scholarly journals Papio cynocephalus Endogenous Retrovirus among Old World Monkeys: Evidence for Coevolution and Ancient Cross-Species Transmissions

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1578-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Mang ◽  
Jolanda Maas ◽  
Antoinette C. van der Kuyl ◽  
Jaap Goudsmit
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Old World ◽  
Colobus Badius ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT To study the evolutionary history of Papio cynocephalus endogenous retrovirus (PcEV), we analyzed the distribution and genetic characteristics of PcEV among 17 different species of primates. The viral pol-env and long terminal repeat and untranslated region (LTR-UTR) sequences could be recovered from all Old World species of the papionin tribe, which includes baboons, macaques, geladas, and mangabeys, but not from the New World monkeys and hominoids we tested. The Old World genera Cercopithecus andMiopithecus hosted either a PcEV variant with an incomplete genome or a virus with substantial mismatches in the LTR-UTR. A complete PcEV was found in the genome of Colobus guereza—but not in Colobus badius—with a copy number of 44 to 61 per diploid genome, comparable to that seen in papionins, and with a sequence most closely related to a virus of the papionin tribe. Analysis of evolutionary distances among PcEV sequences for synonymous and nonsynonymous sites indicated that purifying selection was operational during PcEV evolution. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that possibly two subtypes of PcEV entered the germ line of a common ancestor of the papionins and subsequently coevolved with their hosts. One strain of PcEV was apparently transmitted from a papionin ancestor to an ancestor of the central African lowland C. guereza.

scholarly journals Contemporary Distribution, Estimated Age, and Prehistoric Migrations of Old World Monkey Retroviruses

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-67
Author(s):  
Antoinette C. van der Kuyl
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Foamy Virus ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Endogenous Virus ◽  
Simian Foamy Virus ◽  
Old World ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Type D

Old World monkeys (OWM), simians inhabiting Africa and Asia, are currently affected by at least four infectious retroviruses, namely, simian foamy virus (SFV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV), and simian type D retrovirus (SRV). OWM also show chromosomal evidence of having been infected in the past with four more retroviral species, baboon endogenous virus (BaEV), Papio cynocephalus endogenous virus (PcEV), simian endogenous retrovirus (SERV), and Rhesus endogenous retrovirus-K (RhERV-K/SERV-K1). For some of the viruses, transmission to other primates still occurs, resulting, for instance, in the HIV pandemic. Retroviruses are intimately connected with their host as they are normally spread by close contact. In this review, an attempt to reconstruct the distribution and history of OWM retroviruses will be made. A literature overview of the species infected by any of the eight retroviruses as well as an age estimation of the pathogens will be given. In addition, primate genomes from databases have been re-analyzed for the presence of endogenous retrovirus integrations. Results suggest that some of the oldest retroviruses, SERV and PcEV, have travelled with their hosts to Asia during the Miocene, when a higher global temperature allowed simian expansions. In contrast, younger viruses, such as SIV and SRV, probably due to the lack of a primate continuum between the continents in later times, have been restricted to Africa and Asia, respectively.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Old World Suboscine Birds (Aves: Eurylaimides)

2006 ◽  
Vol 3544 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT G. MOYLE ◽  
R TERRY CHESSER ◽  
RICHARD O. PRUM ◽  
PETER SCHIKLER ◽  
JOEL CRACRAFT
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Old World ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Early diversification of sperm size in the evolutionary history of the old world leaf warblers (Phylloscopidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Supriya ◽  
M. Rowe ◽  
T. Laskemoen ◽  
D. Mohan ◽  
T. D. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Old World ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leaf Warblers ◽  
Sperm Size

The genus Capsicum (Solanaceae) in Africa

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 845-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Eshbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
New World ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Old World ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Local Phenomenon ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genus Capsicum ◽  
Large Acreage

