The c-fos cyclic AMP-responsive element conveys constitutive expression to a tissue-specific promoter

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2402-2406
Author(s):  
K A Webster ◽  
L Kedes
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Actin Promoter ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Alpha Actin

The c-fos and cardiac alpha-actin promoters share homologous 5' protein binding elements that are essential for serum-inducible and tissue-specific expression, respectively. Additional elements, auxiliary proteins or factor modifications, must distinguish the individual transcriptional responses of these two promoters. An element in the c-fos basal promoter that is normally responsible for transient stimulation of the fos gene in response to Ca2+ or cyclic AMP (CRE) may be able to modulate the expression of the upstream elements. We report here that this element, when inserted into the cardiac alpha-actin promoter, conveys constitutive expression to this otherwise highly restricted promoter. Additional data support the proposal that the CRE binding protein creates an alternative pathway whereby upstream regulatory elements in the cardiac alpha-actin promoter can activate transcription in a manner which circumvents the requirement for a tissue-specific environment.

scholarly journals The c-fos cyclic AMP-responsive element conveys constitutive expression to a tissue-specific promoter.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2402-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Webster ◽  
L Kedes
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Actin Promoter ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Alpha Actin

The c-fos and cardiac alpha-actin promoters share homologous 5' protein binding elements that are essential for serum-inducible and tissue-specific expression, respectively. Additional elements, auxiliary proteins or factor modifications, must distinguish the individual transcriptional responses of these two promoters. An element in the c-fos basal promoter that is normally responsible for transient stimulation of the fos gene in response to Ca2+ or cyclic AMP (CRE) may be able to modulate the expression of the upstream elements. We report here that this element, when inserted into the cardiac alpha-actin promoter, conveys constitutive expression to this otherwise highly restricted promoter. Additional data support the proposal that the CRE binding protein creates an alternative pathway whereby upstream regulatory elements in the cardiac alpha-actin promoter can activate transcription in a manner which circumvents the requirement for a tissue-specific environment.

Natural and synthetic DNA elements with the CArG motif differ in expression and protein-binding properties

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 6296-6305
Author(s):  
I M Santoro ◽  
K Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Left Half ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
The Right ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

DNA elements with the CC(A/T)6GG, or CArG, motif occur in promoters that are under different regulatory controls. CArG elements from the skeletal actin, c-fos, and myogenin genes were tested for their abilities to confer tissue-specific expression on reporter genes when the individual elements were situated immediately upstream from a TATA element. The c-fos CArG element, also referred to as the serum response element (SRE), conferred basal, constitutive expression on the test promoter. The CArG motif from the myogenin gene was inactive. The skeletal actin CArG motif functioned as a muscle regulatory element (MRE) in that basal expression was detected only in muscle cultures. Muscle-specific expression from the 28-bp MRE and the 2.3-kb skeletal actin promoter was trans repressed by the Fos and Jun proteins. The expression and factor-binding properties of a series of synthetic CArG elements were analyzed. Muscle-specific expression was conferred by perfect 28-bp palindromes on the left and right halves of the skeletal actin MRE. Chimeric elements of the skeletal actin MRE and the c-fos SRE differed in their expression properties. Muscle-specific expression was observed when the left half of the MRE was fused to the right half of the SRE. Constitutive expression was conferred by a chimera with the right half of the MRE fused to the left half of the SRE and by chimeras which exchanged the central CC(A/T)6GG sequences. At least three distinct proteins specifically bound to these CArG elements. The natural and synthetic CArG elements differed in their affinities for these proteins; however, muscle-specific expression could not be attributed to differences in the binding of a single protein. Furthermore, the MRE did not bind MyoD or the myogenin-E12 heterodimer, indicating that muscle-specific expression from this element does not involve a direct interaction with these helix-loop-helix proteins. These data demonstrate that the conserved CArG motifs form the core of a family of functionally different DNA regulatory elements that may contribute to the tissue-specific expression properties of their cognate promoters.

scholarly journals Natural and synthetic DNA elements with the CArG motif differ in expression and protein-binding properties.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 6296-6305 ◽  
Author(s):  
I M Santoro ◽  
K Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Left Half ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
The Right ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

