scholarly journals Rotavirus Serotype G9 Strains Belonging to VP7 Gene Phylogenetic Sequence Lineage 1 May Be More Suitable for Serotype G9 Vaccine Candidates than Those Belonging to Lineage 2 or 3

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (14) ◽  
pp. 7795-7802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Hoshino ◽  
Ronald W. Jones ◽  
Jerri Ross ◽  
Shinjiro Honma ◽  
Norma Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Effective Group ◽  
Vp7 Gene

ABSTRACT A safe and effective group A rotavirus vaccine that could prevent severe diarrhea or ameliorate its symptoms in infants and young children is urgently needed in both developing and developed countries. Rotavirus VP7 serotypes G1, G2, G3, and G4 have been well established to be of epidemiologic importance worldwide. Recently, serotype G9 has emerged as the fifth globally common type of rotavirus of clinical importance. Sequence analysis of the VP7 gene of various G9 isolates has demonstrated the existence of at least three phylogenetic lineages. The goal of our study was to determine the relationship of the phylogenetic lineages to the neutralization specificity of various G9 strains. We generated eight single VP7 gene substitution reassortants, each of which bore a single VP7 gene encoding G9 specificity of one of the eight G9 strains (two lineage 1, one lineage 2 and five lineage 3 strains) and the remaining 10 genes of bovine rotavirus strain UK, and two hyperimmune guinea pig antisera to each reassortant, and we then analyzed VP7 neutralization characteristics of the eight G9 strains as well as an additional G9 strain belonging to lineage 1; the nine strains were isolated in five countries. Antisera to lineage 1 viruses neutralized lineage 2 and 3 strains to at least within eightfold of the homotypic lineage viruses. Antisera to lineage 2 virus neutralized lineage 3 viruses to at least twofold of the homotypic lineage 2 virus; however, neutralization of lineage 1 viruses was fourfold (F45 and AU32) to 16- to 64-fold (WI61) less efficient. Antisera to lineage 3 viruses neutralized the lineage 2 strain 16- to 64-fold less efficiently, the lineage 1 strains F45 and AU32 8- to 128-fold less efficiently, and WI61 (prototype G9 strain) 128- to 1,024-fold less efficiently than the homotypic lineage 3 viruses. These findings may have important implications for the development of G9 rotavirus vaccine candidates, as the strain with the broadest reactivity (i.e., a prime strain) would certainly be the ideal strain for inclusion in a vaccine.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Age-Associated Pathogen Distribution in Newborn Calves with Diarrhea Admitted to ICU

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Engin Berber ◽  
Nurettin Çanakoğlu ◽  
İbrahim Sözdutmaz ◽  
Emrah Simsek ◽  
Neslihan Sursal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Pathogen Screening ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Infectious Pathogen

Calf mortality constitutes a substantial loss for agriculture economy-based countries and is also a significant herd problem in developed countries. However, the occurrence and frequency of responsible gastro-intestinal (GI) pathogens in severe newborn diarrhea is still not well known. We aimed to determine the seasonal and age-associated pathogen distribution of severe diarrhea in newborn calves admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Erciyes University animal hospital over a year. Fecal samples were collected during the ICU admissions, and specimens were subjected to a diarrheal pathogen screening panel that included bovine coronavirus (BCoV), Cryptosporidium spp., ETEC K99+, and bovine rotavirus, using RT-PCR and conventional PCR methods. Further isolation experiments were performed with permissive cell cultures and bacterial enrichment methods to identify the clinical importance of infectious pathogen shedding in the ICU. Among the hospitalized calves aged less than 45 days old, the majority of calves originated from small farms (85.9%). The pathogen that most frequently occurred was Cryptosporidium spp. (61.5%) followed by rotavirus (56.4%). The frequency of animal admission to ICU and GI pathogen identification was higher during the winter season (44.9%) when compared to other seasons. Most calves included in the study were 1–6 days old (44.9%). Lastly, co-infection with rotavirus and Cryptosporidium spp. occurred more frequently than other dual or multi-infection events. This study was the first to define severe diarrhea—causing GI pathogens from ICU admitted newborn calves in Turkey.

