scholarly journals Experimental Type 2 Diabetes Induces Enzymatic Changes in Isolated Rat Enterocytes

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel M. Martínez ◽  
Inmaculada Morales ◽  
Guadalupe García-Pino ◽  
José E. Campillo ◽  
María A. Tormo
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Type ◽  
Enzymatic Changes ◽  
Rat Enterocytes ◽  
Intestinal Disaccharidases

Diabetes in humans and in experimental animals produces changes in the function and structure of the small intestine. The authors determined the activity of intestinal disaccharidases (maltase and sucrase) and of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1) in enterocytes isolated from the small intestine of male Wistar rats (2.5 to 3 months old) with experimental nonobese type 2 diabetes, induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection on the day of birth (n0-STZ) or on the 5th day of life (n5-STZ), with different degrees of hyperglycemia and insulinemia (n0-STZ and n5-STZ models). The glycemia (mmol/L) of the diabetic rats (n0-STZ: 8.77 ± 0.47; n5-STZ: 20.83 ± 0.63) was higher (P< .01) than that of the nondiabetic (ND) rats (5.99 ± 0.63); on the contrary, the insulinemia (ng/mL) was significantly lower in both n0-STZ (1.74 ± 0.53;P< .05) and n5-STZ (1.12 ± 0.44;P< .01) diabetic rats than in normal rats (3.77 ± 0.22). The sucrase and maltase activities (U/g protein) in diabetic rats (n0-STZ: 89 ± 9 and 266 ± 12; n5-STZ: 142 ± 23 and 451 ± 57) were significantly higher than those in the ND group (66 ± 5 and 228 ± 22). The PFK-1 activities (mU/mg protein) in the diabetic models (n0-STZ: 14.89 ± 1.51; n5-STZ: 13.35 ± 3.12) were significantly lower (P< .05) than in ND rats (20.54 ± 2.83). The data demonstrated enzymatic alterations in enterocytes isolated fromthe small intestine of n0-STZ rats that are greater (P< .05) than in the more hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic n5-STZ animals. The results also show that nonobese type 2–like diabetes in the rat produces modifications that favor an increase in glucose absorption rates.

Glucose Absorption in the Rat Small Intestine under Experimental Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-157
Author(s):  
L. V. Gromova ◽  
A. S. Polozov ◽  
O. V. Kornyushin ◽  
N. M. Grefner ◽  
Yu. V. Dmitrieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Experimental Type

scholarly journals Leaf Extracts of Anchomanes difformis Ameliorated Kidney and Pancreatic Damage in Type 2 Diabetes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Toyin Dorcas Alabi ◽  
Nicole L. Brooks ◽  
Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Pancreatic Damage ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
End Stage

Kidney disease in diabetes is one of the common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus implicated in end-stage renal failure. This study explored the ability of Anchomanes difformis to ameliorate kidney and pancreatic damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus using male Wistar rats. Two weeks of fructose (10%) administration followed by streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) were used to induce type 2 diabetes. Leaf extract (aqueous) of Anchomanes difformis (200 mg and 400 mg/kgBW) was administered orally for six weeks. Body weights were monitored, urea and creatinine were measured. Interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and TNFα were measured in the kidney lysate. CAT, SOD, ORAC, FRAP, and MDA levels were also evaluated in the kidney. Transcription factors (Nrf2 and NF-ĸB/p65) and apoptotic markers (Bcl2 and caspase 3) were investigated in the kidney. Histological sections of the pancreas and kidney tissues were examined for any visible pathology. Supplementation with Anchomanesdifformis enhanced antioxidant status, modulated inflammatory response, and reduced apoptosis in the kidney. It also restored the kidney and pancreatic histoarchitecture of the treated diabetic rats. The pathophysiology associated with diabetic nephropathy and pancreatic damage showcase the importance of exploring the use of antidiabetic, nephroprotective agents such as Anchomanes difformis to kidney damage in type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and Biochemical Evaluation of Antidiabetic Properties of a New Zinc-Diosmin Complex Studied in High Fat Diet Fed-Low Dose Streptozotocin Induced Experimental Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerasamy Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Subramanian Iyyam Pillai ◽  
Sorimuthu Pillai Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Experimental Type