DNA elements with the CC(A/T)6GG, or CArG, motif occur in promoters that are under different regulatory controls. CArG elements from the skeletal actin, c-fos, and myogenin genes were tested for their abilities to confer tissue-specific expression on reporter genes when the individual elements were situated immediately upstream from a TATA element. The c-fos CArG element, also referred to as the serum response element (SRE), conferred basal, constitutive expression on the test promoter. The CArG motif from the myogenin gene was inactive. The skeletal actin CArG motif functioned as a muscle regulatory element (MRE) in that basal expression was detected only in muscle cultures. Muscle-specific expression from the 28-bp MRE and the 2.3-kb skeletal actin promoter was trans repressed by the Fos and Jun proteins. The expression and factor-binding properties of a series of synthetic CArG elements were analyzed. Muscle-specific expression was conferred by perfect 28-bp palindromes on the left and right halves of the skeletal actin MRE. Chimeric elements of the skeletal actin MRE and the c-fos SRE differed in their expression properties. Muscle-specific expression was observed when the left half of the MRE was fused to the right half of the SRE. Constitutive expression was conferred by a chimera with the right half of the MRE fused to the left half of the SRE and by chimeras which exchanged the central CC(A/T)6GG sequences. At least three distinct proteins specifically bound to these CArG elements. The natural and synthetic CArG elements differed in their affinities for these proteins; however, muscle-specific expression could not be attributed to differences in the binding of a single protein. Furthermore, the MRE did not bind MyoD or the myogenin-E12 heterodimer, indicating that muscle-specific expression from this element does not involve a direct interaction with these helix-loop-helix proteins. These data demonstrate that the conserved CArG motifs form the core of a family of functionally different DNA regulatory elements that may contribute to the tissue-specific expression properties of their cognate promoters.

scholarly journals Starvation resistance and tissue-specific gene expression of stress-related genes in a naturally inbred ant population

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 160062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bos ◽  
Unni Pulliainen ◽  
Liselotte Sundström ◽  
Dalial Freitak
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Starvation Resistance ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Tissues

Starvation is one of the most common and severe stressors in nature. Not only does it lead to death if not alleviated, it also forces the starved individual to allocate resources only to the most essential processes. This creates energetic trade-offs which can lead to many secondary challenges for the individual. These energetic trade-offs could be exacerbated in inbred individuals, which have been suggested to have a less efficient metabolism. Here, we studied the effect of inbreeding on starvation resistance in a natural population of Formica exsecta ants, with a focus on survival and tissue-specific expression of stress, metabolism and immunity-related genes. Starvation led to large tissue-specific changes in gene expression, but inbreeding had little effect on most of the genes studied. Our results illustrate the importance of studying stress responses in different tissues instead of entire organisms.

Tissue-specific and hormonally regulated expression of a rat alpha 2u globulin gene in transgenic mice

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3749-3758
Author(s):  
V da C Soares ◽  
R M Gubits ◽  
P Feigelson ◽  
F Costantini
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Globulin Gene

To investigate the tissue-specific and hormonal regulation of the rat alpha 2u globulin gene family, we introduced one cloned member of the gene family into the mouse germ line and studied its expression in the resulting transgenic mice. Alpha 2u globulingene 207 was microinjected on a 7-kilobase DNA fragment, and four transgenic lines were analyzed. The transgene was expressed at very high levels, specifically in the liver and the preputial gland of adult male mice. The expression in male liver was first detected at puberty, and no expression was detected in female transgenic mice. This pattern of expression is similar to the expression of endogenous alpha 2u globulin genes in the rat but differs from the expression of the homologous mouse major urinary protein (MUP) gene family in that MUPs are synthesized in female liver and not in the male preputial gland. We conclude that these differences between rat alpha 2u globulin and mouse MUP gene expression are due to evolutionary differences in cis-acting regulatory elements. The expression of the alpha 2u globulin transgene in the liver was abolished by castration and fully restored after testosterone replacement. The expression could also be induced in the livers of female mice by treatment with either testosterone or dexamethasone, following ovariectomy and adrenalectomy. Therefore, the cis-acting elements responsible for regulation by these two hormones, as well as those responsible for tissue-specific expression, are closely linked to the alpha 2u globulin gene.

scholarly journals Ksp-cadherin gene promoter. II. Kidney-specific activity in transgenic mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (4) ◽  
pp. F599-F610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Igarashi ◽  
Cooduvalli S. Shashikant ◽  
R. Brent Thomson ◽  
Dilys A. Whyte ◽  
Shuxian Liu-Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific

Kidney-specific cadherin (Ksp-cadherin, cadherin 16) is a tissue-specific member of the cadherin superfamily that is expressed exclusively in the basolateral membrane of tubular epithelial cells in the kidney. To determine the basis for tissue-specific expression of Ksp-cadherin in vivo, we evaluated the activity of the promoter in transgenic mice. Transgenic mice containing 3.3 kb of the mouse Ksp-cadherin promoter and an Escherichia coli lacZ reporter gene were generated by pronuclear microinjection. Assays of β-galactosidase enzyme activity showed that the transgene was expressed exclusively in the kidney in both adult and developing mice. Within the kidney, the transgene was expressed in a subset of renal tubular epithelial cells that endogenously expressed Ksp-cadherin and that were identified as collecting ducts by colabeling with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin. In the developing metanephros, expression of the transgene in the branching ureteric bud correlated with the developmental expression of Ksp-cadherin. Identical patterns of expression were observed in multiple founder mice, indicating that kidney specificity was independent of transgene integration site. However, heterocellular expression was observed consistent with repeat-induced gene silencing. We conclude that the Ksp-cadherin gene promoter directs kidney-specific expression in vivo. Regulatory elements that are sufficient to recapitulate the tissue- and differentiation-specific expression of Ksp-cadherin in the renal collecting duct are located within 3.3 kb upstream to the transcriptional start site.

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