scholarly journals Isolation and Genetic Characterization of New Reassortant H3N1 Swine Influenza Virus from Pigs in the Midwestern United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 5092-5096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Ma ◽  
Marie Gramer ◽  
Kurt Rossow ◽  
Kyoung-Jin Yoon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Virus Origin ◽  
Reassortant Viruses

ABSTRACT Since the introduction of H3N2 swine influenza viruses (SIVs) into U.S. swine in 1998, H1N2 and H1N1 reassortant viruses have emerged from reassortment between classical H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. In 2004, a new reassortant H3N1 virus (A/Swine/Minnesota/00395/2004) was identified from coughing pigs. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a hemagglutinin segment similar to those of contemporary cluster III H3N2 SIVs and a neuraminidase sequence of contemporary H1N1 origin. The internal genes were of swine, human, and avian influenza virus origin, similar to those of contemporary U.S. cluster III H3N2 SIVs. The recovery of H3N1 is further evidence of reassortment among SIVs and justifies continuous surveillance.

Antigenic and genetic characterization of a European avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus from a boy in China in 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Qi ◽  
Lunbiao Cui ◽  
Yongjun Jiao ◽  
Yuning Pan ◽  
Xihan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza

Characterization of a newly emerged genetic cluster of H1N1 and H1N2 swine influenza virus in the United States

Virus Genes ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Vincent ◽  
Wenjun Ma ◽  
Kelly M. Lager ◽  
Marie R. Gramer ◽  
Juergen A. Richt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Cluster

Genetic characterization of H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 swine influenza virus in Thailand

2008 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salin Chutinimitkul ◽  
Nattakarn Thippamom ◽  
Sudarat Damrongwatanapokin ◽  
Sunchai Payungporn ◽  
Roongroje Thanawongnuwech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza

Identification and characterization of a highly virulent triple reassortant H1N1 swine influenza virus in the United States

Virus Genes ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Ma ◽  
Amy L. Vincent ◽  
Kelly M. Lager ◽  
Bruce H. Janke ◽  
Steven C. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
The United States ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Highly Virulent

Genetic characterization of H1N2 swine influenza virus isolated in China and its pathogenesis and inflammatory responses in mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 158 (9) ◽  
pp. 1965-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Jiyue Cao ◽  
Huanchun Chen ◽  
Meilin Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza

scholarly journals Swine-Origin H1 Influenza Viruses Isolated from Humans Exhibit Sustained Infectivity in an Aerosol State

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna A. Pulit-Penaloza ◽  
Jessica A. Belser ◽  
Terrence M. Tumpey ◽  
Taronna R. Maines
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Aerosol State ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Enhanced Stability

ABSTRACT The relative importance of influenza virus transmission via aerosols is not fully understood, but experimental data suggest that aerosol transmission may represent a critical mode of influenza virus spread among humans. Decades ago, prototypical laboratory strains of influenza were shown to persist in aerosols; however, there is a paucity of data available covering currently circulating influenza viruses, which differ significantly from their predecessors. In this study, we evaluated the longevity of influenza viruses in aerosols generated in the laboratory. We selected a panel of H1 viruses that exhibit diverse transmission profiles in the ferret model, including four human isolates of swine origin (referred to as variant) and a seasonal strain. By measuring the ratio of viral RNA to infectious virus maintained in aerosols over time, we show that influenza viruses known to transmit efficiently through the air display enhanced stability in an aerosol state for prolonged periods compared to those viruses that do not transmit as efficiently. We then assessed whether H1 influenza virus was still capable of infecting and causing disease in ferrets after being aged in suspended aerosols. Ferrets exposed to very low levels of influenza virus (≤17 PFU) in aerosols aged for 15 or 30 min became infected, with five of six ferrets shedding virus in nasal washes at titers on par with ferrets who inhaled higher doses of unaged influenza virus. We describe here an underreported characteristic of influenza viruses, stability in aerosols, and make a direct connection to the role this characteristic plays in influenza transmission. IMPORTANCE Each time a swine influenza virus transmits to a human, it provides an opportunity for the virus to acquire adaptations needed for sustained human-to-human transmission. Here, we use aerobiology techniques to test the stability of swine-origin H1 subtype viruses in aerosols and evaluate their infectivity in ferrets. Our results show that highly transmissible influenza viruses display enhanced stability in an aerosol state compared to viruses that do not transmit as efficiently. Similar to human-adapted strains, swine-origin influenza viruses are infectious in ferrets at low doses even after prolonged suspension in the air. These data underscore the risk of airborne swine-origin influenza viruses and support the need for continued surveillance and refinement of innovative laboratory methods to investigate mammalian exposure to inhaled pathogens. Determination of the molecular markers that affect the longevity of airborne influenza viruses will improve our ability to quickly identify emerging strains that present the greatest threat to public health.

