scholarly journals Identification of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α-Responsive HGTD-P Gene as a Mediator in the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 3918-3927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Jung Lee ◽  
Jee-Youn Kim ◽  
Kyoungho Suk ◽  
Jae-Hoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Hypoxic Cell ◽  
Voltage Dependent Anion Channel ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1Α ◽  
P Gene

ABSTRACT Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) controls the cellular responses to hypoxia, activating transcription of a range of genes involved in adaptive processes such as increasing glycolysis and promoting angiogenesis. However, paradoxically, HIF-1α also participates in hypoxic cell death. Several gene products, such as BNip3, RTP801, and Noxa, were identified as HIF-1α-responsive proapoptotic proteins, but the complicated hypoxic cell death pathways could not be completely explained by the few known genes. Moreover, molecules linking the proapoptotic signals of HIF-1α directly to mitochondrial permeability transition are missing. In this work, we report the identification of an HIF-1α-responsive proapoptotic molecule, HGTD-P. Its expression was directly regulated by HIF-1α through a hypoxia-responsive element on the HGTD-P promoter region. When overexpressed, HGTD-P was localized to mitochondria and facilitated apoptotic cell death via typical mitochondrial apoptotic cascades, including permeability transition, cytochrome c release, and caspase 9 activation. In the process of permeability transition induction, the death-inducing domain of HGTD-P physically interacted with the voltage-dependent anion channel. In addition, suppression of HGTD-P expression by small interfering RNA or antisense oligonucleotides protected against hypoxic cell death. Taken together, our data indicate that HGTD-P is a new HIF-1α-responsive proapoptotic molecule that activates mitochondrial apoptotic cascades.

Bcl-2 Family of Proteins: Life-or-Death Switch in Mitochondria

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihide Tsujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Anion Channel ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Outer Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Voltage Dependent Anion Channel ◽  
Membrane Barrier

An increase in the permeability of outer mitochondrial membrane is central to apoptotic cell death, and results in the release of several apoptogenic factors such as cytochrome c into the cytoplasm to activate downstream destructive programs. The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC or mitochondrial porin) plays an essential role in disrupting the mitochondrial membrane barrier and is regulated directly by members of the Bcl-2 family proteins. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members interact with and close the VDAC, whereas some, but not all, proapoptotic members interact with VDAC to open protein-conducting pore through which apoptogenic factors pass. Although the VDAC is involved directly in breaking the mitochondrial membrane barrier and is a known component of the permeability transition pore complex, VDAC-dependent increase in outer membrane permeability can be independent of the permeability transition event such as mitochondrial swelling followed by rupture of the outer mitochondrial membrane. VDAC interacts not only with Bcl-2 family members but also with proteins such as gelsolin, an actin regulatory protein, and appears to be a convergence point for a variety of cell survival and cell death signals.

scholarly journals Cell Death in the Kidney

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Priante ◽  
Lisa Gianesello ◽  
Monica Ceol ◽  
Dorella Del Prete ◽  
Franca Anglani
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Parenchymal Cell ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Regulated Cell Death ◽  
Regulated Necrosis

Apoptotic cell death is usually a response to the cell’s microenvironment. In the kidney, apoptosis contributes to parenchymal cell loss in the course of acute and chronic renal injury, but does not trigger an inflammatory response. What distinguishes necrosis from apoptosis is the rupture of the plasma membrane, so necrotic cell death is accompanied by the release of unprocessed intracellular content, including cellular organelles, which are highly immunogenic proteins. The relative contribution of apoptosis and necrosis to injury varies, depending on the severity of the insult. Regulated cell death may result from immunologically silent apoptosis or from immunogenic necrosis. Recent advances have enhanced the most revolutionary concept of regulated necrosis. Several modalities of regulated necrosis have been described, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition-dependent regulated necrosis. We review the different modalities of apoptosis, necrosis, and regulated necrosis in kidney injury, focusing particularly on evidence implicating cell death in ectopic renal calcification. We also review the evidence for the role of cell death in kidney injury, which may pave the way for new therapeutic opportunities.

