scholarly journals Recruitment of the Nucleotide Excision Repair Endonuclease XPG to Sites of UV-Induced DNA Damage Depends on Functional TFIIH

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 8868-8879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Zotter ◽  
Martijn S. Luijsterburg ◽  
Daniël O. Warmerdam ◽  
Shehu Ibrahim ◽  
Alex Nigg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Nucleotide Excision Repair ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines ◽  
Nucleotide Excision ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Damaged Dna

ABSTRACT The structure-specific endonuclease XPG is an indispensable core protein of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) machinery. XPG cleaves the DNA strand at the 3′ side of the DNA damage. XPG binding stabilizes the NER preincision complex and is essential for the 5′ incision by the ERCC1/XPF endonuclease. We have studied the dynamic role of XPG in its different cellular functions in living cells. We have created mammalian cell lines that lack functional endogenous XPG and stably express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-tagged XPG. Life cell imaging shows that in undamaged cells XPG-eGFP is uniformly distributed throughout the cell nucleus, diffuses freely, and is not stably associated with other nuclear proteins. XPG is recruited to UV-damaged DNA with a half-life of 200 s and is bound for 4 min in NER complexes. Recruitment requires functional TFIIH, although some TFIIH mutants allow slow XPG recruitment. Remarkably, binding of XPG to damaged DNA does not require the DDB2 protein, which is thought to enhance damage recognition by NER factor XPC. Together, our data present a comprehensive view of the in vivo behavior of a protein that is involved in a complex chromatin-associated process.

scholarly journals Nucleotide excision repair–induced H2A ubiquitination is dependent on MDC1 and RNF8 and reveals a universal DNA damage response

2009 ◽  
Vol 186 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgen A. Marteijn ◽  
Simon Bekker-Jensen ◽  
Niels Mailand ◽  
Hannes Lans ◽  
Petra Schwertman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Nucleotide Excision Repair ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Epigenetic Mark ◽  
Histone H2a ◽  
Nucleotide Excision ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Damaged Dna

Chromatin modifications are an important component of the of DNA damage response (DDR) network that safeguard genomic integrity. Recently, we demonstrated nucleotide excision repair (NER)–dependent histone H2A ubiquitination at sites of ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage. In this study, we show a sustained H2A ubiquitination at damaged DNA, which requires dynamic ubiquitination by Ubc13 and RNF8. Depletion of these enzymes causes UV hypersensitivity without affecting NER, which is indicative of a function for Ubc13 and RNF8 in the downstream UV–DDR. RNF8 is targeted to damaged DNA through an interaction with the double-strand break (DSB)–DDR scaffold protein MDC1, establishing a novel function for MDC1. RNF8 is recruited to sites of UV damage in a cell cycle–independent fashion that requires NER-generated, single-stranded repair intermediates and ataxia telangiectasia–mutated and Rad3-related protein. Our results reveal a conserved pathway of DNA damage–induced H2A ubiquitination for both DSBs and UV lesions, including the recruitment of 53BP1 and Brca1. Although both lesions are processed by independent repair pathways and trigger signaling responses by distinct kinases, they eventually generate the same epigenetic mark, possibly functioning in DNA damage signal amplification.

scholarly journals UvrD Participation in Nucleotide Excision Repair Is Required for the Recovery of DNA Synthesis following UV-Induced Damage inEscherichia coli

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelley N. Newton ◽  
Charmain T. Courcelle ◽  
Justin Courcelle
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Nucleotide Excision Repair ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Dna Helicase ◽  
Replication Forks ◽  
Nucleotide Excision ◽  
Fork Regression

UvrD is a DNA helicase that participates in nucleotide excision repair and several replication-associated processes, including methyl-directed mismatch repair and recombination. UvrD is capable of displacing oligonucleotides from synthetic forked DNA structuresin vitroand is essential for viability in the absence of Rep, a helicase associated with processing replication forks. These observations have led others to propose that UvrD may promote fork regression and facilitate resetting of the replication fork following arrest. However, the molecular activity of UvrD at replication forksin vivohas not been directly examined. In this study, we characterized the role UvrD has in processing and restoring replication forks following arrest by UV-induced DNA damage. We show that UvrD is required for DNA synthesis to recover. However, in the absence of UvrD, the displacement and partial degradation of the nascent DNA at the arrested fork occur normally. In addition, damage-induced replication intermediates persist and accumulate inuvrDmutants in a manner that is similar to that observed in other nucleotide excision repair mutants. These data indicate that, following arrest by DNA damage, UvrD is not required to catalyze fork regressionin vivoand suggest that the failure ofuvrDmutants to restore DNA synthesis following UV-induced arrest relates to its role in nucleotide excision repair.