The genus Capsicum (Solanaceae) includes approximately 20 wild species and 4-5 domesticated taxa commonly referred to as ‘chilies’ or ‘peppers’. The pre-Colombian distribution of the genus was New World. The evolutionary history of the genus is now envisaged as including three distinct lines leading to the domesticated taxa. The route of Capsicum to the Old World is thought to have followed three different courses. First, explorers introduced it to Europe with secondary introduction into Africa via further exploratory expeditions; second, botanical gardens played a major role in introduction; and third, introduction followed the slave trade routes. Today, pepper production in Africa is of two types, vegetable and spice. Statistical profiles on production are difficult to interpret, but the data available indicate that Nigeria, Egypt, Tunisia and Ghana are the leading producers. Production is mainly a local phenomenon and large acreage is seldom devoted to the growing of peppers. The primary peppers in Africa are C.  annuum and C.  frutescens.

scholarly journals Old World and New World Phasmatodea: Phylogenomics Resolve the Evolutionary History of Stick and Leaf Insects

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Simon ◽  
Harald Letsch ◽  
Sarah Bank ◽  
Thomas R. Buckley ◽  
Alexander Donath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
New World ◽  
Old World ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The complex evolution of the HSP70 gene family

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Er-meng Yu ◽  
Tatsuki Yoshinaga ◽  
Frank L. Jalufka ◽  
Hashimul Ehsan ◽  
David B. Mark Welch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Hsp70 Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) family contains several isoforms localized in different subcellular compartments. The cytosolic isoforms have been classified into stress-inducible HSP70s and constitutive heat shock cognates (HSC70s), but occasional reports of “constitutive HSP70s” and the lack of cross-phylum comparisons have been a source of confusion in the evolution of the metazoan HSP70 family. Here we provide novel insights into the evolutionary history of this important molecular chaperone. We first cloned two HSP70 genes from the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, an emerging model in evolutionary genetics, and confirmed their stress inducibility. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses of 100 full-length HSP70 family member genes revealed an ancient duplication that gave rise to two lineages from which all metazoan cytosolic HSP70s descend. One lineage contains a relatively small number of Lophotrochozoan and Ecdysozoan genes, none of which have been shown to be constitutively expressed. The second included both inducible and constitutive genes from diverse phyla. Species-specific duplications are present in both lineages, and in the second there are well-supported phylum-specific clades for Rotifera, Nematoda, and Chordata. Some genes in this lineage have likely independently acquired stress inducibility, which may explain the sporadic distribution of genes designated as “HSP70” or “HSC70” in previous analyses. Consistent with the history of diversification within each group, stress-inducible members of the second lineage show lower purifying selection pressure compared to constitutive members. These results illustrate the evolutionary history of the HSP70 family independent from their expression patterns, encouraging the development of new nomenclature based on evolutionary history.

scholarly journals The complex evolution of the metazoan HSP70 gene family

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Er-meng Yu ◽  
Tatsuki Yoshinaga ◽  
Frank L. Jalufka ◽  
Hashimul Ehsan ◽  
David B. Mark Welch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Molecular Chaperones ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Hsp70 Family ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe metazoan 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) family contains several members localized in different subcellular compartments. The cytosolic members have been classified into inducible HSP70s and constitutive heat shock cognates (HSC70s), but their distinction and evolutionary relationship remain unclear because of occasional reports of “constitutive HSP70s” and the lack of cross-phylum comparisons. Here we provide novel insights into the evolution of these important molecular chaperones. Phylogenetic analyses of 125 full-length HSP70s from a broad range of phyla revealed an ancient duplication that gave rise to two lineages from which all metazoan cytosolic HSP70s descend. One lineage (A) contains a relatively small number of genes from many invertebrate phyla, none of which have been shown to be constitutively expressed (i.e., either inducible or unknown). The other lineage (B) included both inducible and constitutive genes from diverse phyla. Species-specific duplications are present in both lineages, and Lineage B contains well-supported phylum-specific clades for Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Nematoda, Porifera/Cnidaria, and Chordata. Some genes in Lineage B have likely independently acquired inducibility, which may explain the sporadic distribution of “HSP70” or “HSC70” in previous phylogenetic analyses. Consistent with the diversification history within each group, inducible members show lower purifying selection pressure compared to constitutive members. These results illustrate the evolutionary history of the HSP70 family, encouraging us to propose a new nomenclature: “HSP70 + subcellular localization + linage + copy number in the organism + inducible or constitutive, if known.” e.g., HSP70cA1i for cytosolic Lineage A, copy 1, inducible.

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