scholarly journals Novel Swine Influenza Virus Subtype H3N1, United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Porntippa Lekcharoensuk ◽  
Kelly M. Lager ◽  
Ramesh Vemulapalli ◽  
Mary Woodruff ◽  
Amy L. Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Virus Subtype

scholarly journals Mutations in the NS1 Protein of Swine Influenza Virus Impair Anti-Interferon Activity and Confer Attenuation in Pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 7535-7543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Solórzano ◽  
Richard J. Webby ◽  
Kelly M. Lager ◽  
Bruce H. Janke ◽  
Adolfo García-Sastre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Ns1 Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Virulence Attenuation

ABSTRACT It has been shown previously that the nonstructural protein NS1 of influenza virus is an alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) antagonist, both in vitro and in experimental animal model systems. However, evidence of this function in a natural host has not yet been obtained. Here we investigated the role of the NS1 protein in the virulence of a swine influenza virus (SIV) isolate in pigs by using reverse genetics. The virulent wild-type A/Swine/Texas/4199-2/98 (TX/98) virus and various mutants encoding carboxy-truncated NS1 proteins were rescued. Growth properties of TX/98 viruses with mutated NS1, induction of IFN in tissue culture, and virulence-attenuation in pigs were analyzed and compared to those of the recombinant wild-type TX/98 virus. Our results indicate that deletions in the NS1 protein decrease the ability of the TX/98 virus to prevent IFN-α/β synthesis in pig cells. Moreover, all NS1 mutant viruses were attenuated in pigs, and this correlated with the amount of IFN-α/β induced in vitro. These data suggest that the NS1 protein of SIV is a virulence factor. Due to their attenuation, NS1-mutated swine influenza viruses might have a great potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates against SIV infections of pigs.

Genetic characterization of Thai swine influenza viruses after the introduction of pandemic H1N1 2009

Virus Genes ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataya Charoenvisal ◽  
Juthatip Keawcharoen ◽  
Donruethai Sreta ◽  
Supassama Chaiyawong ◽  
Nutthawan Nonthabenjawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 2009

scholarly journals Effect of health seeking interval on outcome in swine flu cases attended a tertiary care hospital in southern Rajasthan region of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2910
Author(s):  
Shalabh Sharma ◽  
Yogesh Kumar Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: Swine flu influenza is an infection by H1N1 type of swine influenza virus. Swine influenza virus or swine-origin influenza virus (SIV or S-OIV) is a strain of the family of influenza viruses that’s endemic in swine (pigs). Early diagnosis and treatment is key approach to control the morbidity and mortality associated with swine flu which can be achieved by improving health seeking behaviour of community. Understanding of behaviour of community is essential for planning strategies for prevention and control. Aim of this study is to establish a relation between healthcare interval and outcome of swine flu.Methods: A complete data of all the patients visiting swine flu OPDs, swine flu wards and ICU were maintained for year 2015. Each patient visiting either the swine flu OPD or the swine flu ward, who was suspected clinically to be H1N1 positive were tested for real time PCR. Data was collected in a standardized pre-structured questionnaire.Results: Out of 1247 samples tested for rt-PCR, number of patients found to be swine positive was 491 (39.37%). Total 267 patients were admitted in swine flu ward and ICU, out of them 62 was expired. Clinical care intervals of more than 5 days from onset of symptoms to swab collection, diagnosis and admission were more in female and rural population. Mean duration between onset of symptom to hospitalization, swab collection and diagnosis was significantly higher in deceased patients than survived.Conclusions: Early presentation to healthcare facility is associated with better prognosis and outcome. After patient report to the health care setup, early sample collection and diagnosis help to reduce mortality.

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