Small intestine proteomics coupled with serum metabolomics reveal disruption of amino acid metabolism in Chinese hamsters with type 2 diabetes mellitus

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a delta amino acid naturally present in every living cell of the human body. 5-ALA is produced in the mitochondria as the first product of the porphyrin synthesis pathway and composes heme; exogenously supplemented 5-ALA helps in upregulating mitochondrial functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Thus, in this review, we evaluate the mechanisms of action and adverse effects of common medications used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as 5-ALA including its mechanism and possible use in diabetes management.

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Quantitative metabolomic and lipidomic profiling reveals aberrant amino acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes

Molecular BioSystems ◽

10.1039/c2mb25384d ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 307-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Prabhjit Kaur ◽

Nasser Rizk ◽

Sereen Ibrahim ◽

Yue Luo ◽

Noura Younes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism

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Metabolic effects of orally administered amino acid mixture in elderly subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus

The American Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.11.006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 93 (8) ◽

pp. 23-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sebastiano B Solerte ◽

Carmine Gazzaruso ◽

Nicola Schifino ◽

Eleonora Locatelli ◽

Tamara Destro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Mixture ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Acid Mixture

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Relationships With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of the Basic Parameters of Urine Acid Metabolism With Indicators of Insulin Resistance

Bulletin of Science and Practice ◽

10.33619/2414-2948/50/13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 122-128

Author(s):

I. Madyanov

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Tyg Index ◽

Insulin Dependent

Hyperuricemia (HU) occurs in one third of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2). The formation of HU in DM 2 is due to metabolic factors and impaired renal function. At the stage of prediabetes, GU reveals a connection with insulin resistance (IR), it is not clear to what extent this phenomenon is associated with an increase in uricemia in DM 2. Direct assessment of IR in patients with DM 2 is difficult. There are methods for indirect estimation of IR based on the calculation of indices using the results of simple laboratory tests. These indices are based on the determination of fasting plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) — TG/HDL-C, TG and glucose — TyG index, as well as TG, HDL-C and glucose — MI (metabolic index). The aim of the study was to study the relationship in patients DM 2 between the main indicators of uric acid metabolism and the TG/HDL-C index, TyG index, and MI. 368 patients with DM 2 an average age of 55.8 years, and an average disease duration of 7.2 years were examined. There were 147 men, 221 women. The connection of uricemia with TG/HDL-C was established (Rs=0.2, p=0.03). In the non-insulin-dependent course of DM 2, uricemia was positively correlated with TG/HDL-C (Rs=0.21, p=0.03), negative relations of renal clearance of urates with TG/HDL-C (Rs=0.34, p=0.007) and fractional clearance of urates with TyG (Rs =−0.27, p=0.007) were recorded. In the insulin-dependent course of DM 2, a positive association of TyG with uricuria (Rs=0.44, p=0.03) and a negative correlation with GGFRT, the main enzyme for purine reuse (Rs=−0.44, p=0.03), were revealed. The results obtained do not contradict the previously established patterns of uric acid metabolism in DM 2. The conclusion is made on the feasibility of using the TG/HDL-C index as an indicator of metabolic disorders of uric acid and IR in DM 2. In the insulin-dependent course of DM2, TyG index becomes important, an increase in which is associated with increased catabolism of purines and their insufficient reutilization.

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Assessment of the amino acid profile in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

International Health ◽

10.1093/inthealth/ihaa083 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Natthida Sriboonvorakul ◽

Wirichada Pan-Ngum ◽

Kittiyod Poovorawan ◽

Markus Winterberg ◽

Joel Tarning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Subgroup Analyses

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem. Early identification of those at risk is necessary to prevent its onset through lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions. T2DM is characterized by metabolic abnormalities, including protein metabolism. Evaluation of the amino acid profile might be beneficial for early assessment. Methods Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to separate and quantify plasma amino acids from two groups of Thai individuals, patients with T2DM (n=103) and healthy individuals (n=104). Multivariate analysis was applied to compare free amino acid levels between groups. Subgroup analyses of patients with T2DM were performed to assess the association between amino acid profiles and important T2DM clinical characteristics. Results The multivariate analysis showed that glutamic acid was significantly associated with T2DM (OR 1.113, 95% CI 1.006 to 1.231) and results from the subgroup analyses showed that this correlation was significant in all subgroups of patients (p<0.05). Conclusions This finding needs to be confirmed in larger groups of patients with T2DM to explore glutamic acid as a biomarker for early prevention in particular at-risk groups. An in-depth understanding of the involvement of glutamic acid in T2DM could enhance our understanding of the disease and potentially provide novel interventions.

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Associations of network-derived metabolite clusters with prevalent type 2 diabetes among adults of Puerto Rican descent

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e002298

Author(s):

Danielle E Haslam ◽

Liming Liang ◽

Dong D Wang ◽

Rachel S Kelly ◽

Clemens Wittenbecher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Puerto Rican ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Blood Draw

IntroductionWe investigated whether network analysis revealed clusters of coregulated metabolites associated with prevalent type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Puerto Rican adults.Research design and methodsWe used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure fasting plasma metabolites (>600) among participants aged 40–75 years in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS; discovery) and San Juan Overweight Adult Longitudinal Study (SOALS; replication), with (n=357; n=77) and without (n=322; n=934) T2D, respectively. Among BPRHS participants, we used unsupervised partial correlation network-based methods to identify and calculate metabolite cluster scores. Logistic regression was used to assess cross-sectional associations between metabolite clusters and prevalent T2D at the baseline blood draw in the BPRHS, and significant associations were replicated in SOALS. Inverse-variance weighted random-effect meta-analysis was used to combine cohort-specific estimates.ResultsSix metabolite clusters were significantly associated with prevalent T2D in the BPRHS and replicated in SOALS (false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05). In a meta-analysis of the two cohorts, the OR and 95% CI (per 1 SD increase in cluster score) for prevalent T2D were as follows for clusters characterized primarily by glucose transport (0.21 (0.16 to 0.30); FDR <0.0001), sphingolipids (0.40 (0.29 to 0.53); FDR <0.0001), acyl cholines (0.35 (0.22 to 0.56); FDR <0.0001), sugar metabolism (2.28 (1.68 to 3.09); FDR <0.0001), branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (2.22 (1.60 to 3.08); FDR <0.0001), and fatty acid biosynthesis (1.54 (1.29 to 1.85); FDR <0.0001). Three additional clusters characterized by amino acid metabolism, cell membrane components, and aromatic amino acid metabolism displayed significant associations with prevalent T2D in the BPRHS, but these associations were not replicated in SOALS.ConclusionsAmong Puerto Rican adults, we identified several known and novel metabolite clusters that associated with prevalent T2D.

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