIM5α has potentially shaped the evolution of SFVs in NWM hosts. Conversely, SFVs may have influenced the evolution of TRIM5 variants in New World primates.

Download Full-text

High susceptibility, viral dynamics and persistence of South American Zika virus in New World monkey species

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-50918-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Neil Berry ◽

Deborah Ferguson ◽

Claire Ham ◽

Jo Hall ◽

Adrian Jenkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zika Virus ◽

New World ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

World Monkey ◽

South American ◽

High Susceptibility ◽

New World Primates ◽

Common Marmosets ◽

World Species ◽

Old World

Abstract South American Zika virus (ZIKV) recently emerged as a novel human pathogen, linked with neurological disorders. However, comparative ZIKV infectivity studies in New World primates are lacking. Two members of the Callitrichidae family, common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and red-bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus), were highly susceptible to sub-cutaneous challenge with the Puerto Rico-origin ZIKVPRVABC59 strain. Both exhibited rapid, high, acute viraemia with early neuroinvasion (3 days) in peripheral and central nervous tissue. ZIKV RNA levels in blood and tissues were significantly higher in New World hosts compared to Old World species (Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis). Tamarins and rhesus macaques exhibited loss of zonal occludens-1 (ZO-1) staining, indicative of a compromised blood-brain barrier 3 days post-ZIKV exposure. Early, widespread dissemination across multiple anatomical sites distant to the inoculation site preceded extensive ZIKV persistence after 100 days in New and Old World lineages, especially lymphoid, neurological and reproductive sites. Prolonged persistence in brain tissue has implications for otherwise resolved human ZIKV infection. High susceptibility of distinct New World species underscores possible establishment of ZIKV sylvatic cycles in primates indigenous to ZIKV endemic regions. Tamarins and marmosets represent viable New World models for ZIKV pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention studies, including vaccines, with contemporary strains.

Download Full-text

Blockade of HIV-1 Infection of New World Monkey Cells Occurs Primarily at the Stage of Virus Entry

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.20020468 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 196 (4) ◽

pp. 431-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jason A. LaBonte ◽

Gregory J. Babcock ◽

Trushar Patel ◽

Joseph Sodroski

Keyword(s):

New World ◽

Virus Entry ◽

World Monkey ◽

Squirrel Monkeys ◽

Viral Envelope ◽

Envelope Glycoproteins ◽

New World Monkeys ◽

Common Marmosets ◽

New World Monkey ◽

Hiv 1

HIV-1 naturally infects chimpanzees and humans, but does not infect Old World monkeys because of replication blocks that occur after virus entry into the cell. To understand the species-specific restrictions operating on HIV-1 infection, the ability of HIV-1 to infect the cells of New World monkeys was examined. Primary cells derived from common marmosets and squirrel monkeys support every phase of HIV-1 replication with the exception of virus entry. Efficient HIV-1 entry typically requires binding of the viral envelope glycoproteins and host cell receptors, CD4 and either CCR5 or CXCR4 chemokine receptors. HIV-1 did not detectably bind or utilize squirrel monkey CD4 for entry, and marmoset CD4 was also very inefficient compared with human CD4. A marmoset CD4 variant, in which residues 48 and 59 were altered to the amino acids found in human CD4, supported HIV-1 entry efficiently. The CXCR4 molecules of both marmosets and squirrel monkeys supported HIV-1 infection, but the CCR5 proteins of both species were only marginally functional. These results demonstrate that the CD4 and CCR5 proteins of New World monkeys represent the major restriction against HIV-1 replication in these primates. Directed adaptation of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins to common marmoset receptors might allow the development of New World monkey models of HIV-1 infection.

Download Full-text

Comparative analysis reveals the species-specific genetic determinants of ACE2 required for SARS-CoV-2 entry

10.1101/2020.09.20.297242 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wenlin Ren ◽

Gaowei Hu ◽

Xiaomin Zhao ◽

Yuyan Wang ◽

Hongyang Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Entry ◽

New World ◽

World Monkey ◽

Single Mutation ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Viral Receptor ◽

New World Monkey ◽

Critical Residues ◽

Species Specific ◽

Key Residues

ABSTRACTCoronavirus interaction with its viral receptor is a primary genetic determinant of host range and tissue tropism. SARS-CoV-2 utilizes ACE2 as the receptor to enter host cell in a species-specific manner. We and others have previously shown that ACE2 orthologs from New World monkey, koala and mouse cannot interact with SARS-CoV-2 to mediate viral entry, and this defect can be restored by humanization of the restrictive residues in New World monkey ACE2. To better understand the genetic determinants behind the ability of ACE2 orthologs to support viral entry, we compared koala and mouse ACE2 sequences with that of human and identified the key residues in koala and mouse ACE2 that restrict viral receptor activity. Humanization of these critical residues rendered both koala and mouse ACE2 capable of binding the spike protein and facilitating viral entry. The single mutation that allowed for mouse ACE2 to serve as a viral receptor provides a potential avenue for the development of SARS-CoV-2 mouse model.

