scholarly journals Cutibacterium acnes Induces the Expression of Immunosuppressive Genes in Macrophages and is Associated with an Increase of Regulatory T-Cells in Prostate Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Davidsson ◽  
Jessica Carlsson ◽  
Larry Greenberg ◽  
Jonny Wijkander ◽  
Bo Söderquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Immunosuppressive Cells

In an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment constituted by immunosuppressive cells and immunosuppressive mediators, tumors may improve their ability to give rise to a clinically relevant cancer. In the present study, we found that C. acnes might contribute to an immunosuppressive environment by recruiting regulatory T cells and by increasing the expression of immunosuppressive mediators such as PD-L1, CCL17, and CCL 18.

scholarly journals Regulatory T Cells: Barriers of Immune Infiltration Into the Tumor Microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen N. Scott ◽  
Angela M. Gocher ◽  
Creg J. Workman ◽  
Dario A. A. Vignali
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Promote Tumor Growth ◽  
Immune Cell Migration ◽  
Immunosuppressive Cells ◽  
Metabolic Disruption ◽  
Effector Immune Response

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key immunosuppressive cells that promote tumor growth by hindering the effector immune response. Tregs utilize multiple suppressive mechanisms to inhibit pro-inflammatory responses within the tumor microenvironment (TME) by inhibition of effector function and immune cell migration, secretion of inhibitory cytokines, metabolic disruption and promotion of metastasis. In turn, Tregs are being targeted in the clinic either alone or in combination with other immunotherapies, in efforts to overcome the immunosuppressive TME and increase anti-tumor effects. However, it is now appreciated that Tregs not only suppress cells intratumorally via direct engagement, but also serve as key interactors in the peritumor, stroma, vasculature and lymphatics to limit anti-tumor immune responses prior to tumor infiltration. We will review the suppressive mechanisms that Tregs utilize to alter immune and non-immune cells outside and within the TME and discuss how these mechanisms collectively allow Tregs to create and promote a physical and biological barrier, resulting in an immune-excluded or limited tumor microenvironment.

scholarly journals M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells in lethal prostate cancer

The Prostate ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Erlandsson ◽  
Jessica Carlsson ◽  
Marie Lundholm ◽  
Anna Fält ◽  
Sven-Olof Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
M2 Macrophages ◽  
Lethal Prostate Cancer

scholarly journals Targeting regulatory T cells for immunotherapy in melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Huang ◽  
Yeye Guo ◽  
Shujing Liu ◽  
Huaishan Wang ◽  
Jinjin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Therapeutic Antibodies ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Fine Tune

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential in the maintenance of immunity, and they are also a key to immune suppressive microenvironment in solid tumors. Many studies have revealed the biology of Tregs in various human pathologies. Here we review recent understandings of the immunophenotypes and suppressive functions of Tregs in melanoma, including Treg recruitment and expansion in a tumor. Tregs are frequently accumulated in melanoma and the ratio of CD8+ T cells versus Tregs in the melanoma is predictive for patient survival. Hence, depletion of Tregs is a promising strategy for the enhancement of anti-melanoma immunity. Many recent studies are aimed to target Tregs in melanoma. Distinguishing Tregs from other immune cells and understanding the function of different subsets of Tregs may contribute to better therapeutic efficacy. Depletion of functional Tregs from the tumor microenvironment has been tested to induce clinically relevant immune responses against melanomas. However, the lack of Treg specific therapeutic antibodies or Treg specific depleting strategies is a big hurdle that is yet to be overcome. Additional studies to fine-tune currently available therapies and more agents that specifically and selectively target tumor infiltrating Tregs in melanoma are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Remodulation of the tumor microenvironment by regulatory T cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Maria Chikina ◽  
Creg J Workman ◽  
Dario AA Vignali
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Regulatory T Cells

Increased infiltration of CCR4‐positive regulatory T cells in prostate cancer tissue is associated with a poor prognosis

The Prostate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (14) ◽  
pp. 1658-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahito Watanabe ◽  
Kent Kanao ◽  
Susumu Suzuki ◽  
Hiroyuki Muramatsu ◽  
Singo Morinaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Prostate Cancer Tissue

Metronomic cyclophosphamide induces regulatory T cells depletion and PSA‐specific T cells reactivation in patients with biochemical recurrent prostate cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205
Author(s):  
Caroline Laheurte ◽  
Antoine Thiery‐Vuillemin ◽  
Fabien Calcagno ◽  
Anna Legros ◽  
Harmonie Simonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Recurrent Prostate Cancer ◽  
Metronomic Cyclophosphamide
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