Cyclophilin D-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition regulates some necrotic but not apoptotic cell death

Nature ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 434 (7033) ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakagawa ◽  
Shigeomi Shimizu ◽  
Tetsuya Watanabe ◽  
Osamu Yamaguchi ◽  
Kinya Otsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Cyclophilin D ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability

scholarly journals JNK1/2 regulates ER–mitochondrial Ca2+ cross-talk during IL-1β–mediated cell death in RINm5F and human primary β-cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2058-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Verma ◽  
Himanshi Bhatia ◽  
Malabika Datta
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Permeability Transition Pore ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Elevated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induces apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction and subsequent c-jun-N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) activation. In earlier work we showed that JNK1/2 activation is initiated before ER stress and apoptotic induction in response to IL-1β. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms are not completely understood. Because the ER is the organelle responsible for Ca2+ handling and storage, here we examine the effects of IL-1β on cellular Ca2+ movement and mitochondrial dysfunction and evaluate the role of JNK1/2. Our results show that in RINm5F cells and human primary β-cells, IL-1β alters mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, ATP content, and reactive oxygen species production and these alterations are preceded by ER Ca2+ release via IP3R channels and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. All these events are prevented by JNK1/2 small interfering RNA (siRNA), indicating the mediating role of JNK1/2 in IL-1β–induced cellular alteration. This is accompanied by IL-1β–induced apoptosis, which is prevented by JNK1/2 siRNA and the IP3R inhibitor xestospongin C. This suggests a regulatory role of JNK1/2 in modulating the ER-mitochondrial-Ca2+ axis by IL-1β in apoptotic cell death.

scholarly journals Functions of BCL-XLat the Interface between Cell Death and Metabolism

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Michels ◽  
Oliver Kepp ◽  
Laura Senovilla ◽  
Delphine Lissa ◽  
Maria Castedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Anion Channel ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane ◽  
Voltage Dependent Anion Channel ◽  
Regulated Necrosis ◽  
Voltage Dependent

The BCL-2 homolog BCL-XL, one of the two protein products ofBCL2L1, has originally been characterized for its prominent prosurvival functions. Similar to BCL-2, BCL-XLbinds to its multidomain proapoptotic counterparts BAX and BAK, hence preventing the formation of lethal pores in the mitochondrial outer membrane, as well as to multiple BH3-only proteins, thus interrupting apical proapoptotic signals. In addition, BCL-XLhas been suggested to exert cytoprotective functions by sequestering a cytosolic pool of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor p53 and by binding to the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), thereby inhibiting the so-called mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). Thus, BCL-XLappears to play a prominent role in the regulation of multiple distinct types of cell death, including apoptosis and regulated necrosis. More recently, great attention has been given to the cell death-unrelated functions of BCL-2-like proteins. In particular, BCL-XLhas been shown to modulate a number of pathophysiological processes, including—but not limited to—mitochondrial ATP synthesis, protein acetylation, autophagy and mitosis. In this short review article, we will discuss the functions of BCL-XLat the interface between cell death and metabolism.

Confocal microscopy of the mitochondrial permeability transition in necrotic and apoptotic cell death

1999 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 205-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Lemasters ◽  
Ting Qian ◽  
Lawrence C. Trost ◽  
Brian Herman ◽  
Wayne E. Cascio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Matrix Space ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability

Opening of a high-conductance pore in the mitochondrial inner membrane induces onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT). Cyclosporin A and trifluoperazine inhibit this pore and block necrotic cell death in oxidative stress, Ca2+ ionophore toxicity, Reye-related drug toxicity, pH-dependent ischaemia/reperfusion injury and other models of cell injury. Confocal fluorescence microscopy directly visualizes the increased mitochondrial membrane permeability of the mPT from the movement of calcein from the cytosol into the matrix space. Pyridine nucleotide oxidation, increased mitochondrial Ca2+ and mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) all contribute to the onset of the mPT in situ. Confocal microscopy also shows directly that the mPT is a critical link in apoptotic signalling by tumour necrosis factor-alpha at a point downstream of caspase 8 and upstream of caspase 3. Cyclosporin A blocks this mPT, preventing release of pro-apoptotic cytochrome c from mitochondria and subsequent apoptotic cell killing. Progression to necrosis or apoptosis after the mPT depends on the availability of ATP, which blocks necrosis but promotes the apoptotic programme. Given the pathophysiological importance of the mPT, development of agents to modulate the mPT represents an important new goal for pharmaceutical drug discovery.

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