scholarly journals Diarrheal Etiology and Impact of Coinfections on Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Estimates in a Clinical Trial of a Monovalent Human–Bovine (116E) Oral Rotavirus Vaccine, Rotavac, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Praharaj ◽  
James A Platts-Mills ◽  
Sunita Taneja ◽  
Kalpana Antony ◽  
Krista Yuhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Norovirus Gii ◽  
Taqman Array ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Rotavirus vaccine efficacy (VE) estimates in low-resource settings are lower than in developed countries. We detected coinfections in cases of severe rotavirus diarrhea in a rotavirus VE trial to determine whether these negatively impacted rotavirus VE estimates. Methods We performed TaqMan Array Card assays for enteropathogens on stools from rotavirus enzyme immunoassay–positive diarrhea episodes and all severe episodes (Vesikari score ≥11), from a phase 3 VE trial of Rotavac, a monovalent human–bovine (116E) rotavirus vaccine, carried out across 3 sites in India. We estimated pathogen-specific etiologies of diarrhea, described associated clinical characteristics, and estimated the impact of coinfections on rotavirus VE using a test-negative design. Results A total of 1507 specimens from 1169 infants were tested for the presence of coinfections. Rotavirus was the leading cause of severe diarrhea even among vaccinated children, followed by adenovirus 40/41, Shigella/enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, norovirus GII, sapovirus, and Cryptosporidium species. Bacterial coinfections in rotavirus-positive diarrhea were associated with a longer duration of diarrhea and protozoal coinfections with increased odds of hospitalization. Using the test-negative design, rotavirus VE against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis increased from 49.3% to 60.6% in the absence of coinfections (difference, 11.3%; 95% confidence interval, –10.3% to 30.2%). Conclusions While rotavirus was the dominant etiology of severe diarrhea even in vaccinated children, a broad range of other etiologies was identified. Accounting for coinfections led to an 11.3% increase in the VE estimate. Although not statistically significant, an 11.3% decrease in VE due to presence of coinfections would explain an important fraction of the low rotavirus VE in this setting.

Combined use of lactic-acid-producing bacteria as probiotics and rotavirus vaccine candidates expressing virus-specific proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1006
Author(s):  
Atefeh Afchangi ◽  
Tayebeh Latifi ◽  
Somayeh Jalilvand ◽  
Sayed Mahdi Marashi ◽  
Zabihollah Shoja
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria

Protection Studies in Colostrum-Deprived Piglets of a Bovine Rotavirus Vaccine Candidate Using Human Rotavirus Strains for Challenge

1983 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zissis ◽  
J. P. Lambert ◽  
P. Marbebant ◽  
D. Marissens ◽  
M. Lobmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Human Rotavirus

scholarly journals Two out of the 11 genes of an unusual human G6P[6] rotavirus isolate are of bovine origin

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 2630-2635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle Matthijnssens ◽  
Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Marc Van Ranst
Keyword(s):  
Complete Genome ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Molecular Origin ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Vp7 Gene

In 2003, we described the first human G6P[6] rotavirus strain (B1711). To investigate further the molecular origin of this strain and to determine the possible reassortments leading to this new gene constellation, the complete genome of strain B1711 was sequenced. SimPlot analyses were conducted to compare strain B1711 with other known rotavirus gene segments, and phylogenetic dendrograms were constructed to analyse the origin of the eleven genome segments of strain B1711. Our analysis indicated that strain B1711 acquired its VP1-, VP2-, VP4-, VP6- and NSP1–5-encoding gene segments from human DS-1-like P[6] rotavirus strains, and its VP3 and VP7 gene segments from a bovine rotavirus strain through reassortment. The introduction of animal–human reassortant strains, which might arise in either of the hosts, into the human rotavirus population is an important mechanism for the generation of rotavirus diversity, and might be a challenge for the current rotavirus vaccines and vaccines under development.

scholarly journals Detection and Differentiation of Bovine Group A Rotavirus Serotypes using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Generated Probes to the VP7 Gene

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil V. Parwani ◽  
Blair I. Rosen ◽  
Jorge Flores ◽  
Malcolm A. McCrae ◽  
Mario Gorziglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Northern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Vp7 Gene ◽  
Hybridization Assays

Dot and Northern blot hybridization assays were developed to detect and differentiate group A bovine rotavirus serotypes using radiolabeled serotype 6 (Nebraska calf diarrhea virus [NCDV] and United Kingdom [UK] strains) or serotype 10 (Cracker [Cr] strain) VP7 gene probes. Partial length VP7-specific cDNA encompassing areas of major sequence diversity were generated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using either cloned VP7 genes (NCDV and UK strains) or reverse transcribed mRNA (Cr strain) as templates. Radiolabeled probes prepared from the PCR-generated cDNA were tested at various stringency conditions to optimize the hybridization assays. At high stringency conditions (52 C, 50% formamide, 5 x standard saline citrate), the NCDV, UK, and Cr probes serotypically differentiated bovine rotavirus isolates in RNA samples prepared from cell culture-propagated viruses or in fecal specimens from infected gnotobiotic calves. The sensitivity and specificity of NCDV and Cr VP7 probes were characterized in dot blot hybridization assays, and the probes were estimated to detect at least 1 ng of viral RNA. The serotyping results obtained using VP7 probes were similar to those obtained using serologic assays. Further development of these assays may provide a useful means for the rapid detection and differentiation of bovine rotavirus serotypes in fecal samples from calves in the field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document