In view of the established antidiabetic properties of zinc, the present study was aimed at evaluating the hypoglycemic properties of a new zinc-diosmin complex in high fat diet fed-low dose streptozotocin induced experimental type 2 diabetes in rats. Zinc-diosmin complex was synthesized and characterized by various spectral studies. The complexation between zinc ions and diosmin was further evidenced by pH-potentiometric titrations and Job’s plot. Diabetic rats were orally treated with zinc-diosmin complex at a concentration of 20 mg/kg b.w./rat/day for 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, HOMA-IR and various biochemical parameters related to glucose homeostasis were analyzed. Treatment with zinc-diosmin complex significantly improved the glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats. Treatment with zinc-diosmin complex significantly improved insulin sensitivity, at least in part, through enhancing protein metabolism and alteration in the levels of muscle and liver glycogen. The assay of clinical marker enzymes revealed the nontoxic nature of the complex. Determination of renal tissue markers such as blood urea and serum creatinine indicates the renoprotective nature of the complex. These findings suggest that zinc-diosmin complex is nontoxic and has complimentary potential to develop as an antihyperglycemic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC PROPERTIES OF GOA-111, A MIXTURE OF GYMNEMA SYLVESTRAE, OCIMUM SANCTUM AND AZADIRACHTA INDICA EXTRACT IN THE RATIO OF 1:1:1 STUDIED IN HIGH FAT DIET FED- LOW DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL TYPE 2 DIABETES IN RAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Sathyanarayan ◽  
K. Sadasivan Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Experimental Type

Diabetes mellitus emerges from multiple biochemical and cellular impairments, including decreased insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells and impaired insulin action in peripheral tissues. The present study was systematically carried out to evaluate antidiabetic and  antidyslipidemic properties of GOA-111,a herbal extract containing a mixture of Gymnema sylvestrae, Ocimum sanctum leaves and seed kernel of Azadirachta indica  in the ratio of 1:1:1 in ameliorating both the primary and secondary complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in high fat diet fed low dose streptozotocin induced diabetic rats Experimental type 2 diabetes was induced with a low dose streptozotocin in rats  fed on a high fat diet. Diabetic rats were treated with three different doses GOA 111  (150,300 and 450 mg/Kg b.wt/rat/day)   for 30 days. The toxicological parameters such as AST, ALT and ALP were assayed. Biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, insulin resistance and lipid profile were measured. Oral treatment with GOA 111 significantly decreased the elevated levels of fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, AST, ALT and ALP. The insulin level was improved in insulin resistant diabetic rats.  GOA 111 also normalized the lipid profile. Though the  results showed a dose dependent impact on the parameters, a dose of  300mg/Kg B/W/rat/day GOA 111 exerts maximum potential anti-hyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects in HFD/STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Key words: GOA 111; High fat diet; Streptozotocin; antidiabetic; antidyslipidemic

