scholarly journals Assembly of the mariner Mos1 Synaptic Complex

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 2861-2870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Augé-Gouillou ◽  
Benjamin Brillet ◽  
Marie-Hélène Hamelin ◽  
Yves Bigot
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Inverted Repeat ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeat ◽  
Synaptic Complex ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Nucleoprotein Complex ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeats ◽  
Terminal Repeats

ABSTRACT The mobility of transposable elements via a cut-and-paste mechanism depends on the elaboration of a nucleoprotein complex known as the synaptic complex. We show here that the Mos1 synaptic complex consists of the two inverted terminal repeats of the element brought together by a transposase tetramer and is designated paired-end complex 2 (PEC2). The assembly of PEC2 requires the formation of a simpler complex, containing one terminal repeat and two transposase molecules and designated single-end complex 2 (SEC2). In light of the formation of SEC2 and PEC2, we demonstrate the presence of two binding sites for the transposase within a single terminal repeat. We have found that the sequence of the Mos1 inverted terminal repeats contains overlapping palindromic and mirror motifs, which could account for the binding of two transposase molecules “side by side” on the same inverted terminal repeat. We provide data indicating that the Mos1 transposase dimer is formed within a single terminal repeat through a cooperative pathway. Finally, the concept of a tetrameric synaptic complex may simply account for the inability of a single mariner transposase molecule to interact at the same time with two kinds of DNA: the inverted repeat and the target DNA.

Sequence Organization and Conservation in sh2/a1-Homologous Regions of Sorghum and Rice

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-443
Author(s):  
Mingsheng Chen ◽  
Phillip SanMiguel ◽  
Jeffrey L Bennetzen
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Inverted Repeat ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Homologous Segment ◽  
Sequence Organization ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

Abstract Previously, we have demonstrated microcolinearity of gene composition and orientation in sh2/a1-homologous regions of the rice, sorghum, and maize genomes. However, the sh2 and a1 homologues are only about 20 kb apart in both rice and sorghum, while they are separated by about 140 kb in maize. In order to further define sequence organization and conservation in sh2/a1-homologous regions, we have completely sequenced a 42,446-bp segment of sorghum DNA. Four genes were identified: a homologue of sh2, two homologues of a1, and a putative transcriptional regulatory gene. A solo long terminal repeat of the retroelement Leviathan was detected between the two a1 homologues, and eight miniature inverted repeat transposable elements were found in this region. Comparison of the sorghum sequence with the sequence of the homologous segment from rice indicated that only the identified genes were evolutionarily conserved between these two species, which have evolved independently for over 50 million years. The introns of the a1 homologues have evolved faster than the introns of the sh2 homologue. The a1 tandem duplication appears to be an ancient event that may have preceded the ancestral divergence of maize, sorghum, and rice.

scholarly journals Cotransfection with adenovirus DNA enhances transcription from linear DNA containing eucaryotic promoters.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069
Author(s):  
M B Vasudevachari ◽  
V Natarajan ◽  
N P Salzman
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase ◽  
Repeat Sequence ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeat ◽  
Adenovirus E1a ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeat Sequence ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeats ◽  
Terminal Repeats

Linear DNAs, containing a copy of the adenovirus serotype 2 (Ad2) inverted terminal repeat sequence at each end, replicate in 293 cells when cotransfected with Ad2 DNA (Hay et al., J. Mol. Biol. 175:493-510, 1984). We have linked either the Ad2 IVa2 promoter (IVa2) or major late promoter (MLP) to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and inserted this DNA into such a plasmid (pARKR) between its two inverted terminal repeats. These recombinant plasmids were linearized and then used to transfect 293 cells in the presence or absence of Ad2 helper DNA. Synthesis of IVa2 and MLP RNAs, and production of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was increased dramatically when the Ad2 DNA was included. However, unlike the patterns of temporal regulation which are seen during a cycle of virus replication when these genes are contained within the virion, there was no obvious difference in the timing of RNA synthesis from plasmid IVa2 or MLP after cotransfection. When linearized plasmids containing IVa2 and MLP sequences but lacking inverted terminal repeats at their ends (replication deficient plasmids) were used for transfection, an increase in RNA synthesis from IVa2 or MLP was also observed and similarly required cotransfection with Ad2 DNA. When HeLa cells, which do not constitutively express the adenovirus E1a gene, were cotransfected with linearized plasmids and adenovirus DNA that lacks the E1a region (H5dl312), a stimulation of transcription was also observed, although it was less than the level observed with wild-type DNA. The results of the present study demonstrate that an early gene product(s) besides E1a functions in trans to regulate transcription.

