Membrane Extraction of Ag(I), Co(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) Ions with Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid under Conditions of Electrodialysis with Metal Electrodeposition

Restoration of decayed teeth with tooth-colored materials that can be bonded to tooth tissue has been a highly desirable property in restorative dentistry for many years. Advantages of such an adhesive restorative technique over conventional techniques using non-adhesive metal-based restoratives include improved restoration retention with minimal sacrifice of sound tooth tissue for retention purposes, superior adaptation and sealing of the restoration margins in prevention of caries recurrence, improved stress distribution across the tooth-restoration interface throughout the whole tooth, and even reinforcement of weakened tooth structures. The dental adhesive technology is rapidly changing. An efficient resin bond to enamel has already long been achieved. Its bonding mechanism has been fully elucidated and has proven to be a durable and reliable clinical treatment. However, bonding to dentin represents a greater challenge. After the failures of a dentin acid-etch technique in imitation of the enamel phosphoric-acid-etch technique and a bonding procedure based on chemical adhesion, modern dentin adhesives are currently believed to bond to dentin by a micromechanical hybridization process. This process is developed by an initial demineralization of the dentin surface layer with acid etchants exposing a collagen fibril arrangement with interfibrillar microporosities that subsequently become impregnated by low-viscosity monomers. Although the development of such a hybridization process has well been documented in the literature, questions remain with respect to parameters of-primary importance to adhesive efficacy.

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If Our Cereal Harvest Should Descend on New York City, Phosphoric Acid and Potash Now Produced, and more

Scientific American ◽

10.1038/scientificamerican08141920-147 ◽

1920 ◽

Vol 123 (7) ◽

pp. 147-149

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

York City

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Phosphoric Acid from Slags

Scientific American ◽

10.1038/scientificamerican10041884-7298asupp ◽

1884 ◽

Vol 18 (457supp) ◽

pp. 7298-7298

Author(s):

C. Scheibler

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid

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MOTIONS IN A VISCOUS INORGANIC LIQUID : FERROUS ION IN COLD PHOSPHORIC ACID

Le Journal de Physique Colloques ◽

10.1051/jphyscol:19766155 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 37 (C6) ◽

pp. C6-739-C6-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

P. A. FLINN ◽

B. J. ZABRANSKY ◽

S. L. RUBY

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Ferrous Ion

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Bulk Metal Electrodeposition in the Sub-monolayer Regime: Ru on Pt(111)*

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie ◽

10.1524/zpch.1997.1.1.137 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 137-150

Author(s):

K. A. Friedrich ◽

K.-P. Geyzers ◽

A. Marmann ◽

U. Stimming ◽

R. Vogel

Keyword(s):

Bulk Metal ◽

Metal Electrodeposition

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CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF A LONG-ACTING OESTRIOL (POLYOESTRIOL PHOSPHATE)

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0380073 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 73-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Christian Lauritzen ◽

Semih Velibese

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Clinical Investigations ◽

Prolonged Duration ◽

High Doses ◽

Long Acting

ABSTRACT A description is given of experimental investigations and preliminary clinical experience with the long-acting oestriol compound polyoestriol phosphate – a water-soluble polymere of oestriol and phosphoric acid. The compound seems to exert all the physiologically important effects of oestriol. Even with high doses the hormone causes no proliferation of the endometrium and no withdrawal bleeding. It has no untoward effect on metabolism. It decreases slightly the cholesterol concentration (to the extent of ⅓–⅕ of the effect produced by long-acting oestradiol esters). The compound has a wide therapeutic range. No side-effects have been observed. Doses of 10 mg or more have a prolonged duration. Additional prolongation of the effect is largely dependent on dosage. To ensure an effect lasting for 4 weeks 40 mg polyoestriol phosphate (corresponding with 30 mg oestriol) is required – an amount which roughly corresponds with physiological quantitative data. The compound, which involves an interesting new principle of prolongation, was most effectively used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and genital organic disorders. For these indications it can be recommended without reservation.

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EINE CHEMISCHE METHODE ZUR BESTIMMUNG VON 16-EPI-ÖSTRIOL IM URIN DES MENSCHEN

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0440047 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 47-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. Nocke ◽

H. Breuer

Keyword(s):

Melting Point ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Aqueous Alkali ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Organic Layer ◽

Maximum Percentage ◽

Chemical Determination ◽

Routine Assay ◽

Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT A method for the chemical determination of 16-epi-oestriol in the urine of nonpregnant women with a qualitative sensitivity of less than 0.5 μg/24 h is described. The separation of 16-epi-oestriol and oestriol is accomplished by converting 16-epi-oestriol into its acetonide, a reaction which is stereoselective for cis-glycols and therefore not undergone by oestriol as a trans-glycol. Following partition between chloroform and aqueous alkali, the acetonide of 16-epi-oestriol is completely separated with the organic layer whereas oestriol as a strong phenol remains in the alkaline phase. 16-epi-oestriol is chromatographed on alumina as the acetonide and determined as a Kober chromogen. This procedure can easily be incorporated into the method of Brown et al. (1957 b) thus making possible the simultaneous routine assay of oestradiol-17β, oestrone, oestriol and 16-epi-oestriol from one sample of urine. The specificity of the method was established by separation of 16-epi-oestriol from nonpregnancy urine as the acetonide, hydrolysis of the acetonide by phosphoric acid, isolation of the free compound by microsublimation and identification by micro melting point, colour reactions and chromatography. The accuracy of the method is given by a mean recovery of 64% for pure crystalline 16-epi-oestriol when added to hydrolysed urine in 5–10 μg amounts. The precision is given by s = 0.24 μg/24 h. For the duplicate determination of 16-epi-oestriol the qualitative sensitivity is 0.44 μg/24 h, the maximum percentage error being ± 100% The quantitative sensitivity (±25% error) is 1.7 μg/24 h.

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