scholarly journals UV radiation-induced SUMOylation of DDB2 regulates nucleotide excision repair

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 976-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhua Han ◽  
Ran Zhao ◽  
John Kroger ◽  
Jinshan He ◽  
Gulzar Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Nucleotide Excision Repair ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Nucleotide Excision

Abstract Subunit 2 of DNA damage-binding protein complex (DDB2) is an early sensor of nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway for eliminating DNA damage induced by UV radiation (UVR) and cisplatin treatments of mammalian cells. DDB2 is modified by ubiquitin and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) in response to UVR, and these modifications play a crucial role in regulating NER. Here, using immuno-analysis of irradiated cell extracts, we have identified multiple post-irradiation modifications of DDB2 protein. Interestingly, although the DNA lesions induced by both UVR and cisplatin are corrected by NER, only the UV irradiation, but not the cisplatin treatment, induces any discernable DDB2 modifications. We, for the first time, show that the appearance of UVR-induced DDB2 modifications depend on the binding of DDB2 to the damaged chromatin and the participation of functionally active 26S proteasome. The in vitro and in vivo analysis revealed that SUMO-1 conjugations comprise a significant portion of these UVR-induced DDB2 modifications. Mapping of SUMO-modified sites demonstrated that UVR-induced SUMOylation occurs on Lys-309 residue of DDB2 protein. Mutation of Lys-309 to Arg-309 diminished the DDB2 SUMOylation observable both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, K309R mutated DDB2 lost its function of recruiting XPC to the DNA damage sites, as well as the ability to repair cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers following cellular UV irradiation. Taken together, our results indicate that DDB2 is modified by SUMOylation upon UV irradiation, and this post-translational modification plays an important role in the initial recognition and processing of UVR-induced DNA damage occurring within the context of chromatin.

scholarly journals DDB2 (Damaged-DNA binding protein 2) in nucleotide excision repair and DNA damage response

Cell Cycle ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
pp. 4067-4071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Stoyanova ◽  
Nilotpal Roy ◽  
Dragana Kopanja ◽  
Pradip Raychaudhuri ◽  
Srilata Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Nucleotide Excision Repair ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Dna Binding Protein ◽  
Nucleotide Excision ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Damaged Dna

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Interaction of Human and Yeast DNA Damage Recognition Complexes with Damaged DNA in Nucleotide Excision Repair

2013 ◽  
Vol 288 (15) ◽  
pp. 10936-10947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya S. Krasikova ◽  
Nadejda I. Rechkunova ◽  
Ekaterina A. Maltseva ◽  
Pavel E. Pestryakov ◽  
Irina O. Petruseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Excision Repair ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Damage Recognition ◽  
Nucleotide Excision ◽  
Dna Damage Recognition ◽  
Damaged Dna

scholarly journals The functional role of nucleotide excision repair in transcription-associated DNA damage in mammals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Κυριάκος Αγαθαγγέλου
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Nucleotide Excision Repair ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Nucleotide Excision