scholarly journals Characterization of Soymar1, a Mariner Element in Soybean

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1569-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Jarvik ◽  
Karl G Lark
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Transformation Vector ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeats ◽  
Terminal Repeats

Abstract Mariner elements, a family of DNA-mediated transposable elements with short, inverted terminal repeats, have been reported in a wide variety of arthropods, as well as planarians, nematodes, and humans. No such element has been reported in a plant. Here we report a mariner element in the plant soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Although this sequence belongs to the mariner family, it is clearly distinct from previously reported mariner-like elements, as well as from the Tc1 transposon family. Novel aspects of its sequence could be useful as a starting point to identify mariner-like elements in new organisms, and it may prove useful in creating a transformation vector for plants.

Cotransfection with adenovirus DNA enhances transcription from linear DNA containing eucaryotic promoters

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069
Author(s):  
M B Vasudevachari ◽  
V Natarajan ◽  
N P Salzman
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase ◽  
Repeat Sequence ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeat ◽  
Adenovirus E1a ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeat Sequence ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeats ◽  
Terminal Repeats

Linear DNAs, containing a copy of the adenovirus serotype 2 (Ad2) inverted terminal repeat sequence at each end, replicate in 293 cells when cotransfected with Ad2 DNA (Hay et al., J. Mol. Biol. 175:493-510, 1984). We have linked either the Ad2 IVa2 promoter (IVa2) or major late promoter (MLP) to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and inserted this DNA into such a plasmid (pARKR) between its two inverted terminal repeats. These recombinant plasmids were linearized and then used to transfect 293 cells in the presence or absence of Ad2 helper DNA. Synthesis of IVa2 and MLP RNAs, and production of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was increased dramatically when the Ad2 DNA was included. However, unlike the patterns of temporal regulation which are seen during a cycle of virus replication when these genes are contained within the virion, there was no obvious difference in the timing of RNA synthesis from plasmid IVa2 or MLP after cotransfection. When linearized plasmids containing IVa2 and MLP sequences but lacking inverted terminal repeats at their ends (replication deficient plasmids) were used for transfection, an increase in RNA synthesis from IVa2 or MLP was also observed and similarly required cotransfection with Ad2 DNA. When HeLa cells, which do not constitutively express the adenovirus E1a gene, were cotransfected with linearized plasmids and adenovirus DNA that lacks the E1a region (H5dl312), a stimulation of transcription was also observed, although it was less than the level observed with wild-type DNA. The results of the present study demonstrate that an early gene product(s) besides E1a functions in trans to regulate transcription.

scholarly journals Successful Invasions of Short Internally Deleted Elements (SIDEs) and Its Partner CR1 in Lepidoptera Insects

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2505-2516
Author(s):  
Ping-Lan Wang ◽  
Andrea Luchetti ◽  
Angelo Alberto Ruggieri ◽  
Xiao-Min Xiong ◽  
Min-Rui-Xuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Inverted Repeat ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Dna Transposons ◽  
Chicken Repeat ◽  
Evolution Dynamics

Abstract Although DNA transposons often generated internal deleted derivatives such as miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements, short internally deleted elements (SIDEs) derived from nonlong terminal-repeat retrotransposons are rare. Here, we found a novel SIDE, named Persaeus, that originated from the chicken repeat 1 (CR1) retrotransposon Zenon and it has been found widespread in Lepidoptera insects. Our findings suggested that Persaeus and the partner Zenon have experienced a transposition burst in their host genomes and the copy number of Persaeus and Zenon in assayed genomes are significantly correlated. Accordingly, the activity though age analysis indicated that the replication wave of Persaeus coincided with that of Zenon. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that Persaeus may have evolved at least four times independently, and that it has been vertically transferred into its host genomes. Together, our results provide new insights into the evolution dynamics of SIDEs and its partner non-LTRs.

Inverted terminal repeats in rabbit poxvirus and vaccinia virus DNA.

1978 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Wittek ◽  
A Menna ◽  
H K Müller ◽  
D Schümperli ◽  
P G Boseley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeats ◽  
Terminal Repeats
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