Download Full-text

Comparative analysis reveals the species-specific genetic determinants of ACE2 required for SARS-CoV-2 entry

PLoS Pathogens ◽

10.1371/journal.ppat.1009392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. e1009392

Author(s):

Wenlin Ren ◽

Yunkai Zhu ◽

Yuyan Wang ◽

Hongyang Shi ◽

Yin Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Entry ◽

New World ◽

World Monkey ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Viral Receptor ◽

New World Monkey ◽

Critical Residues ◽

Species Specific ◽

Key Residues ◽

Functional Receptor

Coronavirus interaction with its viral receptor is a primary genetic determinant of host range and tissue tropism. SARS-CoV-2 utilizes ACE2 as the receptor to enter host cell in a species-specific manner. We and others have previously shown that ACE2 orthologs from New World monkey, koala and mouse cannot interact with SARS-CoV-2 to mediate viral entry, and this defect can be restored by humanization of the restrictive residues in New World monkey ACE2. To better understand the genetic determinants behind the ability of ACE2 orthologs to support viral entry, we compared koala and mouse ACE2 sequences with that of human and identified the key residues in koala and mouse ACE2 that restrict viral receptor activity. Humanization of these critical residues rendered both koala and mouse ACE2 capable of binding the spike protein and facilitating viral entry. Our study shed more lights into the genetic determinants of ACE2 as the functional receptor of SARS-CoV-2, which facilitates our understanding of viral entry.

Download Full-text

Analysis of two types of cone bipolar cells in the retina of a New World monkey, the marmoset, Callithrix jacchus

Visual Neuroscience ◽

10.1017/s0952523899164101 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 707-719 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

XUEGANG LUO ◽

KRISHNA K. GHOSH ◽

PAUL R. MARTIN ◽

ULRIKE GRÜNERT

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Cell ◽

New World ◽

Random Distribution ◽

World Monkey ◽

Amacrine Cells ◽

Bipolar Cells ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

New World Primates ◽

New World Monkey ◽

Cone Bipolar Cells

Two types of cone bipolar cells, the blue cone bipolar cell and the diffuse bipolar cell (DB3), were labelled immunohistochemically and investigated in the retina of a New World monkey, the marmoset. Blue cone bipolar cells were labelled with an antiserum against cholecystokinin. Short-wavelength-sensitive (SWS) cones were labelled with an antiserum against the SWS cone opsin. The DB3 cells were labelled with antibodies to calbindin. Blue cone bipolar cells in marmoset do not form a regular mosaic but instead follow the random distribution of the SWS cones. Nevertheless, the SWS cone to blue cone bipolar cell connectivity in marmoset is very similar to that previously described for macaque. In contrast to the blue cone bipolar cells, the DB3 cells form a regular mosaic. The synaptic connectivity of DB3 cells in the inner plexiform layer was analyzed. They make output synapses onto ganglion cells and amacrine cells, and gap junctions with each other. Our results provide further evidence for the existence of parallel bipolar cell pathways in the primate retina and support the view that the retinae of Old World and New World primates have common neuronal connectivity. The random distribution of SWS cones and blue cone bipolar cells is an exception to the general rule of a regular mosaic distribution of cell populations in the retina.

Download Full-text

CENP-B box, a nucleotide motif involved in centromere formation, occurs in a New World monkey

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2015.0817 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 20150817 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Aorarat Suntronpong ◽

Kazuto Kugou ◽

Hiroshi Masumoto ◽

Kornsorn Srikulnath ◽

Kazuhiko Ohshima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repetitive Dna ◽

New World ◽

World Monkey ◽

Common Marmoset ◽

Alpha Satellite ◽

Satellite Repeat ◽

New World Monkey ◽

Alpha Satellite Dna ◽

Negative Results ◽

Contig Sequence

Centromere protein B (CENP-B) is one of the major proteins involved in centromere formation, binding to centromeric repetitive DNA by recognizing a 17 bp motif called the CENP-B box. Hominids (humans and great apes) carry large numbers of CENP-B boxes in alpha satellite DNA (AS, the major centromeric repetitive DNA of simian primates). Only negative results have been reported regarding the presence of the CENP-B box in other primate taxa. Consequently, it is widely believed that the CENP-B box is confined, within primates, to the hominids. We report here that the common marmoset, a New World monkey, contains an abundance of CENP-B boxes in its AS. First, in a long contig sequence we constructed and analysed, we identified the motif in 17 of the 38 alpha satellite repeat units. We then sequenced terminal regions of additional clones and found the motif in many of them. Immunostaining of marmoset cells demonstrated that CENP-B binds to DNA in the centromeric regions of chromosomes. Therefore, functional CENP-B boxes are not confined to hominids. Our results indicate that the efficiency of identification of the CENP-B box may depend largely on the sequencing methods used, and that the CENP-B box in centromeric repetitive DNA may be more common than researchers previously thought.

Download Full-text