Glucose Absorption in the Rat Small Intestine under Experimental Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of DM and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Because it is a progressive disease, prevention, early detection and disease course modification are possible. Diet plays a critical role in reducing T2DM risk. Therapeutic dietary approaches routinely recommend diets high in plant foods (i.e., vegetables, fruits, whole-grains). In addition to essential micronutrients and fiber, plant-based diets contain a wide-variety of polyphenols, specifically flavonoid compounds. Evidence suggests that flavonoids may confer specific benefits for T2DM risk reduction through pathways influencing glucose absorption and insulin sensitivity and/or secretion. The present review assesses the relationship between dietary flavonoids and diabetes risk reduction reviewing current epidemiology and clinical research. Collectively, the research indicates that certain flavonoids, explicitly anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols and foods rich in these compounds, may have an important role in dietary algorithms aimed to address diabetes risk factors and the development of T2DM.

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Mecanismos moleculares e funcionais envolvidos na quebra de barreira epitelial intestinal mediada pela junção de oclusão e sua possível contribuição para a evolução do diabetes melito tipo 2 experimental Molecular and functional mechanisms involved in the tight junction-mediated intestinal epithelial barrier disruption and its possible role in the evolution of experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus

10.47749/t/unicamp.2019.1095839 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Joquebede Caroline Pessoa do Nascimento

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Tight Junction ◽

Epithelial Barrier ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽

Experimental Type ◽

Functional Mechanisms

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Experimental Type 2 Diabetes Induces Enzymatic Changes in Isolated Rat Enterocytes

Experimental Diabesity Research ◽

10.1155/edr.2003.119 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 119-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Isabel M. Martínez ◽

Inmaculada Morales ◽

Guadalupe García-Pino ◽

José E. Campillo ◽

María A. Tormo

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Experimental Type ◽

Enzymatic Changes ◽

Rat Enterocytes ◽

Intestinal Disaccharidases

Diabetes in humans and in experimental animals produces changes in the function and structure of the small intestine. The authors determined the activity of intestinal disaccharidases (maltase and sucrase) and of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1) in enterocytes isolated from the small intestine of male Wistar rats (2.5 to 3 months old) with experimental nonobese type 2 diabetes, induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection on the day of birth (n0-STZ) or on the 5th day of life (n5-STZ), with different degrees of hyperglycemia and insulinemia (n0-STZ and n5-STZ models). The glycemia (mmol/L) of the diabetic rats (n0-STZ: 8.77 ± 0.47; n5-STZ: 20.83 ± 0.63) was higher (P< .01) than that of the nondiabetic (ND) rats (5.99 ± 0.63); on the contrary, the insulinemia (ng/mL) was significantly lower in both n0-STZ (1.74 ± 0.53;P< .05) and n5-STZ (1.12 ± 0.44;P< .01) diabetic rats than in normal rats (3.77 ± 0.22). The sucrase and maltase activities (U/g protein) in diabetic rats (n0-STZ: 89 ± 9 and 266 ± 12; n5-STZ: 142 ± 23 and 451 ± 57) were significantly higher than those in the ND group (66 ± 5 and 228 ± 22). The PFK-1 activities (mU/mg protein) in the diabetic models (n0-STZ: 14.89 ± 1.51; n5-STZ: 13.35 ± 3.12) were significantly lower (P< .05) than in ND rats (20.54 ± 2.83). The data demonstrated enzymatic alterations in enterocytes isolated fromthe small intestine of n0-STZ rats that are greater (P< .05) than in the more hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic n5-STZ animals. The results also show that nonobese type 2–like diabetes in the rat produces modifications that favor an increase in glucose absorption rates.

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Effect of nettle, burdock, dandelion and galega water extracts on postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2011-3-87-89 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 87-89

Author(s):

O. N. Nasanova

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Low Density Lipoproteins ◽

Postprandial Hyperglycemia ◽

Low Density ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Postprandial Triglycerides ◽

Experimental Type

In experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus, caused in rats with streptozotocine intraperitoneal injection, the nettle and galega water extracts decrease, burdock extract increases the postprandial triglycerides level, nettle extract decrease the summary blood content of very low density and low density lipoproteins. The dandelion extract doesn’t change the disturbed blood glucose and lipid content.

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