Reactive distillation involving multiple chemical reactions: Principles of statics analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Pisarenko ◽  
L. A. Serafimov ◽  
N. N. Kulov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Reactive Distillation ◽  
Multiple Chemical

Networking Chemical Robots Using Twitter for #RealTimeChem

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Caramelli ◽  
Daniel Salley ◽  
Alon Henson ◽  
Gerardo Aragon Camarasa ◽  
Salah Sharabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Game Playing ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Azo Coupling ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Multiple Chemical

<p>Herein we present a chemistry capable robot built with a standard set of hardware and software protocols that can be networked to coordinate many chemical experiments in real time, such that the different chemical reactions can be distributed over many sites simultaneously. We demonstrate how multiple chemical processes can be done with two internet connected robots collaboratively, exploring a set of azo-coupling reactions in a fraction of time needed for a single robot, as well as encoding and decoding information into a network of oscillating BZ reactions transferring a message between two different locations using chemical reactions. The system can also be used to assess the reproducibility of chemical reactions and discover new reaction outcomes using game playing to explore a list of reaction conditions not accessible when the robots instead take it in turn to each a pre-define reaction from a list.<br></p>

scholarly journals Networking Chemical Robots Using Twitter for #RealTimeChem

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Caramelli ◽  
Daniel Salley ◽  
Alon Henson ◽  
Gerardo Aragon Camarasa ◽  
Salah Sharabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Game Playing ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Azo Coupling ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Multiple Chemical

<p>Herein we present a chemistry capable robot built with a standard set of hardware and software protocols that can be networked to coordinate many chemical experiments in real time, such that the different chemical reactions can be distributed over many sites simultaneously. We demonstrate how multiple chemical processes can be done with two internet connected robots collaboratively, exploring a set of azo-coupling reactions in a fraction of time needed for a single robot, as well as encoding and decoding information into a network of oscillating BZ reactions transferring a message between two different locations using chemical reactions. The system can also be used to assess the reproducibility of chemical reactions and discover new reaction outcomes using game playing to explore a list of reaction conditions not accessible when the robots instead take it in turn to each a pre-define reaction from a list.<br></p>

scholarly journals Solution of Nonlinear Polarization Boundary Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Chisholm ◽  
L.J. Gray ◽  
G.E. Giles
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Boundary Integral ◽  
Electrochemical Polarization ◽  
Nonlinear Polarization ◽  
Electrode Surfaces ◽  
Boundary Integral Formulation ◽  
Multiple Chemical ◽  
Electrospray Emitter

An efficient algorithm for solving multiple reaction electrochemical polarization equations is presented. The boundary integral formulation for the electric field (Laplace equation) conveniently provides a direct relationship between potential and current at the electrode surfaces, which can then be coupled to the nonlinear polarization boundary conditions. As a consequence, a successful Gauss-Seidel type iteration, incorporating a nonlinear solve at each step, can be developed. Results are presented for the modeling multiple chemical reactions in an electrospray emitter tube.

Surface reactions observed by photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM)

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
H.H. Rotermund
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Clean Surface ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Single Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Photoemission Electron

Chemical reactions at a surface will in most cases show a measurable influence on the work function of the clean surface. This change of the work function δφ can be used to image the local distributions of the investigated reaction,.if one of the reacting partners is adsorbed at the surface in form of islands of sufficient size (Δ>0.2μm). These can than be visualized via a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM). Changes of φ as low as 2 meV give already a change in the total intensity of a PEEM picture. To achieve reasonable contrast for an image several 10 meV of δφ are needed. Dynamic processes as surface diffusion of CO or O on single crystal surfaces as well as reaction / diffusion fronts have been observed in real time and space.

Microwaves: Application in Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Anthony S-Y Leong ◽  
David W Gove
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Tissue Fixation ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Dipolar Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cryostat Sections

Microwaves (MW) are electromagnetic waves which are commonly generated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. When dipolar molecules such as water, the polar side chains of proteins and other molecules with an uneven distribution of electrical charge are exposed to such non-ionizing radiation, they oscillate through 180° at a rate of 2,450 million cycles/s. This rapid kinetic movement results in accelerated chemical reactions and produces instantaneous heat. MWs have recently been applied to a wide range of procedures for light microscopy. MWs generated by domestic ovens have been used as a primary method of tissue fixation, it has been applied to the various stages of tissue processing as well as to a wide variety of staining procedures. This use of MWs has not only resulted in drastic reductions in the time required for tissue fixation, processing and staining, but have also produced better cytologic images in cryostat sections, and more importantly, have resulted in better preservation of cellular antigens.

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