Σε αντίθεση με τις πρωτεΐνες και τα υπόλοιπα μακρομόρια π.χ. τα σάκχαρα ή τα λίπη, το πυρηνικό DNA (η απαρχή του RNA και των πρωτεϊνών) είναι αναντικατάστατο. Παρά το γεγονός ότι η χημική του σύσταση είναι εξαιρετικά ασταθής, το DNA οφείλει να διατηρηθεί αναλλοίωτο καθόλη τη διάρκεια της ζωής του κυττάρου ώστε η γενετική πληροφορία να κληρονομηθεί αυτούσια στα θυγατρικά κύτταρα. Ωστόσο, η ύπαρξη διαφόρων ενδογενών γενοτοξικών παραγόντων προκαλούν τη σταδιακή συσσώρευση πλήθους δομικών αλλοιώσεων και προσβολών (π.χ. υδρόλυση, απαμίνωση βάσεων, διμερισμός πυριμιδινών, δημιουργία θραυσμάτων μονής ή διπλής DNA έλικας κτλ.) στο DNA. Η επακόλουθη γενωμική αστάθεια επιφέρει δραματικές αλλαγές στη φυσιολογία του κυττάρου παρεμποδίζοντας τη φυσιολογική λειτουργία ζωτικών βιολογικών διεργασιών όπως η μεταγραφή ή/και ο αναδιπλασιασμός του DNA. Για να αντιμετωπίσουν την σταδιακή συσσώρευση DNA βλαβών, τα ευκαρυωτικά κύτταρα έχουν αναπτύξει ένα σύνολο αλληλεπικαλυπτόμενων επιδιορθωτικών μηχανισμών, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του μηχανισμού εκτομής νουκλεοτιδίων (Nucleotide Excision Repair, NER), που εντοπίζουν, επιδιορθώνουν και αποκαθιστούν το προσβαλλόμενο DNA στην αρχική του μορφή. Στον άνθρωπο και τα αντίστοιχα πειραματικά μοντέλα ποντικών, η ύπαρξη εγγενών μεταλλαγών σε γονίδια του μονοπατιού NER, προκαλεί ένα ευρύ φάσμα κλινικών συμπτωμάτων που χαρακτηρίζεται από εξαιρετική ετερογένεια, η οποία δε μπορεί να εξηγηθεί αποκλειστικά λόγω της ατελούς επιδιόρθωσης του DNA. Πρόσφατες μελέτες απεκάλυψαν ότι ορισμένες πρωτεΐνες του NER συμμετέχουν, πέραν της επιδιόρθωσης των DNA βλαβών, σε κυτταρικές διεργασίες όπως η έναρξη της μεταγραφής και η αναδιαμόρφωση ή ο σχηματισμός της τρισδιάστατης δομής της χρωματίνης στο χώρο. Για να διαλευκάνουμε το λειτουργικό ρόλο του NER στην ανάπτυξη και τις ασθένειες στα θηλαστικά, αναπτύξαμε την μέθοδο της in vivo σήμανσης με βιοτίνη της πρωτεΐνης XPF στον ποντικό. Η προσέγγιση αυτή σε συνδυασμό με μεθοδολογίες αλληλούχισης DNA υψηλής απόδοσης και λειτουργικές προσεγγίσεις απεκάλυψαν ότι το ετεροδιμερές του συμπλόκου ενδονουκλεάσης του NER ERCCI-XPF αλληλεπιδρά με πρωτεϊνικούς παράγοντες που συμμετέχουν στην μεταγραφή και την εξομάλυνση του τοπολογικού φόρτου του DNA κατά την διαδικασία της μεταγραφής. Συγκεκριμένα, ανιχνεύσαμε ότι κατά την επαγωγή της μεταγραφής, η ERCC1-XPF προσδένεται σε υποκινητές, κατά μήκος του γονιδιώματος. Επιπλέον μελέτες απεκάλυψαν ότι η πρόσδεση του συμπλόκου ERCC1-XPF στο DNA, συμπίπτει με την δημιουργία εκτομών διπλού θραύσματος στο DNA (DNA double strand breaks, DSBs) σε διακριτές περιοχές του DNA. Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης αναδεικνύουν τον λειτουργικό ρόλο της ERCC1-XPF στην επιδιόρθωση DNA βλαβών που προκαλούνται κατά την διαδικασία της μεταγραφής και παρέχουν ένα μηχανιστικό μοντέλο που εξηγεί ικανοποιητικά την κλινική ετερογένεια των συνδρόμων NER.

scholarly journals Molecular Anatomy of the Human Excision Nuclease Assembled at Sites of DNA Damage

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 5938-5945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce T. Reardon ◽  
Aziz Sancar
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Nucleotide Excision Repair ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Close Physical Proximity ◽  
Nucleotide Excision ◽  
Molecular Anatomy ◽  
Damaged Dna

ABSTRACT Human nucleotide excision repair is initiated by six repair factors (XPA, RPA, XPC-HR23B, TFIIH, XPF-ERCC1, and XPG) which sequentially assemble at sites of DNA damage and effect excision of damage-containing oligonucleotides. We here describe the molecular anatomy of the human excision nuclease assembled at the site of a psoralen-adducted thymine. Three polypeptides, primarily positioned 5′ to the damage, are in close physical proximity to the psoralen lesion and thus are cross-linked to the damaged DNA: these proteins are RPA70, RPA32, and the XPD subunit of TFIIH. While both XPA and XPC bind damaged DNA and are required for XPD cross-linking to the psoralen-adducted base, neither XPA nor XPC is cross-linked to the psoralen adduct. The presence of other repair factors, in particular TFIIH, alters the mode of RPA binding and the position of its subunits relative to the psoralen lesion. Based on these results, we propose that RPA70 makes the initial contact with psoralen-damaged DNA but that within preincision complexes, it is RPA32 and XPD that are in close contact with the lesion.

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