scholarly journals The Influence of Goat Milk and Soybean Milk Kefir On IL-6 and Crp Levels in Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Agatha Swasti Ayuning Tyas ◽  
Scolastika Dita Kristian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Soybean Milk ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Background and Aims: Hyperglycemia increases inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Goat and soybean milks have been known to reduce inflammation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of goat milk and soybean milk kefir on IL-6 and CRP levels in diabetic rats. Materials and Method: A total of 25 male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: 1) normal rats; 2) diabetic rats; 3) diabetic rats with intake of goat milk kefir; 4) diabetic rats with intake of soybean milk kefir; and 5) diabetic rats with combination of both types of kefir. Before kefir administration for 4 weeks, plasma glucose was measured. After treatment, plasma glucose, CRP and IL-6 levels were assessed. Results: There was a significant decline of plasma glucose in diabetic rats with goat milk kefir (p=0.021), and in diabetic rats with the combination of both goat milk and soybean milk kefir (p<0.001). After treatment, CRP level in diabetic rats was significantly higher when compared with those that had goat milk kefir (p=0.043). All of diabetic rats with kefir had IL-6 values significantly lower than diabetic rats without it (p=0.021). Conclusion: Both goat milk and soybean milk kefir can reduce IL-6 level, but only goat milk kefir can reduce CRP in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Uninephrectomized High-Fat-Fed Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: A Model for the Investigation of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina K. Bayrasheva ◽  
Alina Yu. Babenko ◽  
Vladimir A. Dobronravov ◽  
Yuri V. Dmitriev ◽  
Svetlana G. Chefu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Tubular Injury ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alimentary Obesity ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Type 2 diabetes (DM2) could be reproduced in rats with alimentary obesity by using low doses of streptozotocin (LD-STZ) as well as STZ in high doses with preliminary nicotinamide (NA) administration. However, STZ could induce tubulotoxicity.Aim. To develop rat model of DN in NA-STZ-induced DM2 and compare it with LD-STZ-model in order to choose the most relevant approach for reproducing renal glomerular and tubular morphofunctional diabetic changes. Starting at 3 weeks after uninephrectomy, adult male Wistar rats were fed five-week high-fat diet and then received intraperitoneally either LD-STZ (40 mg/kg) or NA (230 mg/kg) followed by STZ (65 mg/kg). Control uninephrectomized vehicle-injected rats received normal chow. At weeks 10, 20, and 30 (the end of the study), metabolic parameters, creatinine clearance, albuminuria, and urinary tubular injury markers (NGAL, KIM-1) were evaluated as well as renal ultrastructural and light microscopic changes at weeks 20 and 30. NA-STZ-group showed higher reproducibility and stability of metabolic parameters. By week 10, in NA-STZ-group NGAL level was significantly lower compared to LD-STZ-group. By week 30, diabetic groups showed early features of DN. However, morphofunctional changes in NA-STZ-group appeared to be more pronounced than those in STZ-group despite lower levels of KIM-1 and NGAL. We proposed a new rat model of DM2 with DN characterized by stable metabolic disorders, typical renal lesions, and lower levels of tubular injury markers as compared to LD-STZ-induced diabetes.

Blockade of Renin Angiotensin System Ameliorates the Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sympathetic Neural Remodeling in Hearts of Type 2 DM Rat Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yomna M. Yehya ◽  
Abdelaziz M. Hussein ◽  
Khaled Ezam ◽  
Elsayed A. Eid ◽  
Eman M. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Diabetes Induction

Objectives:: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockade on cardiac arrhythmias and sympathetic nerve remodelling in heart tissues of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods:: Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups; a) normal control group: normal rats, b) DM group; after type 2 diabetes induction, rats received 2ml oral saline daily for 4 weeks, c) DM+ ACEi: after type 2 diabetes induction, rats were treated with enalapril (10 mg/kg, orally for 4 weeks) and d) DM+ ARBs: after type 2 diabetes induction, rats were treated with losartan (30 mg/kg, orally for 4 weeks). Results:: In type 2 diabetic rats, the results demonstrated significant prolongation in Q-T interval and elevation of blood sugar, HOMA-IR index, TC, TGs, LDL, serum CK-MB, myocardial damage, myocardial MDA, myocardial norepinephrine and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) density with significant reduction in serum HDL, serum insulin and myocardial GSH and CAT. On the other hand, blockade of RAS at the level of either ACE by enalapril or angiotensin (Ag) receptors by losartan resulted in significant improvement in ECG parameters (Q-T), cardiac enzymes (CK-MB), cardiac morphology, myocardial oxidative stress (low MDA, high CAT and GSH) and myocardial TH density. Conclusions:: RAS plays a role in the cardiac sympathetic nerve sprouting and cardiac arrhythmias induced by type 2 DM and its blockade might have a cardioprotective effect via attenuation of sympathetic nerve fibres remodelling, myocardial norepinephrine contents and oxidative stress.

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