Sur-Sangam and Punjabi Zabur (Psalms 24:7–10): Messianic and Missiological Perspectives in the Indian Subcontinent

How does the local raga-based music setting of Psalm 24:7–10 become associated with Christian identity in an Islamic context? How does Psalm 24 strengthen the faith of the marginalized church and broaden messianic hope? In what ways does Psalm 24:7–10 equip local Christians for missional engagement? This paper focuses on the convergence of the local raga-based musical concept of sur-sangam and the revealed text of Punjabi Psalms/Zabur 24:7–10. It argues that while poetic translated text in Punjabi vernacular remains a vital component of theological pedagogy, local music expresses the emotional voice that (re)assures of the messianic hope and mandates missional engagement in Pakistan. Throughout the convergence, musical, messianic, and missional perspectives are transformed to a local phenomenon and its practice is perceived in a cross-cultural connection. Furthermore, examining the text and tune of Punjabi Zabur (Psalms) 24:7–10 in the Indo-Pak context may stretch the spectrum of religious repertoire in the contemporary intercultural world.

It’s Our Fault: A Global Comparison of Different Ways of Explaining Climate Change

International surveys suggest people increasingly agree the climate is changing and humans are the cause. One reading of this is that people have adopted the scientific point of view. Based on a sample of 28 ethnographic cases we argue that this conclusion might be premature. Communities merge scientific explanations with local knowledge in hybrid ways. This is possible because both discourses blame humans as the cause of the changes they observe. However, the specific factors or agents blamed differ in each case. Whereas scientists identify carbon dioxide producers in particular world regions, indigenous communities often blame themselves, since, in many lay ontologies, the weather is typically perceived as a local phenomenon, which rewards and punishes people for their actions. Thus, while survey results show approval of the scientific view, this agreement is often understood differently and leads to diverging ways of allocating meaning about humans and the weather.

Accommodating Probability to Durability as Facing the Onset of Biological Phenomena from Within

Life distinguishes itself from non-life in taking advantage of the cohesion of temporal origin which non-life cannot afford. The temporal cohesion letting the local participants adhere to each other in a contemporaneous manner refers to an instance of the precedent product being pulled into the subsequent production. Setting the precedent is equivalent to preparing the conditions for the subsequent to follow. A concrete implementation of the cohesion of temporal origin, compared with the spatial cohesion common in physics, is found in the natural construction of a reaction cycle with use of the temporal affinity exerted from the immediate local environment. That construction is a temporally local phenomenon in the experiential domain, rather than in the theoretical. The cohesion originating in the local environment is due to the local act of measurement by the environment. A major component of the local environment to each reactant in the reaction cycle is the cycle itself. The cohesion specific to the reaction cycle rests upon the fact that every reaction product from the upstream production in the cycle comes to be fed upon by the immediate downstream production. Every production constituting the reaction cycle is temporally adjacent to and contemporaneous with the similar others residing in the whole cycle, in sharp contrast to the case of the open-ended linear chain of reaction. One externalist scheme of appreciating the internalist enterprise of constructing a durable reaction cycle in a contemporaneous manner may become possible as referring to the Bayesian probability. The durable reaction cycle may be made actual with probability unity under the condition that the products from the preceding production come with the protocol for the similar production to come subsequently.

Framing a Total Social Fact

Chapter 8 draws together the insights of the chapters that precede it to argue that in an age increasingly characterized by translocal livelihoods, conventional measures have failed to capture the extent of inequality. This is due to the prevalence of static, atomistic, and economically foreclosed conceptions of wealth, which under-represent both the scale and fungibility of inequality, viewing it as a local phenomenon mediated through income, where a more complex reality is preferable. It reflects on the example of Cambodia—a country where inequality is purported by macroscopic indicators to have declined in the last decade, but which more detailed studies reveal to be an endemic issue—to exemplify the need for a mobile approach to the measurement of inequality. In doing so, it concludes by demonstrating that a person’s inequality derives not only from multiple places, but also multiple forms of wealth and well-being. Inequality, viewed thus, is a ‘total social fact’ whose origins and remedies are far less tractable than conventional measures have shown.

Local Study of Jet of a Fluid Sloshing Inside a Rolling Tank

Sloshing is an important topic for the integrity of LNG tanks and the overall stability of the vessel. In the past, the interaction between the free surface and its substructure have been studied, especially where high-speed fluid jets impinge on the interior surface of the tank, and sometimes cause damage. In this paper, a boundary element method (BEM) with a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme is used to study the local phenomenon of nonlinear free-surface motion in a two-dimensional tank subject to roll motions. As the external excitations are nearly resonant with the fluid inside the tank, large free-surface deformations usually take place. The dynamic responses including the fluid velocity and pressure will grow drastically as the fluid is slamming on the walls. If no adequate conditions are applied, it is difficult to capture the peak physical quantities associated with strong nonlinear waves by most conventional Eulerian-Lagrangian methods. The numerical error will be accumulated and enlarged in just a few computational steps, which will eventually lead to unstable solutions. This paper will study the local phenomenon of a fast-moving jet forming on the wall of the tank, and its effect on the numerical stability and accuracy of the method overall. Some special numerical treatments are carried out for the local phenomenon approximation. The conservation of fluid mass is employed to obtain a reasonable geometry of the jet and its velocity along the wall. This provides a new set of rational boundary conditions applied on the walls, rather than using the artificial damping effect of other researchers. Results from the present method are compared with those from the volume of fluid (VOF) method implemented in ANSYS Fluent. The local free-surface shape in the vicinity of the jet and some local and global flow field patterns, including velocity and pressure, will be compared with and verified with experimental observations and measurements.

Vagueness

The book is about the problem of vagueness. It begins by discussing some of the existing views on vagueness and then explains why they have not been thought to be satisfactory. It then outlines a new account of vagueness, based on the general idea that vagueness is a global rather than a local phenomenon. In other words, the vagueness of an expression or object is not an intrinsic feature of the object or an expression but a matter of how it relates to other objects and expression. The development of this idea leads to a new semantics and logic for vagueness. The semantics and logic are then applied to a number of issues, including the sorites paradox, the transparency or luminosity of mental states, and personal identity. It is shown that the view allows one to hew to a much more intuitive position on these various issues.

Houses Divided

This work argues that congregational and local denominational schisms among Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians in the border state of Missouri before, during, and after the Civil War were central to the crisis of the Union, Civil War, and Reconstruction. Employing an array of approaches that examine these ecclesiastical fractures beyond the customary antebellum temporal scope of analysis, and as a local phenomenon, this study maintains that the schisms were interlinked religious, sociocultural, legal, and political developments rife with implications for the transformation of evangelicalism and the United States in that period and to the end of Reconstruction. The evangelical disruptions in Missouri were grounded in divergent moral and political understandings of slavery, abolitionism, secession, and disloyalty. Publicly articulated by factional litigation over church property and a combative evangelical print culture, the schisms were complicated by race, class, and gender dynamics that arrayed the contending interests of white middle-class women and men, rural churchgoers, and African American congregants. These ruptures forged antagonistic northern and southern evangelical worldviews that increased antebellum sectarian strife and violence, energized the notorious guerrilla conflict that gripped Missouri through the Civil War, and fueled postwar vigilantism between opponents and proponents of emancipation. As such, the schisms produced the intertwined religious, legal, and constitutional controversies that shaped pro- and antislavery evangelical contention before 1861, wartime Radical rule, and the rise and fall of Reconstruction.